2016年考研英語二真題

絕密★啟用前

2016年全國碩士研究生招生考試

英語（二）

（科目代碼:204）

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SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)fbreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(lOpoints)

Happypeopleworkdifferently.They9remoreproductive,morecreative,and

willingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmight

influence1firmswork,too.

Companieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoa

recentresearchpaper.2,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D

(researchanddevelopment).That'sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindof

longer-termthinking3formakinginvestmentsfbrthefuture.

Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe4andinclinationforrisk-takingthat

comewithhappinesswould5thewaycompaniesinvested.Sotheycompared

U.S.cities9averagehappiness6byGalluppollingwiththeinvestment

activityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.

7enough,firms'investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththe

happinessoftheareainwhichtheywere8Butisitreallyhappinessthat's

linkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities9why

firmstherespendmoreonR&D?Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolledfbr

various10thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest-likesize,industry,

andsales-andfbrindicatorsthataplacewas11tolivein,likegrowthin

wagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally12

evenafteraccountingforthesethings.

Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongfor

youngerfirms,whichtheauthors13to“l(fā)esscodifieddecisionmakingprocess^^

andthepossiblepresenceof"youngerandless14managerswhoaremorelikely

tobeinfluencedbysentiment.^^Therelationshipwas15strongerinplaces

wherehappinesswasspreadmore16.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaces

wheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappinessinequality.

17thisdoesn'tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreorto

takealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast18atthatpossibility.

It'snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp19how

executivesthinkaboutthefuture."Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeople

wouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand20R&Dmorethanthe

average,saidoneresearcher.

2

1.[A]why[B]how[C]where[D]when

2.[A]Inreturn[B]Inparticular[C]Incontrast[D]Inconclusion

3.[A]necessary[B]famous[C]perfect[D]sufficient

4.[A]individualism|B]realism[C]optimism[D]modernism

5.[A]miss[B]echo[C]spoil[D]change

6.[A]imagined[B]measured[C]assumed[D]invented

7.[A]Sure[B]Odd[C]Unfortunate[D]Often

8.[A]divided[B]advertised[C]overtaxed[D]headquartered

9.[A]summarize[B]overstate[C]explain[D]emphasize

10.[A]factors[B]stages[C]levels[D]methods

11.[A]desirable[B]sociable[C]reliable[D]reputable

12.[A]resumed[B]emerged[C]held[D]broke

13.[A]assign[B]attribute[C]transfer[D]compare

14.[A]serious[B]civilized[C]ambitious[D]experienced

15.[A]instead[B|thus[C|also[D]never

16.[A]rapidly[B]directly[C|regularly[D]equally

17.[A]While[B]Until[C|After[D]Since

18.[A]arrives[B]jumps[C]hints[D]strikes

19.[A]share[B]rediscover[C]simplify[D]shape

20.[A]prayfor[B]leantowards[C]sendout[D]giveaway

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,

B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

3

Text1

Ifstruethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren'tessentialforlearningcomputer

scienceincollege.Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafew

introductorycourses,saidTomCortina,theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon's

SchoolofComputerScience.

However,Cortinasaid,earlyexposureisbeneficial.Whenyoungerkidslearn

computerscience,theylearnthatit'snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringofletters

andnumbers-butatooltobuildapps,orcreateartwork,ortesthypotheses.It's

notashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.

Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethem

becomesnormal.Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberof

peopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,Cortinasaid.

Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygetto

college,whereintroductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,

whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway.

TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasone

ofthemanycodingbootcampsthat'sbecomepopularforadultslookingfora

careerchange.Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,but“wetrytogear

lessonstowardthingsthey9reinterestedin,“saidVictoriaFriedman,aninstructor.

Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbased

onyourmood.

ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon'tdropoutofhighschooland

buildthenextFacebook.Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sothe

“RubyonRails99languagetheylearnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimethey

enterthejobmarket.Buttheskillstheylearn-howtothinklogicallythrougha

problemandorganizetheresults-applytoanycodinglanguage,saidDeborah

Seehorn,aneducationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina.

Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuture

armyofcodersisnotthesolepui-poseoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobe

surroundedbycomputers一intheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes-for

therestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoax

themachineintoproducingwhattheywant-theearliertheylearnthattheyhave

thepowertodothat-thebetter.

4

21.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto

[A]completefuturejobtraining

[B]remodelthewayofthinking

[C]formulatelogicalhypotheses

[D]perfectartworkproduction

22.Indeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsideredtheir

[A]experience

[B]interest

[C]careerprospects

[D]academicbackgrounds

23.DeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill.

[A]helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguages

[B]havetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescome

[C]needimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobs

[D]enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney

24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpectedto

[A]bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologies

[B]staylongerintheinformationtechnologyindustry

[C]becomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworld

[D]competewithafuturearmyofprogrammers

25.Theword"coax"(Line4,Para.6)isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]persuade

[B]frighten

[C]misguide

[D]challenge

5

Text2

Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens-akind

ofbirdlivingonstretchinggrasslands-oncelentredtotheoftengreylandscape

ofthemidwesternandsouthwesternUnitedStates.Butjustsome22,000birds

remaintoday,occupyingabout16%ofthespecies9historicrange.

ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.S.FishandWildlifeService(USFWS)

decidedtoformallylistthebirdasthreatened."Thelesserprairiechickenisina

desperatesituation,saidUSFWSDirectorDanielAshe.Someenvironmentalists,

however,weredisappointed.Theyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdas

“endangered,“astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowerto

crackdownonthreats.ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe“threatened“taggave

thefederalgovernmentflexibilitytotryoutnew,potentiallylessconfrontational

conservationapproaches.Inparticular,theycalledforforgingclosercollaborations

withwesternstategovernments,whichareoftenuneasywithfederalaction,and

withtheprivatelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken's

habitat.

Undertheplan,forexample,theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecute

landownersorbusinessesthatunintentionallykill,harm,ordisturbthebird,aslong

astheyhadsignedarange-widemanagementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat.

NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplanrequiresindividualsandbusinesses

thatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceevery

acredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedto

compensatelandownerswhosetasidehabitat.USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalof

restoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof67,000birdsoverthe

next10years.AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies

(WAFWA),acoalitionofstateagencies,thejobofmonitoringprogress.Overall,

theideaistolet"statesremaininthedriver'sseatformanagingthespecies,nAshe

said.

Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoric.SomeCongressmembersaretrying

toblocktheplan,andatleastadozenindustrygroups,fourstates,andthree

environmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederalcourt.Notsurprisingly,industry

groupsandstatesgenerallyargueitgoestoofar;environmentalistssayitdoesn'tgo

farenough."Thefederalgovernmentisgivingresponsibilityformanagingthebird

tothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction,saysbiologistJayLininger.

6

26.Themajorreasonforlistingthelesserprairiechickenasthreatenedis.

[A]itsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation

[B]theunderestimateofthegrasslandacreage

[C]adesperateappealfromsomebiologists

[D]theinsistenceofprivatelandowners

27.The“threatened“tagdisappointedsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit.

[A]wasagive-intogovernmentalpressure

[B]wouldinvolvefeweragenciesinaction

[C]grantedlessfederalregulatorypower

[D]wentagainstconservationpolicies

28.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatunintentionalharm-doerswillnotbe

prosecutedifthey.

[A]agreetopayasumforcompensation

[B]volunteertosetupanequallybighabitat

[C]offertosupporttheWAFWAmonitoringjob

|D]promisetoraisefundsforUSFWSoperations

29.AccordingtoAshe,theleadingroleinmanagingthespeciesis.

[A]thefederalgovernment

[B]thewildlifeagencies

[C]thelandowners

[D]thestates

30.JayLiningerwouldmostlikelysupport.

[A]industrygroups

[B]thewin-winrhetoric

[C|environmentalgroups

[D]theplanunderchallenge

7

Text3

Thateveryone'stoobusythesedaysisacliche.Butonespecificcomplaintis

madeespeciallymournfully:There9sneveranytimetoread.

Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-management

techniquesdon'tseemsufficient.Theweb'sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmaking

timetoread:"GiveupTV"or“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes."Butinmy

experience,usingsuchmethodstofreeuptheodd30minutesdoesn'twork.Sit

downtoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinning-orelse

you'resoexhaustedthatachallengingbook'sthelastthingyouneed.Themodern

mind,TimParks,anovelistandcritic,writes,“isoverwhelminglyinclinedtoward

communication...Itisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted;itisthatoneisactually

inclinedtointerruption."Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindof

timewhichcan'tbeobtainedmerelybybecomingmoreefficient.

Infact,"becomingmoreefficient"ispartoftheproblem.Thinkingoftimeas

aresourcetobemaximisedmeansyouapproachitinstrumentally,judgingany

givenmomentaswellspentonlyinsofarasitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoal.

Immersivereading,bycontrast,dependsonbeingwillingtoriskinefficiency,

goallessness,eventime-wasting.Trytoslotitinasato-dolistitemandyou'll

manageonlygoal-focusedreading-useful,sometimes,butnotthemostfulfilling

kind."Thefuturecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearly

infiniteconveyorbelt,“writesGaryEberleinhisbookSacredTime,and"wefeel

apressuretofillthesedifferent-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes)astheypass,for

iftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhavewastedthem.^^Nomind-setcould

beworseforlosingyourselfinabook.

Sowhatdoeswork?Perhapssurprisingly,schedulingregulartimesforreading.

You'dthinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,Eberlenotes,such

ritualisticbehaviourhelpsus“stepoutsidetime'sflow^^into“soultime."Youcould

limitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks,oronsingle-purposee-readers.

“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canactuallywork,too-providingyoudipin

oftenenough,sothatreadingbecomesthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarily

surfacetotakecareofbusiness,beforedroppingbackdown.Onareallygoodday,

itnolongerfeelsasifyou're"makingtimetoread,“butjustreading,andmaking

timeforeverythingelse.

8

31.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon9tworkbecause.

[A]whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodernmind

[B]whatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivereading

[C]whatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwiththem

[D]whatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeguaranteed

32.The“emptybottles^^metaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressureto

[A]updatetheirto-dolists

[B]makepassingtimefulfilling

[C]carrytheirplansthrough

[D]pursuecarefreereading

33.Eberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreadinghelps

[A]encouragetheefficiencymind-set

[B]developonlinereadinghabits

[C]promoteritualisticreading

[D]achieveimmersivereading

34.“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes“canworkif.

[A]readingbecomesyourprimarybusinessoftheday

[B]allthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtwith

[C]youareabletodropbacktobusinessafterreading

[D]timecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandbusiness

35.Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe.

[A]HowtoEnjoyEasyReading

[B]HowtoFindTimetoRead

[C]HowtoSetReadingGoals

[D]HowtoReadExtensively

9

Text4

Againstabackdropofdrasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure,

youngerAmericansaredrawinganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess,alatest

pollhasfound.

Acrossgenerationallines,Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesame

traditionalmilestonesofasuccessfullife,includinggettingmarried,havingchildren,

owningahome,andretiringintheirsixties.Butwhileyoungandoldmostlyagree

onwhatconstitutesthefinishlineofafulfillinglife,theyofferstrikinglydifferent

pathsforreachingit.

Youngpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelythanolder

adultstoprioritizepersonalfulfillmentintheirwork,tobelievetheywilladvance

theircareersmostbyregularlychangingjobs,tofavorcommunitieswithmore

publicservicesandafasterpaceoflife,toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinancially

securebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren,andtomaintainthatchildrenare

bestservedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidethehome,thesurveyfound.

Fromcareertocommunityandfamily,thesecontrastssuggestthatinthe

aftermathofthesearingGreatRecession,thosejuststartingoutinlifearedefining

prioritiesandexpectationsthatwillincreasinglyspreadthroughvirtuallyall

aspectsofAmericanlife,fromconsumerpreferencestohousingpatternstopolitics.

Youngandoldconvergeononekeypoint:Overwhelmingmajoritiesofboth

groupssaidtheybelieveitisharderforyoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlife

thanitwasforearliergenerations.Whileyoungerpeoplearesomewhatmore

optimisticthantheireldersabouttheprospectsforthosestartingouttoday,big

majoritiesinbothgroupsbelievethose'justgettingstartedinlifb“faceatougher

climbthanearliergenerationsinreachingsuchsignpostachievementsassecuring

agood-payingjob,startingafamily,managingdebt,andfindingaffordablehousing.

PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday.Schneider,a27-year-old

autotechnicianfromtheChicagosuburbs,sayshestruggledtofindajobafter

graduatingfromcollege.Evennowthatheisworkingsteadily,hesaid,"Ican't

affordtopaymymonthlymortgagepaymentsonmyown,soIhavetorentrooms

outtopeopletomakethathappen.,,Lookingback,heisstruckthathisparents

couldprovideacomfortablelifefortheirchildreneventhoughneitherhad

completedcollegewhenhewasyoung."Istillgrewupinanuppermiddle-class

homewithparentswhodidn'thavecollegedegrees/9Schneidersaid."Idon't

thinkpeoplearecapableofthatanymore.^^

1()

36.Onecross-generationmarkofasuccessfullifeis.

[A]tryingoutdifferentlifestyles

|B|havingafamilywithchildren

[C]workingbeyondretirementage

[D]settingupaprofitablebusiness

37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletendto

[A]favoraslowerlifepace

[B]holdanoccupationlonger

[C]attachimportancetopre-maritalfinance

[D]giveprioritytochildcareoutsidethehome

38.Theprioritiesandexpectationsdefinedbytheyoungwill

[A]becomeincreasinglyclear

[B]focusonmaterialisticissues

[C]dependlargelyonpoliticalpreferences

[D]reachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlife

39.Bothyoungandoldagreethat.

[A]good-payingjobsarelessavailable

[B]theoldmademorelifeachievements

[C]housingloanstodayareeasytoobtain

[D]gettingestablishedisharderfortheyoung

40.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSchneider?

[A]Hefoundadreamjobaftergraduatingfromcollege.

[B]Hisparentsbelieveworkingsteadilyisamustforsuccess.

[C]Hisparents9goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegedegree.

[D]Hethinkshisjobasatechnicianquitechallenging.

11

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitable

subheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).There

aretwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswerson

theANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Besilly

[B|Havefun

[C]Askforhelp

[D]Expressyouremotions

[E]Don'toverthinkit

[F]Beeasilypleased

[G]Noticethings

ActYourShoeSize,NotYourAge

Asadults,itseemsthatweareconstantlypursuinghappiness,oftenwith

mixedresults.Yetchildrenappeartohaveitdowntoanart-andforthemostpart

theydon'tneedself-helpbooksortherapy.Instead,theylookaftertheirwellbeing

instinctively,andusuallymoreeffectivelythanwedoasgrownups.Perhapsit's

timetolearnafewlessonsfromthem.

41.________________________________

Whatdoesachilddowhenhe'ssad?Hecries.Whenhe'sangry?Heshouts.

Scared?Probablyabitofboth.Aswegrowup,welearntocontrolouremotions

sotheyaremanageableanddon'tdictateourbehaviours,whichisinmanywaysa

goodthing.Buttoooftenwetakethisprocesstoofarandendupsuppressing

emotions,especiallynegativeones.That'saboutaseffectiveasbrushingdirtunder

acarpetandcanevenmakeusill.Whatweneedtodoisfindawaytoacknowledge

andexpresswhatwefeelappropriately,andthen-again,likechildren-moveon.

42.________________________________

AcoupleofChristmasesago,myyoungeststepdaughter,whowasnineyears

oldatthetime,gotaSupermanT-shirtforChristmas.Itcostlessthanafiverbut

shewasoverjoyed,andcouldn'tstoptalkingaboutit.Toooftenwebelievethata

newjob,biggerhouseorbettercarwillbethemagicsilverbulletthatwillallow

ustofinallybecontent,buttherealityisthesethingshaveverylittlelasting

impactonourhappinesslevels.Instead,beinggratefulforsmallthingseveryday

12

isamuchbetterwaytoimprovewellbeing.

43.________________________________

Haveyouevernoticedhowmuchchildrenlaugh?Ifweadultscouldindulge

inabitofsillinessandgiggling,wewouldreducethestresshormonesinourbodies,

increasegoodhormoneslikeendorphins,improvebloodflowtoourheartsandeven

haveagreaterchanceoffightingoffinfection.Allofwhichwould,ofcourse,have

apositiveeffectonourhappinesslevels.

44.________________________________

Theproblemwithbeingagrownupisthatthere'sanawfullotofseriousstuff

todealwith-work,mortgagepayments,figuringoutwhattocookfordinner.But

asadultswealsohavetheluxuryofbeingabletocontrolourowndiariesandifs

importantthatwescheduleintimetoenjoythethingswelove.Thosethings

mightbesocial,sporting,creativeorcompletelyrandom(dancingaroundthe

livingroom,anyone?)-itdoesn'tmatter,solongasthey'reenjoyable,andnot

likelytohavenegativesideeffects,suchasdrinkingtoomuchalcoholorgoingon

awildspendingspreeifyou'reonatightbudget.

45.________________________________

Havingsaidalloftheabove,it'simportanttoaddthatweshouldn'ttrytoo

hardtobehappy.Scientiststellusthiscanbackfireandactuallyhaveanegative

impactonourwellbeing.AstheChinesephilosopherChuangTzuisreportedto

havesaid:"Happinessistheabsenceofstrivingforhappiness.^^Andinthat,once

more,weneedtolooktotheexampleofourchildren,towhomhappinessisnota

goalbutanaturalbyproductofthewaytheylive.

13

SectionIIITranslation

46.Directions

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWER

SHEET.(15points)

Thesupennarketisdesig