Unit+3+Reading+and+Thinking高中英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊

新人教版高中英語選擇性必修四Unit3SeaExploration

ReadingandThinkingTodevelopyourinterestinoceanlivesandvoyagestories.Toidentifytypesofthetextandsummarizethemainideaofeachpart.Todevelopyourreadinghabits,likegeneralreading,scanningfordetailsandanalyzingofthepassagestructure.Pre-readingThey(oceans)provideabreedinggroundforlife,connecttheworldandpromotedevelopment.---XiJinping

習近平海洋孕育了生命，聯(lián)通了世界，促進了發(fā)展。Whatseaanimalsandplantsdoyouknow?sharkseaturtledolphinwhaleseahorseseaweedcoral珊瑚LearnaboutseaexplorationPre-readingDoyouknowanystoriesaboutseavoyages?Shareyourstorywithapartner.HistoryandFactsFrom1405to1433,ZhengHewentonseventripsandvisited

South-EastAsia,

theMiddleEastandeventheeastcoastofAfrica.AtlanticOceanPacificOceanIndianOceanAsiaEuropeAfricaOceaniaNorthAmericaSouthAmericaPacificOceantheCapeofGoodHopetheSpiceIslandsIndiaAmericasSpainChristopherColumbus(1451-1506)madefourtripsacrosstheAtlanticOceanfromSpain:in1492,1493,1498and1502.HewasdeterminedtofindadirectwaterroutewestfromEuropetoAsia,butheneverdid.Instead,hestumbledupon(偶然發(fā)現(xiàn))theAmericas.VascodaGama(1460-1524)sailedfromLisbonin1497onamissiontoreachIndiaandopenasearoutefromWesternEuropetotheeastbywayofthe

CapeofGoodHope(好望角).AtlanticOceanPacificOceanIndianOceanAsiaEuropeAfricaOceaniaNorthAmericaSouthAmericaPacificOceantheCapeofGoodHopetheSpiceIslandsIndiaSpainAtlanticOceanPacificOceanIndianOceanAsiaEuropeAfricaOceaniaNorthAmericaSouthAmericaPacificOceantheCapeofGoodHopetheSpiceIslandsSpainFerdinandMagellan(1480-1521)sailedwestfromSpainin1519acrosstheAtlanticandPacificoceansanddiscoveredaroutebywhichshipscouldsailacompletecirclearoundtheworld.TheStraitsofMagellan(麥哲倫海峽),locatedattheSoutherntipofSouthAmericaarenamedforhim.While-readingReadforgenre.Therearefourmajortypesofessay:narrative,descriptive,expository說明文,andargumentative議論文.

[?k?sp?z?t?r?]①Narrative:astorywithabeginning+middle+end.②Descriptive:asubject+interestingdetails③Expository:asubject+factualinformation④Argumentative

:anidea+toconvincethereaderListentothepassageandmatchthemainideaofeachparagraph.Readformainidea.Para.1

A.Chinaisalsojoiningwithothercountriesonotherimportantprojects.Para.2 B.TravelfromeasttowestbeganlongbeforeColumbus.Para.3 C.Inancienttimes,traveleasttowestwasontheSilkRoad.Para.4 D.ZhengHe’sseavoyagesbuiltrelationswithothercountries.Para.5 E.The21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoadhasencouragedcooperationandstrengthenedthebondsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld.Para.6 F.Chinaisalsojoiningwithothercountriesonotherimportantprojects.ReachingoutAcrosstheSea(anexpositoryessay)Para.1Para.2~3Para.4~5Para.6inthepastintroductiontothetopicinthefutureatpresentHowChinesepeoplehaveconductedseaexplorationsovertime.TimeOrderReadforstructure.Howisthepassagedeveloped?Whichisintroducedineachexploration?TimeRegionResult/PurposeinancienttimesinMingDynastytodayinthefutureTimesequence/order.inrecentyearsReadfordetails.(Finishthetimeline)inancienttimesintheMingDynastytodayinrecentyearsfarintothefutureTimeRegionPurpose/SignificanceIndia,theMiddleEast,Rome,thecoastsoftheIndianOceanandSriLankatheSouthChinaSea,theIndianOcean,themouthoftheRedSea,theeastcoastofAfricatheancientsearoutestravelledbyZhengHe,theBeltandRoadAreatheArcticunknownnegotiatetradedeals,culturalawarenessdeveloprelationsencouragecooperationandtrade,strengthenthebonds,developthewholeareaforthebenefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchangetradeandenhancerelationshipsunderstandclimatechangeanditseffectsPara.2Para.5Para.4Para.3Para.6Readfordetails.Scanthetextandfillinthetablewiththecorrectnames.NameDescriptionThenameofthetraderoutebetweenChinaandtheWestItskingssentgiftssuchasgiraffestoChinaAnareacurrentlybeingexploredforscientificreasonsAdestinationofsilkandamajorEuropeancapitaltheSilkRoadAfricanroyalfamiliestheArcticRomeReadfordetails.

NameDescriptionThemoderncountrynameforCeylonThehistoricalperiodwhenChinaexpandedmaritimeexplorationtootherregionsTheauthorofRecordofMyTravelsThecommanderofthesevenfleetsThepersonwhowrotestoriesthatinspiredEuropeanexplorersSriLankatheMingDynastyDuHuanZhengHeMarcoPoloPost-readingGroupDiscussion1.Whichcountriesreachedoutacrosstheseainthepastandwhy?2.Whatbenefitsandproblemsdidthosecountriesgetfromdoingthis?3.Whateffectsdidreachingoutacrosstheseainthepasthaveontheworld?4.WhatdoyouthinkisthesignificanceoftheBeltandRoadInitiative?QuestionFactOpinionEuropeanexplores,China,India,Ceylon,Africanroyalfamilies;Fortrade1234Theygotnewproductsfrommanycountriesandbecamemoreawareofothercultures;Itledtoinvasionandconquest.Thelandandsearoutesremainedactivechannelsbetweendifferentculturesforcenturies;Itadvancedthespreadofknowledge,technology,andgoods,andmadetheworldasmallerplace.TheaimofitistoencouragecooperationandtradeacrossthehistoricalSilkRoadareas,andstrengthenthebondsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworldItwillleadtogreaterintegrationwithChinaandothercountries.Itwillpromotejointdevelopment,enhancemutuallybeneficialcooperationanddevelopcommonprosperityAretherequestionsdiscussedonthesameaspect?Whenyouthinkaboutonehistoricalorcontemporaryevent,whichaspectsshouldyouconsidertogainafullunderstanding?GroupDiscussionTime,event,region,purposeorsignificance…LanguagePoints

ReachingoutAcrosstheSeaTradeandcuriosityhaveoftenformedthefoundationofmankind'sgreatestachievements.Tocompletethegreatmapoftheworldwasastrongpassionforthepeopleofearlycivilisations.MarcoPolo'stales

inspiredEuropeanexplorerstosearchforsearoutesfromwesttoeast.However,merchantsandexplorersfromtheEastsetsailfromeasttowestmanyyearsbeforeColumbusfirstdid.

1form/laythefoundationof...

為......打下基礎

TuYouyou___________________________________ofhersuccessbyhardworkandperseverance.laid/formedthefoundationHowever,merchantsandexplorersfromtheEastsetsailfromeasttowestmanyyearsbeforeColumbusfirstdid.2句意：然而，來自于東方的商人和探險家比哥倫布從東向西航行早了許多年。setsail

起航；開航

setsailfor...起航前往...高考結束后，我們將告別彼此并啟航駛向未知的未來。AftertheCollegeEntranceExamination,wewillbidfarewelltoeachotherand___________________.setsailforanunknownfuturesetout動身，出發(fā)，開始+todosthsetabout(doing)開始做某事，攻擊setoff出發(fā)，動身,引爆setapart分開，區(qū)別setaside放置一旁，不理會，留出setdown記下，（使）放下/坐下set

back向后移，推遲，撥慢（鐘表）

Inancienttimes,silkfromChinafounditswayoverlandtoIndia,theMiddleEast,andRome,alongwhatbecameknownastheSilkRoad.AtradingrouteacrosstheseawasalsoextendedalongthecoastsoftheIndianOcean,centredaroundCeylon(nowSriLanka).Here,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals,whichalsoledtomoreawarenessofeachother'scultures.Overthecenturies,furthertradingallowedmoreexplorationoftheregionstothewestofChina,asrecorded

inDuHuan'sRecordofMyTravelsintheeighthcentury.句意：在古代，中國絲綢經(jīng)由一條陸路運到印度、中東和羅馬，這條路就是有名的“絲綢之路”。Inancienttimes,silkfromChinafounditswayoverlandtoIndia,theMiddleEast,andRome,alongwhatbecameknownastheSilkRoad.3what引導賓語從句what引導名詞性從句什么......的人/事/物/地方......主語賓語表語從句中中文意義1.Hehasgotwhathewants.2.Thegirlisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.3.Afterwhatseemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.從句中作賓語從句中充當表語從句中充當主語表示“……的人或的樣子表示“……的東西或事情”表示“……的時間”

似乎過了幾個小時他才苦笑著出來。4.In1492,ColumbusreachedwhatisnowcalledAmerica.1492年哥倫布到達了現(xiàn)在所稱的美洲大陸。表示“……的地方”從句中充當主語

IwasamazedbythesizeofZhengHe’streasureship.WhatamazedmewasthesizeofZhengHe’streasureship.

ZhengHewasbornintheregionwhichisnowYunnanprovincetoMuslimparents.用what引導的名詞性從句改寫句子。ZhengHewasbornwhatisnowYunnanprovincetoMuslimparents.

AtradingrouteacrosstheseawasalsoextendedalongthecoastsoftheIndianOcean,centredaroundCeylon(nowSriLanka).3extendvt.擴展；使伸長；延長

vi.延伸

，擴展，持續(xù)YongleEmperortriedto______________________beyondthebordersbysendingsevenmaritimeexpeditions.永樂帝盡力想要通過七次海上探險將中國的影響力延伸到版圖之外。extendChina’sinfluence

Wedecidedto_______________byanotherday.我們決定將訪問延長一天。extendourvisitHere,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals,whichalsoledtomoreawarenessofeachother’scultures.4句意：在這里，來自中國和許多其他地方的商人聚集在一起談判貿(mào)易協(xié)議，這也使人們更加了解彼此的文化。negotiatevt.商定；達成（協(xié)議）

vi.談判；磋商；協(xié)商negotiateabout(for)sth.就某事進行交涉negotiatewithsb.與某人進行交涉（以達成協(xié)議）1.Thegovernmentwillnotnegotiate____terrorists.2.Thetwocountriesarenegotiating______apeacefulsettlement.withforOverthecenturies,furthertradingallowedmoreexplorationoftheregionstothewestofChina,asrecordedinDuHuan'sRecordofMyTravelsintheeighthcentury.5asrecorded是過去分詞作方式狀語，是as(itis）recorded的省略。用于此句式的這類動詞，多是“計劃，想象，預料，敘述，描述，提及，說及，顯示，指出”之類的詞，常見的還有：asexpected正如預料的那樣asimagined正如想象的那樣asarranged/planned正如計劃的那樣asseenfromabove正如從上述看的那樣assaid

before正如說過的（那樣）asmentioned正如提到的（那樣）Later,theMingDynastyfurtherdevelopedrelationswiththeseregions.Between1405and1433,sevenlargefleetssailedwestonvoyagesoftradeandexploration.Thesefleetswereasighttobehold

andwereinaleagueoftheirownatthattime.UnderthecommandofZhengHe,theysetsailfromtheSouthChinaSeaacrosstheIndianOceantothemouthoftheRedSea,andthentotheeastcoastofAfrica.Africanroyalfamiliessentgiftssuchasgiraffesasgesturesoffriendshipinreturnforgold,silk,andspices.AlthoughChinawithdrewfromfurtherexpeditionsafter1433,theselandandsearoutesremainedactivechannelsbetweenotherculturesforcenturies.

command的用法：1）用作名詞n.命令，指揮；司令部，指揮部；[計算機]指令；控制力)Thearmyisundertheking'sdirectcommand.軍隊由國王直接統(tǒng)帥。underone’scommandunderthecommandofsb由……指揮/統(tǒng)帥HehasagoodcommandofFrench.他的法文很好。

haveagoodcommandof精通/擅長......Thegeneralissuedacommandthatallofthemshouldcomeatsixo'clock.將軍頒布了一道命令,所有的人都要在六點鐘到。

issueacommand發(fā)布命令2）command用作動詞：

vt.指揮，控制，命令；命令

vi.給出命令；命令，指令；command后接賓語從句時，需用虛擬語氣：sb.+（should）+動詞原形。同義轉換：Icommandhimtogoatonce.Icommandthat__________________.翻譯：Hewastoldtocommandhistemper.

he(should)goatonce

他被告知要控制自己的脾氣。

AlthoughChinawithdrewfromfurtherexpeditionsafter1433,theselandandsearoutesremainedactivechannelsbetweenotherculturesforcenturies.9句意：盡管1433年后中國停止了進一步的探索，但在隨后的幾個世紀，這些陸地和海洋路線仍是與其他文化之間的活躍通道。withdrawvi.&vt.（使）撤回；撤離

(withdrew,withdrawn)withdrawfromsth.退出；離開；從……提取例：一直有人呼吁英國退出歐盟。TherehavebeencallsforBritainto___________theEU.withdrawfromChinahasalsojoineditsfriendsacrosstheseaonotherimportantprojects.AlthoughtheancientsearoutesofZhengHehavebeentravelledmanytimes,therearestillmanyotherplaceslefttoexplore.Inrecentyears,ChinahasjoinedothernationsonseveralexpeditionstoexploretheArctic.Fromascientificpointofview,thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.

Hundredsofyearson,andwiththelatesttechnologyinhand,theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.10…therearestillmanyotherplaceslefttoexplore.結構：“therebe＋名詞＋非謂語動詞作定語”1）Therearemanyyoungpeople_______(work)inthefields.2）Thereweretenpeople______(kill)intheaccident.3）Therewasnobody_________(look)afterthekid.working現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表主動進行killed過去分詞分詞作定語表被動完成tolook不定式作定語表動作未發(fā)生有時過去分詞也可表狀態(tài)。Thereweresomeoldmanseatedintheback.11.Fromascientificpointofview,thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinorderto

understandclimatechange