Unit2詞匯短語語法知識點(diǎn)梳理及拓展2022-2023學(xué)年人教版英語八年級下冊

八下unit2知識精講及拓展詞匯拓展cheer(v/n)—,快樂的)volunteer(n.&v.adj)—(adj.自愿的)strong(adj.)—(n.體力，優(yōu)勢)—(v.加強(qiáng))feeling(n.)—(v.感覺)satisfaction(n.)—(v.使?jié)M足)—(adj.滿意的)joy(n.)—(近義詞)—/(adj.高興的)owner(n.)—(adj.&v.自己的；主人)journey(n)—/(近義詞)repair(v.)—(近義詞)broken(adj.)—(v.打破)—（過去式）disabled(adj.)—(v.使殘疾)—n.（無能，沒有能力）—_____________adj.能的，能夠的—（adj.不能的，沒有能力的）—（n.能力）imagine(v.)—(n.想象力)difficulty(n.)—(adj.困難的)—(adj.反義詞)open(v.&adj.)—(反義詞v.)—(反義詞adj.)train(v.)—(n.訓(xùn)練)—（n.教練，教員）excited(adj.)—(adj.令人激動的)—(v.使激動)—(n.激動)kindness(n.)—(adj.善良的)clever(adj.)—(近義詞)—/(反義詞)understand(原形)—_____(過去式)—_____(過去分詞)—_______________(adj.善解人意的)interest(n.&v.)—(adj.令人感興趣的)—(adj.感到感興趣的)21.change(v.)—(adj.可變的，易變的)—(adj.多變的，變化無常的)—n.—(v.交流，交換)二、短語復(fù)習(xí)1.關(guān)心；照顧____ 2.養(yǎng)老院___3.幫助解決困難__ 4.曾經(jīng)…過去__5.在歲時_____ 6.打掃(或清除)干凈7.(使)變得更高興；振奮 8.分發(fā)；散發(fā)__9.想出；提出____ 10.制訂計劃__11.一種強(qiáng)烈的滿足感 12.試用；參加…選拔13.為…工作；效力 14.實(shí)現(xiàn)___________15.建造；舉起；張貼16.籌錢；募捐__17.與此同時____18.在某人空閑的時候19.打；召集___ 20.推遲；延遲____21.與相像；像____ 22.贈送；捐贈_ 23.修理；修補(bǔ)；解決 24.與……相似___ 25.影響；有作用___ 26.建立，設(shè)立__ 27.對…感到興奮____ 28.能夠做某事__ 29.自愿做什么____ 30.建起，設(shè)立__ 三、知識詳解1.helpv幫助→___________adj有益的，愿意幫助的，→___________adj無幫助的常見短語有：1)._______________________.幫助某人做某事。2).helponeself（to）自用（食物等）。3)._______________________幫助某人克服困難，渡過難關(guān)、解決問題、完成工作。4)._______________________在……幫助下。5).helpsb.withsth.幫助某人做某事。2.cleanup意為“把……打掃干凈”（v.+adv.），若賓語是名詞時，名詞可以放在up的前后均可。若賓語是代詞時，代詞只能放在____________。如：cleanupthetable=cleanthetableupTheroomistoodirty.Pleasecleanitup.【拓展】cleanupn.意為“打掃；清潔”，如：thecleanupoftheriverCleanUpDaycleanadj.意為“___________”，如：Weshouldkeepourroomcleanandtidy.3.inthehospital與inhospital(1)inthehospital“在醫(yī)院”指人在醫(yī)院里，________________________________；inhospital“在醫(yī)院；______________________________類似的短語：inthebed“在床上”，也許是蹲在床上或站在床上；inbed“在床上”指躺在床上4.cheerup使振奮，使高興的（v.+adv）cheersb.up=________________________使某人高興cheermeup使我高興Thegoodnewscheeredupeveryoneinourclass.【拓展】cheern.意為“____________________”如：Agreatcheerwentupfromthecrowd.注意：cheers意為“干杯”，常用于祝酒的時候。活學(xué)活用()—Mygrandfatherwasill_____lastweek.—I’msorrytohearthat.inahospitalB.inthehospitalC.inhospitalD.inhospitals()Youcouldvisit_____childreninthehospitaland_____them______.A.ill,set,upB.sick,clean,upC.sick,cheer,up5.giveout=___________________分發(fā)(v.+adv)giveoutsthtosb.分….給某人【拓展】giveout還可意為“發(fā)出（某種光、氣味、熱、煙霧等）”=_____________,如：Therosegivesout/offasweetsmell.【短語】：____________=return歸還givesb.acall給……打__________贈送giveawaymoneytokids_________________=helpsb.幫助某人____________________=stopdoingsth放棄做某事givesb.sth=givesthtosb.給某人某物()ManysocialworkerswenttoYa’antohelpcleanwaterandfoodtolocalpeopletoreducetheirpainfromtheearthquake.A.putout B.eout C.workout D.giveout6.volunteern.__________v.__________（某事）______________________________自愿做某事，如：Eg:Thegirlscouldvolunteerinanafterschoolstudyprogram7.eupwith=_______________想出____________________趕上追上【諺語】Thinkbeforeyouact_____________________________()①Weneed______________(想出)aplan.()②Mymothercameupwithagoodideawhichweallagreedto.A.thoughtaboutB.thoughtupC.thoughthard8.alone/lonely辨析：(1)alone=byoneselfadj.單獨(dú)的，指無人陪伴的客觀事實(shí)，不帶感情色彩。______________________________他經(jīng)常獨(dú)自走路回家。______________________________andwritingsongshimself.這位音樂家喜歡獨(dú)自居住和自己寫歌。(2)lonely①指人孤獨(dú)的，寂寞的，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀感受；帶有很強(qiáng)的感情色彩，做表語或定語_______________________________________這個孤獨(dú)的男孩心中不再孤獨(dú)了。②也可指某個地方是荒涼的,如：alonelyhouse9.such、so解析詞條詞性用法常用結(jié)構(gòu)such形容詞修飾sucha/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)such+除many/few之外的形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)so程度副詞修飾或so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)so+many/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)【記】名前such,形副so，多多少少（many,much,few,little）都用so。()1.Thegirlis____anicegirl____weallwanttohelpher.A.such;thatB.too;toC.so;thatD.very;that()2.Somewordpuzzlesinthisbookare____difficultthat____studentscansolvethem.A.such;fewB.such;littleC.so;fewD.so;little()3.Theteacherspeaksveryloudly____allthestudentscanhearher.A.sothatB.becauseC.sinceD.when()4.Heoffered_____valuable(有價值的）advicethat___peopledisagreed.A.such;afewB.Such;fewC.So;afewD.So;few()5..“I'masinger”is_____aninterestingTVshow______manypeoplelikewatchingit.A.so;that B.such;that C.so;as D.such;astryoutfor…參加…選拔，爭取成為…ThirtyfootballplayerstriedoutfortheBestPlayeroftheyear.【短語】：tryout試用，試驗(yàn)tryon試穿____________________努力做某事【側(cè)重盡力做】____________________試圖做某事【側(cè)重嘗試做】____________________=doone’sbesttodosth盡某人最大努力做某事11.journey/trip/travel辨析：（1）journeyn.尤指__________旅行，行程；tripn.多指_______________；traveln./v.通常泛指“旅行”，詞義廣泛，可以指長期、短期的，不論何種目的，不論使用何種交通工具的旅行，尤指長途的海外旅行。12etrue實(shí)現(xiàn)詞條是否接賓語用法achieve是主語一般為“_________”etrue否主語一般是“_________”①Wewanttoseeyoungpeople___________(實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的夢想)。②______________(實(shí)現(xiàn))yourdreamthroughgreateffortisreallycool.【短語】eback回來eout____________eacross__________________________順便來訪________________想出eintobeing_____________Therearemanypeoplewhoarelessluckythanus.有很多沒有我們幸運(yùn)的人。13.homen家→homelessadj.無家可歸的ahomelessboy一個無家可歸的男孩【拓展】由home構(gòu)成的合成詞：__________n祖國__________n家鄉(xiāng)homelessadj.無家可歸的homemadeadj.自制的【短語集錦】____________________在某人回家的路上behometosb.=bethehomeofsb.是某人的家14.【解析】repairv“修理；修復(fù)”repair的對象范圍很廣，從房屋、道路、機(jī)器到日常生活必需品，是使受到一定損失或失靈的東西恢復(fù)其形狀或功能。__________________________________________________?誰把桌子的斷腿修好了？2)mend的意思是恢復(fù)某物原來的樣子(包括用針、線來縫補(bǔ))，一般指較小之物。________________________________________.這件衣服太舊不能補(bǔ)了。fixup用于需要重新“調(diào)”物體的結(jié)構(gòu)，把松散的部件固定結(jié)實(shí)，將分離的物體各部分裝配起來。用于美國口語中，與repair無多大區(qū)別。________________________________________?你能修理那把壞了的椅子嗎?15.(1)takeafter=besimilarto在（外貌、性格等方面）與（父母）相像（v.+adv）【短語】takeback收回，接回__________寫下takeoff____________________占去（時間或空間）__________小心__________照顧__________發(fā)生takeout____________________拿走(2)looklike只指在外貌上與…..相像16.besure(that)...=1\*GB2⑴______________________________，“確信……”；“對……有把握”。但在接名詞時，besureof側(cè)重指主語對某抽象事物的確信無疑；besureabout則側(cè)重指主語對某具體事物的確信無疑。________________________________________．我肯定他是誠實(shí)的。=2\*GB2⑵besuretodosth，表示說話人對句子主語作出的判斷，“必定”、“必然會”、“準(zhǔn)會”Itissuretorain．天一定會下雨。=3\*GB2⑶besure+賓語從句，意為“確信某事一定會……”。__________________________________________________．我們確信他這學(xué)期一定會取得巨大進(jìn)步【拓展】make

sure表示“_______________________”。make

sure常用于祈使句，后面常接that賓語從句或of介詞短語。Make

sure

+

that從句意為“弄明白；確信”。Make

sure

+

of

+

代詞/名詞，意思也是“弄明白；確信”。

—

Make

sure

of

his

ing

before

you

set

off.

—

出發(fā)之前要確定他是否來。

—

I

make

sure

(that)

he

would

e.

—

我確信他會來。17.動詞feel,find,make,think,believe等，在語法上不能接受不定式作賓語，只有用it作形式賓語，從而把動詞不定式后置。句子結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語＋feel/find/make/...it+adj.+todosth.使得某人有可能做某事如：1）Lemon發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)英語并不難。Lemon______________________________________________English.2）你的幫助使他成功了。Yourhelp_______________________________________________________________.18.makesabigdifference影響；有作用，difference前可以用________________________等修飾，如Therainmadenodifferencetothegame.Hardworkingmakesmuchdifferencetostudy.()Theheavysnowdidn’t___theinternationalairlines.A.payattentiontoB.addtoC.makeadifferencetoD.keepto19.imagine+n/ving/pronv想象()—Mymothercan’timagine____online.—Manypeopledon’tknowhowtodoit.A.shopB.toshopC.shoppingD.Shopped四、語法專題之動詞不定式A.___________—為避免句子的頭重腳輕，常用it作為形式主語，而真正的主語動詞不定式后置。常用句型：It+be+adj./n.+(for/ofsb.)todosth./Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.B.___________—動詞want,decide,hope,ask,agree,choose,learn,plan,need,teach,prepare…常接動詞不定式作賓語。C.___________—常用于“have/has＋sth.＋todo”或“enough＋名＋todo”“It’stimetodosth.”等結(jié)構(gòu)中。D.___________—tell,ask,want,invite,teach,like,call等可接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成?！咀⒁狻縿釉~不定式作使役動詞和感官動詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語時應(yīng)省去to：“一感(feel)，二聽(listento,hear)，三讓(let,make,have,，四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)，半幫助(help)”。E.動詞不定式___________主要用來修飾動詞，表示目的，結(jié)果或原因。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，有時可以把動詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加inorder(to)或soas(to)“為了，目的是”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有too+adj./adv.+todosth.等。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題一、選擇適當(dāng)答案。1._______isdifficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.A.This B.ThatC.It D.Its2.Wedecided_______attheendofthismonth.A.travelB.notstartout C.toleave D.going3.Theyhavenopaper_______.A.towrite B.towritewithC.writeon D.towriteon4.Lethim_______arest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk.A.has B.have C.tohave5._______theputerisaproblem.A.Howtouse B.Whattouse C.Wheretouse D.Whichtouse6.Theteachertoldus_______inbed.A.don’tread B.readnotC.tonotread D.nottoread7.Theoldmanwas_______angry_______sayaword.A.so,that B.as,as C.too,to D.very,to8.Why_______hometomorrow?A.notgo B.notgoing C.nottogo D.didn’tgo9.TheTVsetistooloud.Willyouplease_______?A.turndownit B.turnitdown C.toturnitdown10.It’scoldoutside.Youhadbetter_______yourcoat.A.toputon B.puttingon C.putson D.puton二、用所給動詞的正確形式填空。1.Ittookhalfanhour_______(get)totheWorldParkfromKitty’sschool.2.Itwasinteresting_______(see)somanyplacesofinterestfromallovertheworld.3.Theywant_______(save)timebyusingshorterwordsandphrases.4.Kitty’sclassmateDanieltaughthimselfhow_______(make)ahomepage.5.Things_______(do)inBeijing.6.Hemadethegirl_______(cry)yesterday.7.Heputhisphotosonitforeveryone_______(look)at.8.Helphim_______(put)thephotosinthecorrectorder.9.It’stimeforclass.Pleasestop_______(talk).10.I’dlike_______(go)totheTempleofHeaven.三、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每空格限填一詞。1.Hehassome__________(difficult)inlearningmath.2.—Whyareyouso_________(exciting)?—Becauseourteamwonthegame.3.Wealllovetheoldwomanbecauseofher_________(kind).4.Igetsuchastrong_________(feel)ofsatisfaction.5.Let’smakesome_________(notice),too.6.Ihaveseveral__________(friend)atschool.7.Maryisthe_________(own)ofthedog.8.Hehastogetmuch_____________(train)onhowtoplaysoccerwelleveryday.9.Thevolunteerstrytohelpsickchildreninthehospitalorraisemoneyfor_________(home)people.10.Luckymakesabig__________(different)tomylife.四、動詞應(yīng)用。用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，必要時可加助動詞或情態(tài)動詞。1.Mybrotherlovesanimalsandhewants________(be)ananimaldoctor.2.Youaren’tallowed_______(put)upsignsonthewallwithoutspecialpermission.3.Ihop