報(bào)關(guān)與國際貨運(yùn)專業(yè)英語Module Five 第三單元

Unit3BillofLadingDocumentsI.BookingNoteforCargoBookingNoteforExportCargoarethenecessarymaterialsthattheexportershouldprovidetothecargoexportcompanyandthefoundationforthecargoexportcompany’sbookingstowagetotheshipcompanyandpickingupgoodsbetweentheexportwarehouseandmanufacturer.Itisnotanofficialdocument,butitisaveryimportantbackgroundmaterialforfuturebillsordocumentsmaking.Therearetwotypesofmeansofconveyance：traditionalBulkcargotransportandmoderncontainertransportusingdifferentconsignmentbillsrespectively.1.Thepurposesofdifferentleaf：First,owner（usuallyexporters）officecopySecond,shippingagentcopyThird,notificationoftransportationexpenses（1）Fourth,notificationoftransportationexpenses（2）Fifth,shippingorder.Afterthisleafissealed,thesupportshiphasbeaffirmed.Theshippersonnelusethistoreceivethegoods.Sixth,mate'sreceipt;afterthegoodsgetonboard,firstmateshouldsignonthemate'sreceiptandusethistogetallsetoftheoriginalbillofladingfromtheshippingcompanyoragent.Seventh,Companiesthatshipgoodsoverseasandtheunitsthatareinchargeoftheshippingofcargomakeanofficecopy.Eighthandninth,distributingshipreceipt.TheshippingagentshouldfillthenamesoftheshipandClearancenumberandreturnthemtotheexporter.Tenth,harborfeeapplicationEleventhandtwelfth,spareleaf,blank.2.ContainerShippingbillofladingAlsocalled"dockreceipt",specialexportdocumentsofthecontainershippingintwelvecopies.Thepurposesoftherespectivelead：First,owner（usuallyexporters）officecopySecond,containershippingagentcopyThird,notificationoftransportationexpenses（1）Fourth,notificationoftransportationexpenses（2）Fifth,shippingorder,dockreceiptcopy（fifthleaforiginal）,HarborFeesApplication（attachedsheetofthefifthleaf）.Sixth,CopyofDockReceiptforChiefOfficerSeventh,dockreceiptEighth,shippingagentcopyNinth,Bookingreceipt（1）Tenth,Bookingreceipt（2）Eleventhandtwelfth,theownercanusethemathisorherownwill.OceanExportGoodsAttorneycanbecompiledbytheimportandexportcompanies.ItshouldfilljustthesameasthecontentintheBookingNoteforCargoortherelevantwaysoffillingit.一、海運(yùn)托運(yùn)單海運(yùn)出口托運(yùn)單是出口人向外運(yùn)公司提供出運(yùn)貨物的必要資料，是外運(yùn)公司向船公司訂艙配載及外輪公司與出口倉庫或生產(chǎn)廠家之間往來提貨的依據(jù)。它雖然不是出口結(jié)匯的正式單據(jù)，但卻是日后制作提單、出口結(jié)匯的主要背景材料。海洋運(yùn)輸有兩種運(yùn)輸方式：一種是傳統(tǒng)的散貨運(yùn)輸；另一種是現(xiàn)代化的集裝箱運(yùn)輸。兩種不同的運(yùn)輸方式，分別使用不同的托運(yùn)單。1.散貨運(yùn)輸海運(yùn)出口托運(yùn)單各聯(lián)用途如下：第一聯(lián)

貨主（一般為出口人）留底；第二聯(lián)

船代理留底；第三聯(lián)

運(yùn)費(fèi)通知（1）；第四聯(lián)

運(yùn)費(fèi)通知（2）；第五聯(lián)

裝貨單，此聯(lián)經(jīng)船代理蓋章后即確認(rèn)貨已配定船只，船上工作人員憑以收受貨物；第六聯(lián)

收貸單（即大副收據(jù)），貨物裝上船后，大副在此聯(lián)上簽收，憑此向船公司或船代理換取全套正本提單：第七聯(lián)

外運(yùn)公司或承辦貨運(yùn)的單位留底；第八、第九聯(lián)

配船回單，由貨運(yùn)代理在船只配定后填好船名、關(guān)單號(hào)退回出口人；第十聯(lián)

繳納港務(wù)費(fèi)申請(qǐng)書，又稱“硬卡聯(lián)”，由港務(wù)部門留存，憑以計(jì)算港務(wù)費(fèi)用；第十一、第十二聯(lián)

備用聯(lián)，空白格式。2.集裝箱貨物托運(yùn)單又稱“場(chǎng)站收據(jù)”，是集裝箱運(yùn)輸專用出口單證，一式十二聯(lián)，性質(zhì)與散貨運(yùn)輸托運(yùn)單相同。

集裝箱貨物托運(yùn)單各聯(lián)用途如下：第一聯(lián)

貨主留底；第二聯(lián)

集裝箱貨物托運(yùn)單，船代理留底；第三聯(lián)

運(yùn)費(fèi)通知（1）；第四聯(lián)

運(yùn)費(fèi)通知（2）；第五聯(lián)

裝貨單，場(chǎng)站收據(jù)副本（第五聯(lián)正聯(lián)），附頁，繳納出口貨物港務(wù)費(fèi)申請(qǐng)書（第五聯(lián)附頁）第六聯(lián)

場(chǎng)站收據(jù)副本，大副聯(lián)；第七聯(lián)

場(chǎng)站收據(jù)；第八聯(lián)

貨運(yùn)代理留底；第九聯(lián)

配艙回單（1）；第十聯(lián)

配艙回單（2）；第十一、第十二聯(lián)

由貨主機(jī)動(dòng)使用。海運(yùn)出口貨物委托書由進(jìn)出口企業(yè)自行編制，填寫方法與海運(yùn)出口托運(yùn)單的有關(guān)欄目相同，可參考托運(yùn)單相關(guān)填制方法。Ⅱ.BillofLadingB/Lisareceiptthatacarrieroranagentissuestotheconsignorwhenreceivingconsignedgoods.Itisthemostwidely-usedandthemaindocument.Itaffirmsthatthegoodshavebeenreceivedorhavebeenloaded.Itisawrittenproofthatthegoodswillbeshippedtothedestinationandtotheconsignee.B/Lisalsotheproofbywhichtheconsigneegetsthegoodsfromthedestinationportorshippingcompany.ThenatureandfunctionsofB/L：①Cargoreceipt.②Aproofoftheshippingcontract.③Documentoftitle.ThepersonsinvolvedintheB/Lare：carrier,consignor,notifiedparty,assigneeandB/Lholder.TheB/Lisvalidonlyafteritissigned.Theissuingplaceshouldbetheshippingportofthegoods.Theissuingdateshouldbeinconsistentwiththedatewhentheloadingisfinished.TheB/Listhecargoreceipt,soanoriginalshouldbeissued.Butusually,threeoriginalsareissuedinthetradepracticeinrealterms.TherearedifferenttypesofB/Lduetodifferentperspectives.1.Whetherthegoodsareonboard.（1）OnBoardB/L;ShippedB/L.OnBoardB/Lisissuedafterthecarrierputsthegoodsonboard.ItsfeaturesarethatintheB/L,theremustbewordsaboutwhichship,shippingdateandmustbesignedbythecaptainoragent.Accordingtotheuniformcustomspracticedocumentarycredit,iftheL/CusesB/Lasthetransportreceipt,thebanksreceivetheB/Lthathasbeennotedthegoodsareonboardoronandesignatedship.Ininternationaltrade,thesellerareusuallyaskedtoprovideOnBoardB/L.（2）ReceivedforShipmentB/L.Alsocalled"receivedforshipmentbilloflading",itisusuallyissuedwhenthecarrierreceivesthegoodsandthegoodsarewaitingforshipment.UnderreceivedforShipmentB/L,theconsignorcanexchangeittotheonboardB/Lafterthegoodsareonboard.Also,afterthecarrieroragentsignsontheReceivedforShipmentB/Lthatthegoodsareonadesignatedshipwithshippingdate,theonboardB/Lcanbesignedandissued.2.Inaccordancewithwhetherthegoodsinapparentgoodorderornot（1）CleanBill.ItreferstotheBillsofLadingstatingthegoods“inapparentgoodorderandcondition”,whichtheshipperdoesnotgiveanyremarksaboutgoodsdamageorinsufficientlypacked.InaccordancewiththeUniformCustomandPracticeforDocumentaryCredits,unlesstheletterofcreditexplicitlystipulatestheacceptabletermsorremarks,banksonlyacceptCleanBill.CleanBillisthenecessaryqualificationintransferofbillsoflading.（2）UncleanBill.ItreferstotheBillsofLadingthatbearsremarkssuchas“insufficientlypacked”or“defective”.3.Inaccordancewiththeorderoftheconsignee（1）StraightBill（StraightB/L）.InStraightBill,thenameoftheconsigneeisdefinitelywritten,andthispersonaloneisentitledtotakedeliveryofgoods.DuetothefactthatthiskindofB/Lcannotbetransferredtothethirdpartyandcannotcirculate,therefore,itisrarelyusedininternationaltrade.（2）BearerBill（BearerB/L）.InBearerBill,thenameoftheconsigneeisnotwritten.Thiscolumnisonlyremarkedwith“Bearer”orblank.ThepersonwhobearstheB/Lcantakedeliveryofgoods.TheshipperdeliversgoodsonlybyB/L,notbyperson.（3）OrderBill（OrderB/L）.InthiskindofB/L,theconsigneecolumnismadeoutasfollows：“Toorder”,“Toorderof...”etc.ThiskindofB/Lisnegotiablebymeansofendorsement.Therefore,itisusedwidelyininternationaltrade.Endorsementcanbeclassifiedintostraightendorsementandblankendorsement.TheholderoftheB/LshallmakeasignatureandsealontheB/L,anddefinethenameofassignee.Thisiscalledstraightendorsement.IftheassigneewantstotransferthestraightendorsedB/L,anotherendorsementisneeded.IftheholderoftheB/LonlymakesasignatureandsealsontheB/Lbutdoesnotwritethenameofassignee,itiscalledbearerendorsementorblankendorsement.Inaddition,onthebasisofthewayoftransportation,theBillscanbeclassifiedintoDirectB/L,TransshipmentB/LandThroughB/L.Inaccordancewiththewaysofoperationofship,theBillscanbeclassifiedintoLinerB/LandCharterpartyB/L.AccordingtowhetherthecontentoftheBillissimpleornot,theBillscanbeclassifiedintoLongformB/LandShortformB/L.AccordingtotheuseefficiencyoftheBills,theycanbeclassifiedintoOriginalB/L,CopyB/L,ContainerB/L,CombinedTransportB/LandMultimodalTransportDocumentandsoon.二、海運(yùn)提單海運(yùn)提單（BillofLadingB/L）簡稱提單，是承運(yùn)人或其代理人在收到有關(guān)承運(yùn)貨物時(shí)簽發(fā)給托運(yùn)人的一種收據(jù)，是目前海運(yùn)業(yè)務(wù)中使用最為廣泛和主要的運(yùn)輸單據(jù)。它是證明托運(yùn)的貨物已經(jīng)收到，或已經(jīng)裝載到船上，并允諾將其運(yùn)往指定目的地交付收貨人的書面憑證。海運(yùn)提單也是收貨人在目的港據(jù)以向船公司或其代理人提取貨物的憑證。海運(yùn)提單具有以下性質(zhì)和作用：①貨物收據(jù)；②運(yùn)輸契約的證明；③物權(quán)憑證。海運(yùn)提單的關(guān)系人有承運(yùn)人、托運(yùn)人、收貨人、被通知方、受讓人、持單人。提單必須經(jīng)過簽署才能產(chǎn)生效力。提單的簽發(fā)地點(diǎn)為貨物的裝船港，提單的簽發(fā)日期應(yīng)當(dāng)是貨物實(shí)際裝船完畢的日期。提單是貨物收據(jù)，最好簽發(fā)一份正本，但實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)中通常都簽發(fā)三份正本。海運(yùn)提單，從不同的角度劃分可以將提單分為不同的種類。1.按是否已裝船劃分（1）已裝船提單（OnBoardB/L；ShippedB/L）。它是指承運(yùn)人已將貨物裝上指定船舶后所簽發(fā)的提單，其特點(diǎn)是提單上必須以文字表明貨物已裝在某條船上，并載有裝船日期，同時(shí)還應(yīng)由船長或其代理人簽字。根據(jù)《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》規(guī)定，如信用證要求海運(yùn)提單作為運(yùn)輸單據(jù)，銀行將接受注明貨物已裝船或已裝指定船舶的提單。在國際貿(mào)易中，一般要求賣方提供已裝船提單。（2）備運(yùn)提單（ReceivedforShipmentB/L）。它又稱收訖待運(yùn)提單，是指承運(yùn)人已收到托運(yùn)貨物等待裝運(yùn)期間所簽發(fā)的提單。在簽發(fā)備運(yùn)提單情況下，發(fā)貨人可在貨物裝船后憑以調(diào)換已裝船提單；也或經(jīng)承運(yùn)人或其代理人在備運(yùn)提單上批注貨物已裝上某具名船舶及裝船日期，并簽署后使之成為已裝船提單。2.按提單上對(duì)貨物外表狀況有無不良批注（1）清潔提單（CleanB/L）是指貨物在裝船時(shí)“表面狀況良好”，承運(yùn)人在提單上未加注任何