高考二輪復習英語試題（新高考新教材）考點分類練（十一）　詞句猜測題代詞指代類

考點分類練(十一)詞句猜測題——代詞指代類A(2021·山東淄博一模)Severalyearsago,whensomeoneusedcameracoverstoprotectagainstpossiblemonitoring,itwasnotpopulartotalkaboutit.Today,peopleusevarioustypesoftapestocoverthewebcamerasandmicrophones.Therearemanytypesofspywarethatcandiveintoourdevicesandsecretlyspyonthem,recordingeverythingtheydo.Suchprogrammesmayinfectnotonlyputersbutalsosmartphones.YourdatamaybeusedbyhackerswhowilltrytorequestmoneyfornotexposingyourprivateinformationorbypanieslikeNSOGroupwhocreatedakindofspywareto“provideauthorisedgovernmentswithtechnologythathelpsstruggleagainstterrorandcrime”.Inmyopinion,theprotectiontechniqueishighlyoverestimated.Userstapethecamerasandmicrophonesthroughlackofunderstandingofhowtheirdevicesworkandhowthemalware(惡意軟件)works.Hackersandevensecretservicesdonothaveenoughresourcestomonitorallvictimsusingthecamerasormicrophones.Iftheyneedtogetanyinformation,theygetitbysendingatargetedvirustoyourdevice,whichwillnotbestoppedbythetapes.Suchaviruswillfindwhattosteal—frompersonalphotosandvideostopasswordsfromsocialnetworks,browserhistory,bankaccountsandsoon.Itisunwisetobelievethatattackerswillnotbeabletofindawaytospyonyou,evenifthedevice,dischargedtozero,canstilldeliverdataaboutyourlocation,usingthesmartphonesofthesurroundingpeopleassignalrepeaters.Letusfaceit:weliveinanerawhenitisextremelydifficulttohidesomethingandapieceoftapeisclearlynotthemostusefultoolinthestruggleforyourprivacy.Again,tobeabletospyonyou,attackersneedtoplantthemalwareinyourdevice.Topreventthemalwarefromenteringyourdevice,donotclicksuspectedlinksandemailattachments.Usestrongpasswordsforemail,socialmediaandonlinebankaccounts.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph2referto?A.Cameras.B.Types.C.Programmes. D.Devices.2.WhatisNSOGroup?A.Agroupofhackers.B.Apanydevelopingspyware.C.Agroupofterroristsandcriminals.D.Apanyfightingagainstcrime.3.Whydoestheauthorthink“theprotectiontechniqueishighlyoverestimated”?A.Peopleknowlittleabouttheirdevices.B.Hackershavenoaccesstoothers.C.Ithardlypreventsthemalwarefromgettingprivacy.D.Itcan’tcoverthecameraspletely.BEversinceshereceivedalittletoyairlinerasabirthdaygift,Katehasbeenattractedbyflight.Fromflyingremotecontrolledairplanestobuildingherownmodelones,Katehasalwaysconsideredflyingaplaneoneofherpassions,butonlyuntilrecentlyhasshebeenabletotakethattonewheights.WhenKateheardabouttheUpwindScholarshipfromherschoolcounselor,sheknewitwasanextraordinaryopportunitytorealiseherdream.Theprogramme’smissionistoprovideallthetrainingnecessarytoobtainaprivatepilot’slicense(PPL)forstudentsinbetweentheirjuniorandsenioryearofhighschoolfreeofcharge.Afterpletingalengthyapplicationandhersubsequentacceptanceintotheprogramme,Katebeganhertraininglastspring.Normally,recipientsofthescholarshipwouldattendgroundschoolinpersonwheretheylearnthefundamentalsofflying.Duetothepandemic,however,Katespenthourseachweekendstudyingonlinelessonsinherroomwhenevershegotabreakfromhomework.Oncesummercamearound,Kateandthreepeersputintwostraightweeksofgroundschool,reviewingflighttrainingfromninetofiveeveryday.“Itwasthetoughestpartoftheprogramme,”Katesaid.Afterpletingthatportionofgroundschool,KatewasfinallyabletobeginflyingattheSanCarlosAirportwiththeotherscholarshiprecipientsfromaroundtheBayArea.Flying,especiallyforfirsttimerslikeKate,isahandsonprocessinvolvinglotsofcheckliststomakesuretheimportanttasksarebeingtakencareof.Now,havingfinishedtheprogrammeandearnedherPPL,Kateplansontrainingasaflightinstructorandhopestobeeanairlinepilotinherfuture.ShecreditstheUpwindScholarshiptoallshe’sbeenabletoacplishsofarandhopesthatanyonewhosharesherpassionwilllookintoit.“Itisaveryhardscholarshiptowin,andyouhavetobetrulyinterestedinflight,”Katesaid.“Itcan’tbesomethinglike‘Oh,whydon’tItryflyingthissummer?’Youhavetobereadytodoalotofworkandputeffortintosucceedingintheprogramme.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph1referto?A.Herskillofbuildingmodelairplanes.B.Herwishtotravelaroundtheworld.C.Herchildhooddreamofbeingapilot.D.Herdesiretoflyremotecontrolledairplanes.5.WhatisthegoaloftheUpwindScholarship?A.Tohelpstudentsinneedtoachievetheirdreams.B.Toprovidenecessarytrainingforprivatepilotsforfree.C.Togivestudentsexpertadviceonearningascholarship.D.Topreparehighschoolstudentstobeeaprivatepilot.6.WhatdidKatedoingroundschool?A.Shetookonlinelessonsonflying.B.Shewentoverthefundamentalsofflying.C.Shedidsomeresearchintothepandemic.D.Shefinishedapplyingfortheprogramme.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKate?A.Confidentandaggressive.B.Strongwilledandpatient.C.Demandingandcourageous.D.Ambitiousandhardworking.C(2021·河北秦皇島二模)Everyfourorfiveyears,vastquantitiesofwarmwaterbuildupalongthewestcoastofSouthAmerica.Thisphenomenon,ElNi?o,createsstormsthatcausedestructivefloods.Theresultiscostly.ModernfarmersetotermswithElNi?o.Theyusemoneysavedingoodyearstorebuildinbadones.Buthistorysuggestsitneednotbelikethat.Inapaperpublishedrecently,AriCaramanica,anarchaeologistinLima,showshowitusedtobedone.Andtheanswerseemstobe“better”.DrCaramanicaandhercolleagueshavebeenstudyingthePampadeMocan,acoastaldesertplaininnorthernPeru.Itisnotsuitableforfarming.ItssoilcontainslittleorganicmatterandtheannualrainfallinnonNi?oyearsisusuallylessthantwocentimetres.Today’sfarmersthereforedependoncanalstocarrywaterfromlocalriverstotheirfields.Ithadbeenassumedthatancientfarmershadasimilararrangement—andsotheydid.ButDrCaramanicaalsofoundeightcanalsthatcouldcarrywaterfarbeyondtherangeofmodernfarms.ShethoughtthattheywereintendedtoguidethefloodwatersarrivingduringNi?oyears.AroundaquarteroftheancientagriculturalinfrastructureofthisareaseemedtohavebeenbuiltonlyformanagingNi?ogeneratedfloodwaters.Evidencefrompollensupportsthistheory,revealingthatthePampadeMocanproducedlotsofcropsinsomeyears,whileremainingnearlybarreninothers.Theteamalsouncoveredtwocisterns(蓄水箱)intheareaservicedbytheextendedcanals.These,probably,wereusedtostoreextrafloodwaters.Thesefindingssuggestthat,ratherthanresistingElNi?o,earlyfarmersinthePampadeMocanwerereadytomakeuseofitwhenitarrived.Modernfarmersmightdowelltolearnfromthem.8.Whatdoestherecentstudyfocuson?A.LivingwithElNi?o.B.EffectsofElNi?o.C.Farminginthedesert.D.WatershortageinPeru.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph4referto?A.Ancientfarmers. B.Rivers.C.Farms. D.Canals.10.Whatlessoncanbelearnedfromearlyfarmers?A.Everyadvantagehasitsdisadvantage.B.Ineverydifficultyliesanopportunity.C.Sharptoolsmakegoodwork.D.It’snevertoolatetomend.11.Inwhichsectionofawebsitemaythistextappear?A.Education. B.Travel.C.Business. D.Science.考點分類練(十一)詞句猜測題——代詞指代類【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述的是如何保護我們設備上的隱私。1.D解析代詞指代題。根據第二段的“Therearemanytypesofspywarethatcandiveintoourdevicesandsecretlyspyonthem,recordingeverythingtheydo.”可知,有許多類型的間諜軟件可以潛入我們的設備并秘密監(jiān)視它們,記錄它們所做的一切。由此推知,畫線詞them指代的是前面提到的devices。故選D項。2.B解析推理判斷題。根據第二段的“...bypanieslikeNSOGroupwhocreatedakindofspywareto‘provideauthorisedgovernmentswithtechnologythathelpsstruggleagainstterrorandcrime’.”可知,這些公司研發(fā)某種間諜軟件,為所授權的政府提供有助于打擊恐怖行動和犯罪的科技。故選B項。3.C解析推理判斷題。由題干信息可定位到文章第三段的首句,且根據第三段的“Iftheyneedtogetanyinformation,theygetitbysendingatargetedvirustoyourdevice,whichwillnotbestoppedbythetapes.Suchaviruswillfindwhattosteal—frompersonalphotosandvideostopasswordsfromsocialnetworks,browserhistory,bankaccountsandsoon.”可知,這種保護技術很難阻止惡意軟件獲取隱私。故選C項?！菊Z篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了凱特從小就愛好飛行,以及她為了實現(xiàn)成為一名飛行員的夢想所做出的努力。4.C解析代詞指代題。根據畫線詞前一句提到的Katehasalwaysconsideredflyingaplaneoneofherpassions和第二段開頭提到的itwasanextraordinaryopportunitytorealiseherdream可知,凱特從小就愛好飛行,駕駛飛機是她的夢想。由此推測,that指代“她想成為一名飛行員的夢想”。故選C項。5.D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段的“Theprogramme’smissionistoprovideallthetrainingnecessar