語法填空-針對學(xué)生實際的備考方法探討

TeachingObjectsToanalyze:CommonmistakesPossiblereasonsPossiblesolutions第一頁第二頁，共22頁。Heisstudent.Heintheclassroomstudy.Hebybiketogotoschool.Heisreadingunderthesun.Therearemanystudentsstudyintheclassroom.Becausehegotuplate,sohecouldn’tcatchthebus.Myhometownhappenedgreatchanges.Grammarornot？母語影響大語法觀念淡薄第二頁第三頁，共22頁。

“語法填空”要求考生閱讀一篇短文，然后完成10項語法填空。內(nèi)容包括根據(jù)句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文連貫的要求

填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語；或

使用括號中詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空。“語法填空”考查考生在上理解并應(yīng)用語法知識的能力，考試采用填空的形式，而不是選擇填空。“語法填空”要求考生必須具備較好的能力，而不只是語法辨析能力。[題型說明]

語法填空語篇層面語法分析第三頁第四頁，共22頁?？疾閷W(xué)生是否能理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和句子意義的邏輯性。需分析:

句子的構(gòu)成成分（包括句子的基本成分和擴展成分）；

句子成分之間的一致性，比如，主謂一致、時態(tài)一致等；

句子的篇章制約;

句子的意義制約。[考點分析]語境+語法第四頁第五頁，共22頁。句子結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：非謂語動詞(擴展成分)句子的篇章制約：代詞指稱句子的意義制約：語境意義Thirty-twopeoplewatchedKittyGenovese1

beingkilled(kill)rightbelowtheirwindows.Shewas2theirneighbor.Yet3noneofthe32helpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.第五頁第六頁，共22頁。IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar31_______(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto32______shouldhavethehonorofreceivingme33_____aguestintheirhouse.Finally,Iacceptedtheofferofanoldwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme34_______(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto35_______smalltownsome20kilometresaway36_______therewasagarage.Ihadnoticedthreehensrunningfreeinmyhostess'scourtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.37_______villagersbroughtmegoat'scheeseandhoney.Wedranktogetherandtalked38_______(merry)tillfarintothenight.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman39_______thetroubleIhadcaused40_____.brokewhoassettledawhereOthermerrilyforher句子結(jié)構(gòu)：謂語wasbroken(34);broken(25);句子結(jié)構(gòu)：分句層次Whom（36）句子結(jié)構(gòu)：擴展成份（意義制約）with(13);for(9);句子結(jié)構(gòu)：擴展成份tosettle(27);settle(20);意義制約the(40);句子結(jié)構(gòu)：分句層次from(32);because(13);篇章制約：代詞指稱The(45);Some(40;merried(9);merries(6);句子結(jié)構(gòu)：擴展成份what(12);…篇章制約：代詞指稱to(37);before(25);句子結(jié)構(gòu)：詞類轉(zhuǎn)換第六頁第七頁，共22頁。ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeople’sdailylife.31________theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop32________(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.Itissaidthatashort—temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960—1279)wasveryanxioustohelp33______ricecropgrowupquickly.Hewasthinkingabout34_______dayandnight.Butthecropwasgrowingmuchslowerthanheexpected.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea35________hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.Hewasverytired36_____doingthisforawholeday,37_____hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”38________(high).Hissonheardaboutthisandwenttoseethecrop.Unfortunatelytheleavesofthecropbegantowither.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir39__________(nature)course.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften40__________(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.Behindtohelphisthisthatafterbuthighernaturalresults意義制約：意義關(guān)系In(37);And(24);擴展成份；意義制約helps(21);helping(7);篇章制約the(61);篇章制約it(109);句子結(jié)構(gòu)：分句層次which(5);意義制約：語境意義of(52);to(13);意義制約：分句邏輯意義關(guān)系and(2);語境意義；構(gòu)詞highly(17);句子結(jié)構(gòu)：詞類轉(zhuǎn)換nature(4);naturely(3);句子結(jié)構(gòu)：謂語resulted(33);result(11);第七頁第八頁，共22頁。上下文的線索，篇章的連貫。沒聯(lián)系上下文；或聯(lián)系脫節(jié)。語境意識不強。代詞(pronoun)07年37題：Othervillagersbroughtmegoat’scheeseandhoney.

40題：…thetroubleIhadcausedher.08年33題：…anxioustohelphisricecropgrowupquickly.

34題：Hewasthinkingaboutthis

dayandnight.第八頁第九頁，共22頁。均屬句子的擴展成份。意義制約固定短語必須能運用自如介詞（preposition)07年33題：receivingmeasaguest

39題：Iwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetrouble….08年31題：Behind

theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.36題：Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday.第九頁第十頁，共22頁。從句(clause)07年32題：…werearguingastowhoshouldhavethehonorof….

36題：…asmalltownsome20kilometresawaywheretherewasagarage.08年35題：…h(huán)ecameupwithanideathathewouldpluckup….一般考關(guān)聯(lián)詞；找出謂語動詞；分清楚句子層次；理清分句關(guān)系；克服干擾，劃掉修飾成分第十頁第十一頁，共22頁。學(xué)會分辨各個非謂語形式所表達的基本意義慣用表達(例只能接動名詞作賓語的；只能接不定式作賓語;動詞接不同的非謂語形式作賓補的不同意義等）動詞的基本用法（例是否及物動詞）非謂語動詞（Non-predicateverbs)07年34題：Whileshewasgettingmesettled(settle)into….08年32題：…“pluckingupacroptohelp(help)itgrow”,…第十一頁第十二頁，共22頁。時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致基本時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在，過去，將來及進行和完成形式（共9種）和它們各自的被動形式。不規(guī)則動詞的變化形式。謂語動詞(predicateverbs)07年31題：…whenmycarbroke(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.08年40題：Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoftenresults

(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.第十二頁第十三頁，共22頁。構(gòu)詞(word-formation)07年38題：Wedranktogetherandtalkedmerrily(merry)tillfarintothenight.08年38題：…h(huán)efeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher

(high).

39題：…letthingsgointheirnatural(nature)course.規(guī)則較多;容易混淆，隨意變化詞匯知識不扎實。熟悉四會單詞的意義、拼寫和詞性。掌握基本的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。第十三頁第十四頁，共22頁。冠詞(article)07年35題：…topullittoasmalltownsome20kilometresaway…除特殊用法外，分清泛指和特指是關(guān)鍵。意義理解上下文第十四頁第十五頁，共22頁。并列連詞(conjunction)08年37題：Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher.比較容易；關(guān)鍵是理清分句的關(guān)系謂語動詞第十五頁第十六頁，共22頁。盲點：1.篇章的連貫；上下文的呼應(yīng)；只見樹木不見森林。缺乏語篇連貫理解的習(xí)慣，語境意識不強。Possiblesolution:瞻前顧后；遇到要填介詞或代詞的題的時候更加要注意從總體上把握全文；從上下文中去找答案