Unit10單元知識(shí)清單SectionB(基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)寫作)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)（人教版）

Unit10單元知識(shí)清單SectionB基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)清單Words1. experience經(jīng)驗(yàn);經(jīng)歷2. travel旅行;游歷3. agent代理人;經(jīng)紀(jì)人4. step步;步驟5. angry發(fā)怒的;生氣的6. unless除非;如果不7. normal正常的;一般的8. else別的;其他的9. wallet錢包10. mile英里11. himself他自己12. certainly無(wú)疑;肯定13. teenager(1319歲的)青少年14. understanding善解人意的;體諒人的15. careless粗心的;不小心的16. trust相信;信任17. mistake錯(cuò)誤;失誤Phrases1. makemistakes犯錯(cuò)誤2. travelaroundtheworld全世界旅行3. keep...tooneself守秘密4. getaneducation受教育5. solveaproblem解決一個(gè)問(wèn)題6. makemoney賺錢7. advisesb.Todosth.建議某人做某事8. keepdoingsth.堅(jiān)持做某事9. behalfwaytosolvingaproblem在解決問(wèn)題的途中10. cutitinhalf把它切成兩半Sentences1. Ithinkyoushouldgotocollege.2. Ifpeoplehaveproblems,theyshouldtalktootherpeople.3. Unlesswetalktosomeone,we'llcertainlyfeelworse.4. InEnglish,wesaythatsharingaproblemislikecuttingitinhalf.5. It'sbestnottorunawayfromourproblems.6. RobertHuntadvisesstudentsaboutmonproblems.7. Hethinksthefirststepistofindsomeoneyoutrusttotalkto.8. Soyou'rehalfwaytosolvingaproblembyjusttalkingtosomeoneaboutit!Writing煩惱與建議二、知識(shí)點(diǎn)清單知識(shí)點(diǎn)①：[教材原句]Unlesswetalktosomeone,we'llcertainlyfeelworse.如果我們不找從聊聊,我們肯定會(huì)感覺(jué)更糟。unless

conj.

unless是從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，含有否定意義，相當(dāng)于if條件狀語(yǔ)從句的否定形式。所以u(píng)nless=ifnot。You’llbelateunlessyougoatonce.如果你不立即走，你會(huì)遲到?！疽族e(cuò)點(diǎn)撥】unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句和if條件狀語(yǔ)從句，與其它時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句一樣，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。Unless:conj.除非,如果不Unlessyoutakemorecare,you’llhaveanaccident.

如果不多加小心的話，你會(huì)出事故的。Mybabysisternevercriesunlesssheishungry.

我那剛出生的妹妹除非餓了，否則她是從來(lái)不哭的。知識(shí)點(diǎn)②：exercise的用法（1）作為不可數(shù)名詞，意為“鍛煉”。作為可數(shù)名詞，意為“練習(xí)（題）；（廣播/眼保）操等”。Manyoldpeopledoexerciseeverymorningtokeephealthy.很多老人每天早晨鍛煉來(lái)保持健康。Wedoeyeexerciseseveryday.我們每天都做眼保操。（2）作為動(dòng)詞，意為“鍛煉”。Manyoldpeopleexerciseeverymorningtokeephealthy.很多老人每天早晨鍛煉來(lái)保持健康。知識(shí)點(diǎn)③：[教材原句]IfItellmyparents,they’llbeangry.如果我告訴我的父母，他們會(huì)生氣的背例句學(xué)搭配Iwasangrywithhimformakingsuchastupidmistake.我因?yàn)樗噶诉@樣一個(gè)言蠢的錯(cuò)誤而對(duì)他很生氣。Hewasangryaboutthedelay.他對(duì)延誤感到氣憤。Theteacherisangrythattheboyisalwayslateforschool.老師因那個(gè)男孩上學(xué)總是遲到而生氣固定搭配①beangrywithsb.生某人的氣搭配收酸子②beangryaboutsth.對(duì)某事感到氣憤③beangry+that從句因...."而感到生氣(從句表示生氣的原因)聯(lián)想拓展angry是形容詞,其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)分別為angrier和angriest。angrily是angry的副詞形式。Annaisangrywithherfatherbecausehedoesn'tletherplaywithfriends安娜因?yàn)榘职植蛔屗团笥褌円黄鹜娑臍?。知識(shí)點(diǎn)④：experience（1）experience作名詞的用法(1)經(jīng)歷，閱歷（可數(shù)）Ihadaratheroddexperiencetheotherday.前些天我有一次相當(dāng)神奇的經(jīng)歷。PleasetellusaboutyourexperienceinAfrica.請(qǐng)跟我們說(shuō)說(shuō)你在非洲的經(jīng)歷。（2）經(jīng)驗(yàn)+of/in）（不可數(shù)）Shehadnoexperienceoflifeatall.她毫無(wú)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)。不可數(shù)名詞意為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”Hehasrichexperienceinteaching.他在教學(xué)上有豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)?？蓴?shù)名詞意為“經(jīng)歷”Myunclehasmanyunusualexperiences.我的叔叔有許多不尋常的經(jīng)歷。知識(shí)點(diǎn)⑤：[教材原句]Herdadsaidhesometimesmadecarelessmistakeshimself.她的爸爸說(shuō)他自己有時(shí)候也犯粗心的錯(cuò)誤。常見用法教材原句中mistake作名詞,意為"錯(cuò)誤",常見搭配有makeamistake(犯錯(cuò)),correctamistake(改正錯(cuò)誤),admitone'smistake(承認(rèn)某人的錯(cuò)誤)。mistake也可以作動(dòng)詞,意為"弄錯(cuò);誤解”。Therearesomespellingmistakesinyourhomework.你的作業(yè)里有一些拼寫錯(cuò)誤。背例句學(xué)搭配Hemadeamistakeinhisanswer.他在他的回答中犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。Itookyourbaginsteadofminebymistake.我錯(cuò)誤地拿了你的包而不是我的包。Peopleoftenmistakeherforhertwinsister.人們經(jīng)常把她錯(cuò)當(dāng)成她的雙胞胎妹妹。固定搭配①makeamistakein...在..中犯錯(cuò)誤②bymistake錯(cuò)誤地③mistakeAforB把A錯(cuò)當(dāng)成B知識(shí)點(diǎn)⑥：keep....tooneself意為“保守秘密”如：Onemustkeepsuchintereststooneself.有這類愛好不該讓人知道。Weshouldkeeptheirworriestothemselves.我們應(yīng)該為他們的憂慮保守秘密。keep....tooneself還可意為“不與人來(lái)往；不交際”，keepsb./sth.away(使)避開；(使)不靠近例：Pleasekeepthetrashaway.請(qǐng)將垃圾放遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)。【重點(diǎn)】keep的用法：1).keep＋名詞/形容詞保持……Runningisagoodwaytokeephealthy.跑步是保持健康的一種好方法。2).keep＋賓語(yǔ)＋形容詞使……保持某種狀態(tài)Wemustkeeptheroomclean.我們必須保持這個(gè)房間干凈。3).keep(on)doingsth.不斷地做某事Ikept(on)thinkingaboutthematchintheafternoon.我總是想著下午的比賽。4).keepsb.doingsth.使某人一直做某事Ikeptthemwaitingatthegate.我讓他們?cè)诖箝T口一直等著。5).keepsb./sth.fromdoingsth.防止或阻止某人/物做某事 Wemustkeepthemfromgettingtoknowourplans.我們必須設(shè)法防止他們知道我們的計(jì)劃。拓展：keep構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)keepdoingsth一直做某事keepsb/sthdoingsth使某人/某事一直做某事keepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事keepupwith跟上keepinmind記住keepon繼續(xù)知識(shí)點(diǎn)⑦：[教材原句]Herdadsaidhesometimesmadecarelessmistakeshimself.她的爸爸說(shuō)他自己有時(shí)候也犯粗心的錯(cuò)誤。常見用法himself是he的反身代詞,指“他自己"。當(dāng)一個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí),賓語(yǔ)一般要用反身代詞。反身代詞也可以放在主語(yǔ)后表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。其常見的短語(yǔ)為byoneself,意為“獨(dú)自地;全靠某人自己地"。第三人稱單數(shù)代詞he,she和it的反身代詞分別都是由其賓格和self構(gòu)成,即himself,herself和itself.Shecutherself,她割傷自己了。ThepresidenthimselfisonavisittoBeijing總統(tǒng)本人正在訪問(wèn)北京。Helivesallbyhimselfinthatlargehouse.他獨(dú)自住在那所大房子里。知識(shí)點(diǎn)⑨：careful[教材原句]Theygotheranewwalletandaskedhertobemorecareful.他們給她買了一個(gè)新錢包，還讓她再小心些。常見用法careful是形容詞,可用在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ),也可用在名詞前作定語(yǔ)?？谡Z(yǔ)中提醒別人要小心時(shí)常用becareful,意為"當(dāng)心;小心"。Becarefulthefloor'sslippery.小心地板很滑。背例句學(xué)搭配Maryiscarefulaboutwhatsheeats.瑪麗對(duì)她吃的東西很小心。Youshouldbecarefultodealwithsuchkindofmetal.你應(yīng)該小心處置這種金屬。固定搭配①becarefulabout...對(duì).....小心②becarefultodosth,小心做某事聯(lián)想拓展careful的副詞形式是carefully,意為“小心地;仔細(xì)地"。careless意為"粗心的;不小心的",是careful的反義詞。less為形容詞否定后綴,類似的詞有meaningless,helpless,homeless,selfless(無(wú)私的)等。Becarefulwhenyouwalkonthestreet.在街上走路時(shí)要小心。知識(shí)點(diǎn)10：afraidafraid的用法作為形容詞，意為“害怕的；擔(dān)心的”。常用于以下表達(dá)中：=1\*GB3①beafraidofsb./sth.“害怕某人/物”I’mafraidofsnakes.我怕蛇。=2\*GB3②beafraidtodosth.“（因?yàn)楹ε露┎桓易瞿呈拢缓ε伦瞿呈隆盩omwasafraidtogoacrossthewoodenbridge.湯姆害怕過(guò)木橋。=3\*GB3③beafraidofdoingsth.“害怕做某事”I’mafraidofaskingmyteachersforhelp.我害怕向老師尋求幫助。eq\o\ac(○,4)I'mafraid(that)…意為“恐怕……”，表示一種委婉的語(yǔ)氣，常用于禮貌地拒絕別人。其中afraid為形容詞，意為“擔(dān)心的；害怕的”，常作表語(yǔ)。例如：I'mafraid(that)hecan'te.恐怕他不能來(lái)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)11：trust[教材原句]Hethinksthefirststepistofindsomeoneyoutrusttotalkto.他認(rèn)為第一步是找到你信任的某個(gè)人談一談。trust作動(dòng)詞時(shí),意為“相信;信任",其后可以直接跟名詞、代詞等作賓語(yǔ)。其作名詞表示“信任；新來(lái)；相信”時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞Idon'ttrusthim.我不信任他。Canwetrustthesedata?我們能相信這些數(shù)據(jù)嗎?背例句學(xué)搭配Youshouldn'tputyourtrustinamanlikethat你不應(yīng)該相信像那樣的一個(gè)男人。Canwetrustthemtolookafterthehouse?我們能信任他們照看房子嗎?Youcan'ttrustthetrainstorunontime.你不能指望火車會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)運(yùn)行。Iwouldn'ttrusthimwiththekeys我不會(huì)放心把鑰匙交給他。固定搭配①putone'strustinsb.信任某人②trustsb.todosth.信任某人做某事③truststh,todosth.相信某物做某事;相信某物會(huì)正常工作④trustsb.withsth.把某物托付給/放心交給某人知識(shí)點(diǎn)12：else[教材原句]Whoelsecanyougetadvicefrom?你還能從誰(shuí)那兒獲得建議呢?常見用法else為副詞,意為"別的;其他的",常用在疑問(wèn)代詞和不定代詞后。There'ssomethingelseI'dliketotalkaboutaswell，我還有一些其他事情也想談一談。IfIcan'ttrustyou,whoelsecanItrust?我要是不能相信你,我還能相信誰(shuí)呢?易混辨析else與other的用法區(qū)別other作形容詞,意為"其他的",后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式;而else是副詞,常位于疑問(wèn)代詞和不定代詞后。Whatotherthingsdidyouseeinthebigbox?你看到那個(gè)大箱子里面還有什么別的東西?Whatelsedidyouseeinthebigbox?你看到那個(gè)大箱子里面還有別的什么?知識(shí)點(diǎn)13：understandingadj.善解人意的；體諒人的Mr.Liisaveryunderstandingperson.李先生是一位很善解人意的人?！就卣埂縿?dòng)詞形式為understand（understood，understood）vi.理解；懂得；熟悉

vt.理解；懂；獲悉；推斷；省略Hedidnotunderstandtheimportanceofthisquestion.他不理解這個(gè)問(wèn)題的重要性。Weunderstandthatyou'llbereturningnextyear.我們聽說(shuō)你明年要回來(lái)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)14：beworriedabout為……擔(dān)憂【解析】beworriedabout意為“擔(dān)心”，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，后面接名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。其中worried是形容詞，意為“擔(dān)心的；擔(dān)憂的”。Weareallworriedaboutherhealth.我們都為她的健康擔(dān)憂?！就卣埂縲orry作動(dòng)詞，意為“擔(dān)心；擔(dān)憂”，worryabout意為“擔(dān)心”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。Don'tworryabouther.Shecanpassthetestbecauseshestudieshard.不要擔(dān)心她。因?yàn)樗W(xué)習(xí)，她可以通過(guò)考試的。三、單元寫作【話題分析】本單元的寫作內(nèi)容是描述自己在學(xué)業(yè)、人際交往中的一些煩惱以及生活中出現(xiàn)的一些問(wèn)題，并針對(duì)這些煩惱和問(wèn)題征求或提出建議。寫此類文章時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1. 關(guān)于征求建議和提出建議的文章通常使用書信體，這是人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪谐Ｓ玫膽?yīng)用文體。2. 征求建議時(shí)要明確闡明自己面臨的問(wèn)題及自己的困惑。3. 建議信要給人真誠(chéng)、親切的感覺(jué)，建議要中肯、有針對(duì)性?！镜湫屠}】假設(shè)你叫張明。寒假即將來(lái)臨，你的朋友Mike正在為假期計(jì)劃而犯愁。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列要點(diǎn)提示，給他寫一封信，并提出一些合理的建議。不少于70詞。有很多作業(yè)要做，但又想去度假；想購(gòu)買一塊自己喜歡已久的手表，但是沒(méi)有足夠的錢；想幫助父母，但不知道該如何做?！舅悸伏c(diǎn)撥】使用書信體。第一段要包含以下內(nèi)容：寒暄、同感、安慰和過(guò)渡句。第二段針對(duì)對(duì)方的煩惱和問(wèn)題提出中肯的建議。結(jié)尾要表達(dá)美好的祝愿。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【高分模板】DearMike,Thankyouforwritingtome.①Icanunderstandyourfeelings.Don’tworryaboutyourproblems.Hereissomeusefuladviceforyou.②Firstofall,③ifyoureallywanttotakeatrip,youshouldfinishyourhomeworkfirst.Thenyou’llhaveagreattime.Asforthewatch,whydon’tyougetaparttimejobtomakesomemoneytobuyit?Finally,Ithinkyoucanhelpyourparentsdosomehousework,suchasdoingthedishesandcleaningthehouse.④Ihopemyadvicecanhelpyouandyouwillhaveawonderfulholiday.I’mlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,ZhangMing【名師點(diǎn)評(píng)】=1\*GB3①開頭用簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)同感、進(jìn)行安慰，拉近了與對(duì)方的距離，給人以信任感。最后一句為過(guò)渡句，起到承上啟下的作用。=2\*GB3②作者以firstofall,asfor和finally依次引出了題目要求中的三個(gè)煩惱，并提出了自己的建議。=3\*GB3③作者很好地運(yùn)用了本單元所學(xué)的if條件句及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should。④結(jié)尾與開頭呼應(yīng)，并表達(dá)美好的祝愿，使文章的整體性更強(qiáng)?！舅夭姆e累】【常用短語(yǔ)】寒假:thewintervacation/holiday去旅行:takeatrip/goonatrip至于……:asfor...說(shuō)到……:speakingof...假期愉快:haveagoodvacation/holiday期盼你的早日回復(fù):lookforwardtoyourearlyreply【常用句子】Youcan/could…You’dbetter…Whynot…?Whydon’tyou…?What/Howabout…?IfIwereyou,Iwould…It’sgoodforyouto…Doingsth.isagoodidea.2.其他Iunderstandhowyoufeel.Don’tworry.Icanhelpyou.Ihopemyadvicecanhelpyou.【小試身手】假如你叫Tom,你的朋友John在學(xué)習(xí)上、生活方面遇到一些問(wèn)題和困擾，他很焦慮。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容提示給他寫一封電子郵件，給他一些建議幫助他克服焦慮。提示：=1\*GB3①每個(gè)人都會(huì)有苦惱、焦慮的時(shí)候；=2\*GB3②要找人訴說(shuō)你的煩惱；=3\*GB3③遇到困難可以和同學(xué)們，老師，家長(zhǎng)交流。=4\*GB3④可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮內(nèi)容。80詞左右。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________