定語從句(經(jīng)典)

Grammar定語從句精講〔限制性定語從句〕編輯課件Attributiveclause(限制性定語從句)

先行詞和關(guān)系詞定語從句

關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語從句

關(guān)系代詞的使用方法

定語從句中需注意事項(xiàng)

附加部分習(xí)題編輯課件定語可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語等來擔(dān)任，修飾名詞。(以分詞、介詞短語為例〕例：ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.Themandrivingtoofastwasadrunk.

定語從句在英語中，修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫定語從句。例：Thegirlwhoisbehindthetree

isKate.

Themanwhowasdrivingtoofast

wasadrunk.編輯課件先行詞和關(guān)系詞先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。先行詞、關(guān)系詞/引導(dǎo)詞{對(duì)等}

代替

Thatisthebikewhichmyfatherboughtforme.

先行詞＝關(guān)系詞

bike關(guān)系詞的作用：既引導(dǎo)定語從句，又在定語從句中充當(dāng)某種成分。編輯課件關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語從句普通代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別Ihaveasister.SheworksinShanghai.代替sisterIhaveasisterwho/thatworksinShanghai.普通代詞：只起代替的作用〔如上例she)關(guān)系代詞：〔如上例who/which〕

1.除了代替先行詞外，2.它還在定語從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分，3.同時(shí)連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語從句?！舶阎骶浜蛷木溥B起來〕編輯課件

說明如下Thebuildingisourschool.+Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.=Thebuilding

which/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool.

先行詞

關(guān)系詞從句

which、that

是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中代替先行詞thebuilding,

同時(shí)擔(dān)任從句中的主語，也起連詞的作用，把兩個(gè)簡單句連接起來。

關(guān)系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關(guān)系非常密切，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。Thewomanthat/whois

speakingatthemeetingismymother.(主句)Thewomanismymother(從句)Thewomanisspeakingatthemeeting.{主語是單數(shù)}編輯課件Thewomenthat/who

are

speakingatthemeeting

arefamousscientists.(主句)Thewomenarefamousscientists.(從句)Thewomenare

speakingatthemeeting.{主語是復(fù)數(shù)}關(guān)系詞判斷步驟:首先，要區(qū)分出先行詞。如果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系詞可能就用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系詞可能用which或that

然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請(qǐng)看下表

最后，要確定關(guān)系代詞的人稱和數(shù)(請(qǐng)看以上例句)編輯課件注意定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的限制。.Thewomanwho/thatspokeatthemeetingyesterdayismymother.(主句)Thewomanismymother.(表達(dá)客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))(從句)Thewoman(who/that)spokeatthemeetingyesterday.(句中yesterday表示過去時(shí)間)定語從句的識(shí)別〔思考步驟〕找出先行詞a.確定在從句中關(guān)系代詞的人稱、數(shù)和性。b.確定定語從句的位置確定關(guān)系代詞在從句中的成分以確定關(guān)系代詞的格確定從句的時(shí)態(tài)〔定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)都不受主句的限制〕編輯課件關(guān)系代詞的使用方法定語從句常用的關(guān)系代詞有：that、who(m)、whose、which等。

that多指物，在從句中作主語或作動(dòng)詞的賓語?！瞭hat/which作賓語時(shí)可省.〕1)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Aplaneisamachinewhichcanfly.2)Whowashurtintheaccidentthathappenedyesterday?Whowashurtintheaccidentwhichhappenedyesterday?3)Haveyoufoundthebikethatyoulost?Haveyoufoundthebikewhichyoulost?Haveyoufoundthebike省略youlost?

編輯課件2.which指物,在從句中作主語或賓語。作主語不可省略;作賓語可以省略。(which與that指物時(shí)可以互相代替，that更常見。〕1)HisfatherworksinafactorythatmakesTVsets.HisfatherworksinafactorywhichmakesTVsets.2)Thefilmthatwesawlastnightwasverywonderful.Thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwasverywonderful.Thefilm省略wesawlastnightwasverywonderful.

3.who指人(既它的先行詞必須是人),在從句中作主語或賓語。但whom是賓格,只能作賓語。(that有時(shí)也指人.代替who,whom,可作主語或賓語)1)Thegirlswhoweren’tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates.Thegirls

thatweren’tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates.編輯課件

2)Heknewtheteacher

whowemetyesterday.Heknewtheteacherwhomwemetyesterday.Heknewtheteacher(that)wemetyesterday.4.whose是代詞的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。

Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawoman

whosebagwasstolen.I’llcallaperson.Hisfatherknowsyou.I’llcallaperson

whosefatherknowsyou.Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebook

whosecoverisred.編輯課件1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.2)Sheisthegirl

whomIwentwiththere.Sheisthegirlwith

whomIwentthere.SheisthegirlthatIwentwiththere.Sheisthegirl省略

Iwentwiththere.注意:

固定動(dòng)介詞組不可分割,介詞不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat…關(guān)系代詞與介詞

介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí),介詞賓語只能用which代物,

和whom代人。(介詞在末尾時(shí),關(guān)系詞可以省略)編輯課件3)Theroom

(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

(which)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

inwhichIliveisverybig.Theroom

whereIliveisverybig.4).Iwanttofindthepen

(that)Iwrotetheletterwith.Iwanttofindthepen

(which)Iwrotetheletterwith.Iwanttofindthepen

withwhichIwrotetheletter.Herearethepicture-booksthatthechildrenarelookingfor.Herearethepicture-bookswhichthechildrenarelookingfor.Herearethepicture-booksthechildrenarelookingfor.編輯課件定語從句中需本卷須知有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞that,而不宜用which1.從句所修飾的詞又被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),只能用that引導(dǎo)從句.Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.Thefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.2.先行詞是all,something,nothing,anything不定代詞時(shí),只能用that.Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.Notallthatglittersisgold.3.先行詞既有人也有物時(shí),只能用that引出從句Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee.編輯課件4.先行詞是oneof,theone,或用little,few,no,all,any作修飾，用thatIsittheonethatyouwant?Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.5.當(dāng)主句已有疑問詞

who或which時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用thatWhichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?從例句中看出，who、that在許多情況下可以通用，但有時(shí)宜用

用who,而不用that1.先行詞是one(s),anyone,someone,those時(shí)，關(guān)系詞使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Onewhohasnothingtofearoneselfdarestotellthetruth.2.在therebe

句型中，先行詞指人,關(guān)系詞用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.編輯課件附加局部————關(guān)系副詞

關(guān)系副詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣，具有數(shù)種作用。在從句中代替先行詞。在句中作狀語。連接作用，把兩個(gè)句子連接成為一個(gè)帶有定語從句的復(fù)合句。

關(guān)系副詞有三種：

where:在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,指代地點(diǎn).(on/in/at…which)

when:

在從句中作時(shí)間狀語,指代時(shí)間。(on/in…which)

why:

在從句中作原因狀語,指代原因。

編輯課件關(guān)系副詞的用法：1.where的用法：(先行詞應(yīng)是地點(diǎn)名詞〕Thehotelwasn’tclean.+Westayed

=Thehotelwherewestayedwasn’tclean.＝Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.＝Thehotelwhichwestayedatwasn’tclean

＝Thehotel關(guān)系詞略westayedatwasn’tclean.atthehotel.Westayedthere.先行詞關(guān)系詞從句從句＝共有五個(gè)不同的句子來表達(dá)。編輯課件2.when的用法：〔先行詞應(yīng)是表示時(shí)間的名詞〕I’llneverforgettheday.+IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday.I’llneverforgetthedaythatIjoinedtheLeague.(口語)I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.從句3.why的用法：

(表示原因的名詞)The

reason

whyI’mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty.The

reasonthat

I’mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoapartyThe

reason

I’mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty略

在口語中,關(guān)系副詞where、when、why常被that代替,也可省略。

編輯課件ExercsesI.RewritethesentencesII.ChoosethebestanswersIII.Translate編輯課件I.把以下單句合并成含有定語從句的復(fù)合句.1.Thelittlegirlwascryingonthestreet.Hermoneyhadbeenstolen.2.Thecolourofthebikeisgreen.Haveyouseenthebike?3.Thestudentdidn’tagreewithus.Thestudentwasstandingunderthetree.4.Whereistheman?Themantalkedwithyoujustnow.5.Thewatchisverynice.Hegavemethewatchformybirthday.6.Thebookisveryinteresting.Youlentittomeyesterday.7.TheteacherisourEnglishteacher.Yousawherontheplayground.Thelittlegirlwhosemoneyhadbeenstolenwascryingonthestreet.Haveyouseenthebike

whosecolourisgreen.Thestudentwhowasstandingunderthetreedidn’tagreewith

us.Whereisthemanwhotalkedwithyoujustnow?Thewatch(that)hegavemeformybirthdayisverynice.

Thebook(that/which)youlentmeyesterdayisveryinteresting.Theteacher(who/that)yousawontheplaygroundisourEnglishteacher編輯課件8.Theletterisfrommyfriend.Ireceivedityesterday.

9.I’mreadingabook.Itsnameis“WhoMovedMyCheese〞10.Heworksinaschool.Thereisabigstorenearit.11.Heusedtoliveinahouse.Infrontofitgrewmanyappletrees.12.Thisistheroom.Welivedinitlastyear.13.Thechildrenareveryhealthy.Sheislookingafterthem.14.Iknowtheboy.HecanspeakEnglishwell.Theletter(that/which)Ireceivedyesterdayisfrommyfriend.I’mreadingabookwhosenameis“WhoMovedMyCheese〞Heworksinaschoolnearwhichthereisabigstore.Thisistheroom(that/which)welivedinlastyear.Thisistheroominwhich/wherewelivedlastyear.Thechildren(who/that)sheislookingafterthemareveryhealthy.Iknowtheboywho/thatcanspeakEnglishwellHeusedtoliveinahouseinfrontofwhichgrewmanyappletrees編輯課件15.Theseasonissummer.Itcomesafterspring.16.ThemanwasAmerican.Ispoketohimyesterday.17.Ican’tfindthehouse.Myfriendlivesinit.18.Iknowtheboy.Youarelookingforhim.19.Thisisthetown.Hewasborninthetown.20.Wearrivedhereontheday.Doyourememberit?Theseasonwhichcomesafterspringissummer.Theman(whom/that)IspoketoyesterdaywasAmerican.ThemantowhomIspokeyesterdaywasAmerican.Ican’tfindthehouse(which/that)myfriendlivesin.Ican’tfindthehouseinwhich/wheremyfriendlives.Iknowtheboy(whom/who/that)youarelookingfor.Thisisthetown(which/that)hewasbornin.Thisisthetowninwhich/wherehewasborn.Doyouremembertheday(that/which)wearrivedhereon?Doyourememberthedayonwhichwearrivedhere?Doyourememberthedaywhenwearrivedhere?編輯課件II.單項(xiàng)選擇。1.Thisisthejob______theylaughedat.A.whichB.asC.itD.who2.BeihaiParkisabeautifulpark______builtabout300yearsago.A.wherewasB.thatwereC.whichwasD.where3.Whowasthegrey-hairedman______atyesterday’smeeting?A.wesawhimB.wesawC.wesawwhoD.shewasseen4.Theman______ispaintingthehouseismyuncle.A.he B.whomC.whose D.who5.Whatistheanimal______babyissleepinginitspocket?A.who B.whoseC.its D.which6.Thisbookisforthestudents______nativelanguageisn’tEnglish.A.that B.ofwhomC.whose D.who’s7.Therobbersshouted,“Handsup!I’llshootanyone______moves!〞A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.Thedictionary_____hepaid50yuanforisveryuseful.A.whichB.forwhichC.onwhichD.aboutwhich9Theboy_____parentsdiedtwoyearsagoliveswithhisgrandpanow.A.whoseB.whoC.hisD/10.Theman________issmokingisatailor.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.what_______ACBDBCCAAB編輯課件11—Whichanimalisyourfavourite?—Theone______hasalongneck.A.whichB.thatC.itD.who12.Isthisthefactory_____producescolourTVsets?A.whatB./C.whichD.where13.Thehighbuilding______isabighotel.A.thatheislooking B.whichheislookingC.wearelookingat D.atthatwearelooking14Isthereanyone___cananswerthisquestion?A.whichB.whomC.whoD.he15.Intheafternoonwe’llvisitthehighschool______isveryfamoushere.A.whichB.whereC.itD./16.Thefox______thechickenswerekilledwasshot.A.thatB.whichC.forthatD.bywhich17.Thecomputer______canstorealotofinformationiswidelyusedtoday.A.inwhichB.thatC.withwhichD.where18.Isthisthebookstore_______youvisitedyesterday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone19.Yesterdaytheysawthemanandthedog_____ranaftereachotherontheroad.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as20.Shanghaiistheplacein_____hewasborn.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.thatBCCCADBACA編輯課件21.—Doyouknowtheman______ispaintingthehouse?—Ofcourse.He’smyuncle.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.whose22.Thehospital______wasbuiltlastyearwillopensoon.A.whereB.whichC.whoD./23.Thisistheelephant______leftearwasshot.A.whoB.that C.its D.whose24.Thehospital______hisfatherworksinisanewone.A.thatB.inthatC.inwhichD.where26.Theman______watchwasstolenistalkingtothepolice.A.his B.who C.who’sD.whose27Theknife_____Icuttheapple______can’tbefound.A.which,inB.which,withC.that,byD.that,for28.Whohastakenthedictionary________coverisbroken？

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose29.Whoisthegirlto______youjustnowtalked？

A.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose30.Thisisthebook_________I’mlookingfor.A./B.whichC.thatD.alltheaboveBBDADBDBD編輯課件31Thisistheonlybook________Iboughtlastyear.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.BothAandB32.All__________I’mgoingtodoisgood.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.BothAandB33.Thebuilding_______roofwecanseeisahospital.A.whoseB.whichC.who’sD.atwhich34.Thisisthebestbook______Ihaveread.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.BothAandB35.Thisistheschool__________Iworkedsevenyearsago.A.inwhichB.inthatC.whichD.that36.Allthebooks__________Iputonthedeskareyours.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.BothAandB37.It’squitedifferentfrom___________Isawlastmouth.A.whichB.theoneCthatD.theonewhat38.Isthistheriver______Icanswim?A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.theone39.Watchtheoldladyandherdog_______________arecrossingthestreet.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.they40.Canyoulendmethedictionary___________theotherday?A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit

BAAAAABCBA編輯課件41.Thechurch__________wesawbytheriverwasbuiltacenturyago.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.inwhich42.Doyouknowwhoislivinginthathouse_________windowsfacesouth?A.whoseB.whichCwhichofD.its43.Anyone_________withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree44Thisisthelasttime________I’llgiveyoualesson.A.whenB.thatC.whatD.as45.Idon’tthinkthenumberofpeople_________thishappensisverylarge.A.whoB.towhomC.towhichD.that46.Hereisthedress______________intheshopwindow.A.YousawitB.thatyousawitC.thatsawitD.yousaw47.Iwastheonlypersoninmyoffice_______wasinvited.A.whoB.whomCwhichD.what48.Theman______hairisyellowisthethief.A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which49.Thisisthemostbeautifulbird______________Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose50.Thepersonto_______youtalkedisourmathsteacher.A.whichB.whose