高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 1 Great scientists課時(shí)作業(yè) 新人教版必修5試題

Unit1GreatscientistsⅠ.閱讀理解A體裁：說明文話題：科技詞數(shù)：299時(shí)間：6′Plasticisoneofthemostimportanttechnologicaldiscoveriesofthe20thcentury.However，Germanscientistsarecertainthatthismaterialmaysoonbereplaced.Thenewdevelopment—liquidwood—canreplaceplasticsinallbranchesofmodernindustries.Plasticasamaterialenjoysthebiggestdemandinthemodernworld，butitdoeshaveanumberofdisadvantages.First，plasticisnotrecyclable.Second，itcontainspoisonsthatcancausecancer.Finally，plasticismadeofoil，whichisnotendless.Theliquidwoodtechnologyisabletoreplaceplasticandprovidingmankindwithnewmaterialsformanyyearsahead.Arboformisanewmaterial，whichcanbegotfromsofttissues(組織)ofwood.Oncemixedwithseveralotheringredients(成分)，itturnsintosolidandnon－poisonousmaterial.Thewood－workingindustryseparateswoodintothreebasicthingsincludinglignin(木質(zhì)素)，whichisnotusedfortheproductionofpaper.SpecialistsoftheFaunhoferInstitutemixedligninwithseveralnaturalmaterialsandthusinventedthematerialwhichcouldbemeltedandmoulded(鑄造)．Whensolidarboformlookslikeplasticandpossessesthequalitiesofwood，itcanbeusedfortheproductionofanyitems.Arboformisalreadyusedfortheproductionofcarparts.However，thenewinventiondoesnotenjoyawideuseduetothehighcontentofsulphur(硫)init.Germanresearchersbelievethattheywillbeabletoreducetheamountofsulphurby90percentverysoontomakearboformusableforhomeneeds.Inaddition，liquidwoodcanberecycledrepeatedly.Theanalysisofarboformshowedthatthematerialhadallofitsqualitiesevenifitwasreprocessedtentimes.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】盡管塑料是20世紀(jì)最重要的科技發(fā)明之一，但德國(guó)科學(xué)家確信它很快就會(huì)被一種新型原料所代替，你知道這種原料是什么嗎？1．Fromthepassagewelearnthatliquidwood________． A．hasreplacedplastic B．ismadefromnaturaloil C．hasbeenwidelyusedinhousehold D．canberecycledrepeatedly 答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句liquidwoodcanberecycledrepeatedly可知D項(xiàng)正確。]2．ItcanbeconcludedthatGermanresearcherswillfocustheirfutureworkfirstlyonthe________． A．material'swideuse B．contentofsulphurinarboform C．productioncostofarboform D．qualitiesofliquidwood 答案B[根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段可知，如果用liquidwood代替塑料，科學(xué)家首先考慮的是應(yīng)該如何去除liquidwood里面高含量的硫。]3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue? A．Lignincontainspoisonsthatcancausecancer. B．Plasticdoesharmtooursocietyinmanyways. C．Theliquidwoodhelpstoprotectourenvironment D．Arboformisn'tusableforhomeneedatpresent. 答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章中沒有介紹木質(zhì)素有致癌的毒素。]4．Thebesttitleofthepassageshouldbe________． A．PlasticHasaNumberofDisadvantages B．ANewMaterial—Plastic C．LiquidWoodtoReplacePlastic D．HowtoProtectArboform 答案C[主旨大意題。本文主要說明了一種新型材料liquidwood將會(huì)代替塑料，所以C可作文章的標(biāo)題。]B體裁：記敘文話題：人物與事件詞數(shù)：305時(shí)間：6′ChrisThomasusedtothinkofFacebookasjustaplatformtogetintouchwithhisfriends.Henowbelievesthesocialnetworkingservicewithsavinghislife.The28－year－oldwasdiagnosedwithmusculardystrophy(肌肉萎縮癥)nineyearsagoandhasreliedonawheelchaireversince.OnJuly15，2015，Thomaswasgettingreadyforbedinhisapartment，whenashelving(架子)fellontohiswheelchairandknockedhimover，causinghimtofallandhitthebackofhishead.Afterwakingupfromafewminutesofcoma(昏迷)，herealizedhecouldn'treachthestringusedtogetthedoorkeeper'sattention.HisphonewasnearbyandhadtheFacebookapplicationconvenientlyopen，sohepostedastatusupdatethatimmediatelygothisfriendsworried—evensomehehadn'tspokentoinyears.“Itwasamazing，friendsfromsixdifferentstateswhodidn'tknoweachotherwereconnectingwitheachothertogetmehelp，”Thomassaid.“Nowthat'sthepowerofsocialmedia!Youhavehundredsofpeopleatyourfingertips.”Eightminutesafterthestatuswentup，anoldfriend，Leah，gotincontactwithThomas'friendBrad，whosewifewasintheneighborhood，andbeforeyouknewittherewere12Facebookfriendsinhisapartment，whotookhimtothehospitalatonce.Theyshoweduptotherescueattheperfecttime.Minutesbeforetheyarrived，Thomasthoughthewasgoingtohaveapanicattack，whichheoftensuffersfrombecauseofhisillness，buthe'sdoingbetternow.“Itfeltgoodtoknowthatmyfriends，eventhoseIhaven'tspokentointhepast，cametosaveme，”Thomassaid.“Theyallcametogether.Iwould'veneverimaginedit.”5．WhatdidChrisThomasdowithFacebookinthepast? A．Tosellhisproductsonline. B．Toseektreatmentforhisillness. C．Tocommunicatewithhisfriends. D．Toofferhelptoothers. 答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第一段第一句ChrisThomasusedtothinkofFacebookasjustaplatformtogetintouchwithfriends.可知，在過去ChrisThomas用Facebook與朋友們交流。故選C。]6．WhathappenedtoChrisThomasonJuly15，2015? A．Hebecameseriouslyill. B．Hefelltotheground. C．Hefelloffashelving. D．Hewashitbyaashelving. 答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第二段中的whenashelving(架子)fellontohiswheelchairandknockedhimover，causinghimtofallandhitthebackofhishead.可知，在輪椅受到架子的撞擊后，ChrisThomas倒在地上并且頭著地。故選項(xiàng)B正確。]7．WhatdidChrisThomasdotocausehisfriends'attention? A．Hepostedastatusupdate. B．Hetelephonedthem. C．Heshoutedloudly. D．Hehitthedoorheavily. 答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容可知，ChrisThomas在摔倒后不能引起看門人的注意，他就在Facebook發(fā)了一個(gè)狀態(tài)更新，以便引起朋友們的注意。故選A。]8．Whenseeingthestatusupdate，ChrisThomas'Facebookfriends________． A．connectedwitheachothertoofferhelp B．cametohisapartmentatonce C．gavehimsomepracticaladvice D．tookhimtohospitalimmediately 答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第三段中的friendsfromsixdifferentstateswhodidn'tknoweachotherwereconnectingwitheachothertogetmehelp可知，看到ChrisThomas發(fā)的狀態(tài)更新后，臉譜網(wǎng)的朋友們相互聯(lián)系以便提供幫助。故選A。]Ⅱ.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Fivegreatunusualstudyspaces1．IndependentcoffeeshopsNowadays，independentlyownedcoffeeshopsarefoundeverywhereinthecity.__9__Youcanstudyinthequietspotwithoutbeingdisturbedwhileenjoyingacupofcoffeeandyourfavoritesnacks.2．OutsideReadingoutdoorsisnotpossiblefortheentireyear.Butthespring，summer，andfallcanprovidestudentswiththeperfectmixoflight，noise，andbreezeforidealstudying.Throughoutthecitythereareparksandsquareswhereyouwillbeabletofindyourperfectspot.__10__3．StudentspacesThissuggestionmayseemobviousatfirst.However，studentstendtopickthesamespacesdesignatedforstudyingwhentheylookforaplaceoncampustoread.Trygoingtoaspacethatisn'tadesignatedquietspacebutratheranactivitiesroom，dininghall，ormusicroom.__11__Tryoutavarietyofspacestodiscoverthenoiselevelthatworksbestforyou.4．ApubDuringthelateafternoonandearlyevening，especiallyonweekdays，manypubsarefairlyquietandempty.__12__Youcanreallyenjoythepeacefulatmospherethere.5．Amuseumorgallery__13__Thisprovidesstudentswithanotherfairlyquietplacetoread.Notonlywillstudentsbesurroundedbywonderfulvisualstimuli，theinspirationalaspectoftheseinstitutionscanalsopromptstudentstoputmoreeffortintotheirwork.A．Thinkitoverandyou'llgettheanswer.B．Maybeitisthebestplaceforyoutomakefriends.C．Sofindingaquietspotcouldnotbedifficultforyou.D．Trytoavoidareaswhereyou'llseealotofstudentswhoyouknow.E．Youcanreallyfocusonyourstudyingwhilecalmingdownwithabeer.F．Youcanfindaquietplacetogetawayfromthecityandhavelessdistractions.G．Manymuseumsandartgalleriesofferfreeadmissiontostudentsonedayperweek.答案9．C[上面一句意為“現(xiàn)在獨(dú)立的咖啡店在城市中到處都是”，可知下面一句應(yīng)該說明的是“因此，找到一個(gè)安靜的地方不是困難的事”。故選C。]10．F[本段標(biāo)題Outside提示了在城市之外能夠找到安靜的學(xué)習(xí)的地方，選項(xiàng)F中的getawayfromthecity提示了是在城市之外找到安靜的學(xué)習(xí)的地方。故選F。]11．D[在學(xué)生聚集的地方找到適合學(xué)習(xí)的地方應(yīng)該避免見到你認(rèn)識(shí)的學(xué)生的。故選D。]12．E[Apub是提供酒水的小酒館，選項(xiàng)E中的withabeer提示了應(yīng)該選E。]13．G[本段標(biāo)題為Amuseumorgallery，選項(xiàng)G中的Manymuseumsandartgalleries與標(biāo)題一致。故選G。]Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。DearPeter，Ireadinanewspaperwhena“LearnChinese，SingChineseSongs”F