高中英語知識點講解

【詞條1】compare【點撥】compare意為"比較"。常見搭配為:compare...with...意為"把……和……比較"；comparedwith/to...意為"和……比起來",在句中常用作狀語。如:Ifyoucomparethetwobooks,youwillseethatthisoneisbetter.Compareyouranswerswiththoseatthebackofthebooktoseeiftheyareright.Comparedwith/tothosechildreninremoteareas,youareindeedfortunate.【拓展】compare還可意為"比喻,比擬",常與介詞to搭配。如:Shakespearecomparedtheworldtoastage.Teachersareoftencomparedtogardenerswhilestudentsflowers.【詞條2】differ【點撥】differ意為"有區(qū)別,不同"。如:Whatsurprisesusisthatthetwinsdiffergreatlyininterests.JapanesediffersgreatlyfromFrenchinpronunciation.注意differ與介詞的搭配:differfrom"與……有區(qū)別"；differin"在某方面不同"；differwithsb.about/on/oversth."對某事與某人持不同的看法"。如:Thespeedofatraindiffersgreatlyfromthatofanairplane.Thetwobrothersarelikeeachotherinappearancebutdifferwidelyintheirtastes.Asweknow,theydifferwithyouonthissubject.【拓展】differencen.不同；差異；differentadj.不同的；有差異的；differentlyadv.不同地。如:Therearemanydifferencesbetweenthecustomsofthetwocountries.Youlookdifferentfrombeforewiththenewhaircut.IthinkMissSmithtreatsMarydifferentlyfromme.【詞條3】remark【點撥】remark意為"評論；發(fā)表的看法",常用于短語:makearemake"評論"。如:Peopleareencouragedtospeakopenly,butcarelessremarksarelikelytohurtothers’feelings.Theykeptmakingremarksaboutoursuggestions.【拓展】remark還可用作動詞,意為"評論",常見用法:remark+that從句；remarkon/upon"就……發(fā)表意見"。如:Heremarkedthatitwastimetocarryouttheplan.Duringhisspeech,heremarkedon/uponthechangesofhishometown.熱點語法聚焦由于一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、一般將來時四種時態(tài)的基本用法同學(xué)們已經(jīng)非常熟悉,本單元我們將主要講解各時態(tài)的一些特殊用法。一、一般現(xiàn)在時1.在表示時間、條件的狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的概念。如:Assoonashecomesback,I’lltellhimwhenyouwillcomeandseehim.Iftheyarekeptfortoolong,somemedicineswilllosetheireffectiveness.2.一些轉(zhuǎn)移動詞come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等的一般現(xiàn)在時表將來,用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。如:Theyearlymeetingstarts10o’clocknextFriday.Myplaneleavesat8:30tomorrowmorning.二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1.come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay,die,stop,start,finish,approach等非延續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示近期按計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作。如:Thetimeisapproachingwhenwemustthinkaboutbuyinganewhouse.Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與always,constantly,forever等連用,表示意想不到或使人煩惱的事情。如:Sheisalwaysborrowingmoneyandforgettingtopayback.3.在表示時間、條件的狀語從句中,用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來進(jìn)行時。如:Becarefulwhenyouarecrossingthestreet.IfTomisdoinghishomeworkwhenyoucomeback,don’tdisturbhim.三、現(xiàn)在完成時在時間和條件狀語從句中,用現(xiàn)在完成時代替將來完成時。如:I’llphoneyouafterIhavetalkedaboutthismatterwithmyparents.We’llgotothecinemaifwehavefinishedouressaybythattime.現(xiàn)在完成時經(jīng)常與for...,since...,till(until),now,uptothepresent(now),sofar,inthepast(last)...,already,yet,recently,lately,ever,never這些狀語連用。四、一般將來時1."will/shall+動詞原形"與"begoingto+動詞原形"的區(qū)別:"will/shall+動詞原形"表示單純的將來或在說話時臨時決定要去做某事。如:TherewillbealectureattheChildren’sPalaceatseventhisevening."begoingto+動詞原形"通常表示"打算在近期或?qū)硪瞿呈?,但也可以表示說話人根據(jù)已有的跡象認(rèn)為非?？赡芗磳l(fā)生某事。如:Shehasboughtalengthofcloth;sheisgoingtomakeherselfadress.Lookattheseblackclouds？Itisgoingtorain.2."beto+動詞原形"表示按計劃、安排或打算將要發(fā)生的動作。如:Wearetoproduce100,000computersnextyeartomeetthemarketdemand.但是,如果不是人所能安排的動作,就不能用betodo句型表示將要發(fā)生。如:IthinkIamtofaint.(×)IthinkIamgoingtofaint.(√)3.用"beaboutto+動詞原形"表示"即將；正要；馬上就要"。如:Let’sgoin.Theclassisabouttobegin.經(jīng)典短語透視【短語1】leadto【點撥】leadto意為"導(dǎo)致",其中to為介詞,后跟名詞或動名詞作賓語。如:Thereisnodoubtthattheincreaseindemandleadstotheriseinprice.It’ssleepinglateinthemorningthatleadstohisbeinglateforwork.【拓展】1.leadto還可意為"通向"。如:AllroadsleadtoRome.2.短語giveriseto,resultin,contributeto也可意為"導(dǎo)致,引起"。如:Thejumpinfoodpricegivesrisetoalotofcomplaint.Hisangrywordsresultedinafight.Cigarettesmokingisamajorfactorcontributingtocancer.【短語2】referto...as【點撥】referto...as...意為"稱……為……"。如:Sheisalwaysreadytohelpotherssoweallrefertoherasoureldersister.【拓展】