高考總復(fù)習(xí)不定式專題

PAGEPAGE4高考熱點(diǎn)：動詞不定式動詞不定式的構(gòu)成：todo解讀：動詞不定式雖然不能作謂語動詞用，但仍留著動詞的特征，它可以帶有所需要的賓語或狀語而構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語，如：tostudyhard,toplaytabletennis。動詞不定式的形式變化語態(tài)一般式完成式進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式主動tobuildtohavebuilttobebuildingtohavebeenbuilding被動tobebuilttohavebeenbuilt動詞不定式的基本用法：這里只學(xué)習(xí)不定式做主語，賓語，和狀語的用法，它作定語和賓補(bǔ)的用法與分詞一塊學(xué)習(xí)。作主語句型：Itis/was+形容詞/可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+todosth解讀1：不定式作主語常見的是it作形式主語，放在句首，將真正的主語動詞不定式（短語）放在句子后面。經(jīng)典例句：It’seasytobewiseaftertheevent.Itiseasiertospendmoneythantomakemoney.It’sbettertolovesomeoneyoucan’thavethantohavesomeoneyoucan’tlove.Itisnotagoodhabittostayuptoolate解讀2：此外形式主語it不能用that、this來替換。這也是不定式作主語時的考點(diǎn)。出題句型是：______is/was+形容詞/可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+todo此句型特別重要，要牢記。判斷下列句子讀錯，并說明理由：Thisisimpossibleforpeopletostaredirectlyatthesun..Duetotherefractionoflightrays,thisisimpossibleforthenakedeyetodeterminetheexactlocationofastarclosetothehorizon.解讀3：it作形式主語，不定式可以有自己的邏輯主語，通常用for+名詞（代詞）或of+名詞（代詞）放在不定式的前面。此時不定式的語態(tài)須看與邏輯主語的主被動關(guān)系。For與of的區(qū)別是初中內(nèi)容。經(jīng)典例題：1.Is_______possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.thisB.thereC.thatD.it2.Thedoctorthought____wouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.(2010全國卷II14).A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it3..It’simportantforthefigures_________regularly.（2011北京卷）A.tobeupdated B.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdate D.tohaveupdated二．作賓語1.直接作賓語句型：動詞（vt）+todo解讀：直接跟在一個及物動詞后面作賓語。這時句子有以下兩個特點(diǎn)： 第一：句子的主語和不定式的邏輯主語是一致的，不定式的語態(tài)需看與句子主語的關(guān)系。 第二：這時句子的謂語動詞多是描寫態(tài)度；不定式動作則說明行為。經(jīng)典例句：Nobodywantstobelaughedat.Thiscompanyrefusedtocooperatewithus.經(jīng)典例題：1.Idon'twant____likeI'mspeakingiiiofanybody,butthemanager'splanisunfair.(2005天津卷)A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded2.Ican’tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_______talkingwhilesheworks.(2006北京卷)A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop3.Asayoungman,Ihate______________inpublic.A.laughedatB.tobelaughedatC.tolaughatD.laughingat2.句型：某些及物動詞+連詞+todo解讀：在一些動詞之后，可以在連接代詞（what,who,which）或連接副詞（how,when,where）及連詞whether后面接一個帶to的動詞不定式作賓語。常見的動詞有：ask,decide,explain,forget,findout,guess,imagine,know,wonder.經(jīng)典例句：Iwonderwhotoinvite.Showuswhattodo.Idon’tknowwhethertoanswerhisletter.考點(diǎn)解讀：①不定式的語態(tài)：必須用主動形式，此時易誤選為被動形式。②當(dāng)連接詞為代詞時，不定式為及物動詞，且其后不加賓語。經(jīng)典例題：1.There’ssomuchdeliciousfood!Ican’tdecided________.A.whattoeatB.whentoeatC.howtoeatD.wheretoeat2.Canyoutellme________ontheInternet?A.howtosearchB.howsearchC.wherecanIsearchD.whencanIsearch3.Hetolduswhether_________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.(2009四川卷)A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had3．不定式作賓語后置：如果不定式（賓語）后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語（不定式）后置，放在賓語補(bǔ)足語后面，構(gòu)成句型“動詞+it+賓補(bǔ)（名詞或形容詞）+賓語todo”。經(jīng)典例句：Ithinkithardtoanswerthequestioninonego.我覺得很難一下子回答這個問題。Hefeelsitchallengingtobeamarketingsupervisor.經(jīng)典例題：1.Usingmanysymbolsmakestoputalargeamountofinformationonasinglemap.A.possibleB.itispossibleC.itpossibleD.thatpossible2.ThechairmanthoughtnecessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.(2005全國卷1) A.that B.it C.this D.him3.AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade______herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.(2006湖南卷)A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it4.I’dappreciate____ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.(2006山東卷)A.thatB.itC.thisD.you5.Thefactthatshewasforeignmade_____difficultforhertogetajobinthatcountry.(2010遼寧卷33)A.soB.muchC.thatD.it6.Thetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersfind______difficulttotellonefromtheother.（2011山東卷）A.itB.themC.herD.that7.Newtechnologieshavemade____possibletoturnoutnewproductsfasterandatalowercost.【2012四川】A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it三.狀語構(gòu)成以下幾種句型句型1：形容詞+todo（語言山表述為：形容詞后面的動詞不定式）解讀1：該形容詞為表示動作特點(diǎn)的形容詞時，一般做兩種成分：表語和賓補(bǔ)當(dāng)該形容詞作表語時，句子主語和不定式動詞可構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。當(dāng)該形容詞作賓補(bǔ)時，句子賓語和不定式動詞可構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。經(jīng)典例句：Sheisverynicetotalkto.Maryiseasytogetonwith.IfindEnglishdifficulttospeak.IfindFootballveryinterestingtowatch.此句型三大考點(diǎn)①不定式動詞一般不用被動形式：（最容易出錯） ②不定式后不能再加賓語： ③不定式動詞所帶的介詞不能省略：經(jīng)典例題：1.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier_____intosmallpieces.（2011安徽卷）A.break B.breaking C.broken D.tobreak2.Thismachineisveryeasy______.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.【2012遼寧】A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperated解讀2：在本句型中，如果形容詞是表示人的性格特征（如：brave,careful,clever,considerate,foolish,generous,kind,等）或情緒感受（happy；surprised；glad；honored）的詞。句子主語或賓語和不定式動詞可構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系.經(jīng)典例句：Hewaskindtohelpus.Theboywascarelesstobreakthewindow.Wethinktheboycarelesstobreakthewindow.經(jīng)典例題：1.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy___anythingthathappenedtobeon.【2012全國卷II】A.towatch B.watching C.watched D.tohavewatched2.Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety.(2008北京卷)A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomed3.Wewereastonished_______thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(2010遼寧卷)A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound4.ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable____.（2011福建卷）A.heldB.holdingC.beheldD.tohold句型2：不定式作目的狀語，可構(gòu)成句型：Todo/Inordertodosth,主語+謂語或主語+謂語+todo/inordertodo/soastodo.經(jīng)典例句：1.Hatingpeopleislikeburningdownyourownhousetogetredofarat.]2.Toacquireknowledge,onemuststudy;buttoacquirewisdom,onemustobserve.3.Wehadbetterstartearlytocatchthetrain.4.Wehadbetterstartearlysoastocatchthetrain.5.Iwenttothepostofficeinordertomailaletter.經(jīng)典解讀：1.soasto一般不用在句首。但todo或inordertodo可提到句首。2.目的狀語放在句首時，和句子之間要有“，”間隔；當(dāng)目的狀語位于句末時，和句子之間不可以有“，”間隔。3.不定式的語態(tài)：看與句子主語的關(guān)系：主動——todo；被動——tobedone。smallpieces.A.break

B.breaking

C.broken

D.tobreak4.（2011浙江卷）Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity______bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.A.beingcheered

B.becheered

C.tobecheered

D.werecheered5.（2011福建卷）ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable____.

A.held

B.holding

C.beheld

D.tohold6.（2011四川卷）Simonmadeabigbamboobox_______thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.A.keep

B.kept

C.keeping

D.tokeep7.（2011天津卷）Passengersarepermitted_____onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.A.tocarry

B.carrying

C.tobecarried

D.beingcarried8.（2011重慶卷）MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmenttoofficials,willbeproduced_______people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.A.toraise

B.raisingC.tohaveraised

D.havingraised9.(2011湖南卷)Theability

_____anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.A.expressing

B.expressed

C.toexpress

D.tobeexpressedKeys:ABDCDDA1.（10上海40）Thatistheonlywaywecanimaginetheoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce2.（10江西32）Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting______.A.todiscoverB.tobediscoveredC.discoveredD.beingdiscovered3.（10山東23）Ihavealotofreadings_____beforetheendofthisterm.A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted4.（10全國=1\*ROMANI34）WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank______presentsformydad.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought5.（10陜西19）Hisfirstbooknextmonthisbasedonatruestory.A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished6.（10遼寧25）Wewereastonished_______thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.A．findingB．tofindC．findD．tobefound7.（10重慶34）Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone______firstisthelibrary.A.repaired B.beingrepaired C.repairing D.toberepaired8.(09安徽28)Theplaynextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced9.(09北京28)Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation___informationinamoreeffectiveway.A.presentingB.presentedC.beingpresentedD.topresent10．(09湖南23)Whenhethedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere. A.wouldopen B.opened C.hadopened D.11.(09湖南29)Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit.A.reusing B.reused C.reuses D.12.(09海南30)Thechildrenallturnedthefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookat13.(09山東22)Weareinvitedtoaparty_________inourclubnextFriday.A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding14.(09上海39)Davidthreatenedhisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported15.(09四川2)Hetolduswhether_________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussionA.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.Had16.(09天津4)______theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.A.CompetingB.HavingcompletedC.TohavecompletedD.Tocomplete17.(09江蘇26)SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,

reduceunemploymentpressures.A.help

B.tohavehelped

C.tohelp

D.havinghelped18.(08全國Ⅰ26)Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood .A.tobebreathed B.tobreathe C.breathing D.beingbreathed—Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?—Yes.But it，Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.A.tofind B.findC.tobefinding D.finding19.(08北京32)Ifeelgreatlyhonored intotheirsociety.A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomed D.welcomed20.(08湖南30) theprojectasplanned，we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.A.CompletingB.CompleteC.Completed D.Tocomplete21.(07全國Ⅰ25)—Thelastone paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrived B.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving22.(07上海35)ThereisnothingmoreIcantry youtostay，soIwishyougoodluck.A.beingpersuaded B.persuading C.tobepersuaded D.topersuade23.(07江西24)Whe