《英語(yǔ)翻譯轉(zhuǎn)換法》課件

PPTcoursewareforEnglishtranslationconversion目錄OverviewofEnglishTranslationConversionMethodsPartofspeechconversioninEnglishtranslationSentencepatternconversioninEnglishtranslation目錄CulturalTransformationinEnglishTranslationAnalysisofpracticalcasesinEnglishtranslation01OverviewofEnglishTranslationConversionMethodsDefinitionEnglishtranslationconversionmethodreferstotheuseofcomputerbasedtranslationtoolstoconvertEnglishtextintoanotherlanguageCharacteristicsAutomatictranslation,fastspeed,highefficiency,butmaynotachieveperfecttranslationresultsduetolimitationsinlanguagemodelsandtranslationalgorithmsDefinitionandcharacteristicsEarlystage01Manualtranslationwasthemainmethod,butitwastimeconsultingandlaboriousMidstage02MachinetranslationBegantoappear,butthetranslationaccuracywasnothighModernstage03WiththedevelopmentofAItechnology,machinetranslationhasbeengreatlyimproved,andmoreadvancedtranslationmodelsandalgorithmshavebeenappliedTheHistoryandDevelopmentofConversionMethodTranslationofofficialdocumentsGovernment,enterprisesandinstitutionsoftenneedtotranslateEnglishdocumentsintoChineseforreferenceoruseTranslationofcommercialdocumentsBusinessesneedtotranslateEnglishproductmanuals,marketingmaterials,etc.,intoChinesetopromotesalesTranslationofacademicpapersScholarsandresearchersoftenneedtotranslateEnglishacademicpapersandresearchreportsintoChineseforacademicexchangeandsharingApplicationscenariosofconversionmethod02PartofspeechconversioninEnglishtranslationNounverbconversionwhentranslatingfromChinesetoEnglish,itiscommontoconvertChinesenounsintoEnglishverbsThisisbecauseEnglishtenstouseverbsmorefrequentlythanChinese,andconvertingnounstoverbscanmaketheEnglishtextmoreconsensusanddynamicExample"Thedevelopmentofthecompany"istranslatedas"Thecompanyisdeveloping"insteadof"Thecompany'sdevelopment"NountoverbconversionInsomecases,itmaybemoreappropriatetoconvertEnglishverbsintonounswhentranslatingfromChineseThisisbecauseChineseoftenusesverbsmorefrequently,andconvertingverbstonounscanmaketheChinesetextmoreconsensusandspecificVerbnounconversion"Thecompany'sreorganization"istranslatedas"Thereorganizationofthecompany"insteadof"Thecompanyreorganizes"ExampleConvertverbstonounsAdjectiveverbconversion:InEnglishtranslation,itisnecessarytodifferentiatebetweenobjectivesandadvertisementsandconvertthemappropriatelySometimes,objectivesinthesourcelanguageshouldbetranslatedasadvertisementsinthetargetlanguage,andviceverseThisisbecausethefunctionsandmeaningsofobjectivesandadvertisementsaredifferentindifferentlanguagesExample:"Thecarisfast"istranslatedas"Thecardrivesfast"insteadof"Thecarisquickly"TheConversionofAdjectivesandAdvisersComparativeandsuperlativeconversion:InEnglishtranslation,itisnecessarytodifferentiatebetweencomparativeandsuperlativedegreesofobjectivesandfollowersSometimes,comparativeformsinthesourcelanguageshouldbetranslatedassuperiorformsinthetargetlanguage,andviceverseThisisbecausethecomparativeandsuperlativedegreeshavedifferentmeansandusesindifferentlanguagesExample:"HeisTallerthanme"istranslatedas"HeisTallerthanIam"insteadof"HeisTallerthanme"Theconversionbetweencomparativeandsuperlativelevels03SentencepatternconversioninEnglishtranslationActivetoPassiveSenseConversionWhenconvertingactivesensestopassivevoice,thesubjectoftheactivesensebenefitstheobjectofthepassivesense,andtheverbismodifiedtoshowtheactionisbeingdonetothesubjectPassivetoActiveSentenceConversionConvertingpassivesentimentsbacktoactivevoiceinvolvesidentifyingthesubjectofthepassivepresence,andthenrephrasingthepresencewiththatsubjectastheactoroftheverb'sactionTheConversionofActiveandPassiveSentencesPositivetoNegativeSenseConversionToconvertapositivesensetonegative,placeanegativewordorphrasebeforetheverb,suchas"not,""no,""never,"or"without."NegativetoPositiveSenseConversionToconvertanegativesensebacktopositive,removethenegativewordorphraseusedintheconversionandadjusttheverbaccordinglyTheConversionofPositiveandNegativeSentencesDeclarativetoInterrogtiveSentenceConversionToturnadeclarativesenseintoanintergovernmentalone,changethewordorderbyplacingtheverbbeforethesubjectandaddingaquestionmarkattheend要點(diǎn)一要點(diǎn)二InteraggressivetoDeclarativeSentenceConversionToconvertanaggressivesensebacktodeclarative,simplyrearrangethewordstohavesubjectverbobjectorderandremovethequestionmarkConversionbetweendeclarativeandaggressiveintentionsTheConversionofInvertedSentencesandNormalWordOrderAninvertedsensehasitssubjectandverbswitchedToconvertitbacktonormalwordorder,switchthesubjectandverbbacktotheirmanualpositionsInvertedSensetoNormalWordOrderConversionTocreateaninvertedpresence,swapthepositionofthesubjectandverbThisemphasizesthesubjectandcancreateamoreimpactfulpresenceNormalWordOrdertoInvertedSentenceConversion04CulturalTransformationinEnglishTranslationWhentranslatingEnglishintoChinese,itisnecessarytounderstandtheculturalbackgroundofthesourcelanguageandthetargetlanguage,andtotransformtheculturalinformationaccuratelyandnaturallyForexample,whentranslatingtheEnglishidol"Itrainscatsanddogs",itisnecessarytounderstandtheculturalbackgroundoftheNordiccountries,wheretherearemanywolvesanddogs,sothisidolisusedtodescribeheavyrainTherefore,whentranslatedintoChinese,itcanbetranslatedas"pouringrain",whichaccuratelyexpressesthemeaningoftheoriginalperiodThetransformationofculturalbackgroundEnglishoftenusesmetaphorsandsymbolstoexpressideas,buttheseexpressionsmaybedifficulttounderstandforChinesereadersTherefore,whentranslatingEnglishintoChinese,itisnecessarytotransformmethodologiesandsymbolsintomoreunderstandableexpressionsForexample,whentranslatingtheEnglishidol"tobeafishoutofwater",whichmeanstofeeluncomfortableoroutofplace,itcanbetranslatedas"likeafishoutofwater",whichismoreunderstandableforChinesereadersTheTransformationofMethodologyandSymbolismEnglishhasalotofidiomaticexpressionsandslang,whicharediverseforChinesereaderstounderstandTherefore,whentranslatingEnglishintoChinese,itisnecessarytoconverttheseidiomaticexpressionsandslangintomoreunderstandableexpressionsForexample,whentranslatingtheEnglishidol"toraincatsanddogs",whichmeanstorainheavy,itcanbetranslatedas"heavyrain",whichismoreunderstandableforChinesereadersTheConversionofIdiomsandSlangEnglishoftenuseseuphemismandfranknesstoexpressideas,buttheseexpressionsmaybeconsideredimportantorinappropriateinChinesecultureTherefore,whentranslatingEnglishintoChinese,itisnecessarytotransformeuphemismandfranknessintomoreappropriateexpressionsForexample,whentranslatingtheEnglishexpression"Heisalazybone",whichmeansheislazy,itcanbetranslatedas"Heisverylazy",whichismoreappropriateforChinesecultureTheConversionofEuphemismandFrankness05AnalysisofpracticalcasesinEnglishtranslationTranslationCasesofNewsReportsThetranslationofnewsreportsrequiresaccurateandtimelytransmissionofinformation,whilemaintainingthestylisticandlinguisticcharacteristicsoftheoriginaltext.Whentranslatingnewsreports,specialattentionshouldbepaidtosensitivevocabularyrelatedtopolitics,economy,culture,andotheraspectstoavoidambiguityormisleadinginformation.Thetranslationofnewsreportsusuallyadoptsliteralorfreetranslationmethods,andthespecificchoiceofmethoddependsonthecontentandcontextoftheoriginaltext.Whentranslatingnewsreports,itisnecessarytopayattentiontotheauthenticityandfluencyoflanguage,andtrytoavoidstifforobscureexpressionsasmuchaspossible.TranslationCasesofLiteraryWorksThetranslationofliteraryworksisnotonlyaboutlanguageconversion,butalsoaboutthetransmissionofcultureandideas.Thetranslationofliteraryworksrequiresafullunderstandingofthetheme,style,andemotionsoftheoriginalwork,whilemaintainingtheliteraryandartisticqualitiesofthetranslation.Whentranslatingliteraryworks,specialattentionshouldbepaidtotherhythmandrhythmofthelanguage,andthecharmandbeautyoftheoriginalworkshouldbepreservedasmuchaspossible.Thetranslationofliteraryworksneedstopayattentiontothereader'sreadingexperience,andmakethereaderfeelthecharmandvalueoftheoriginalworkasmuchaspossible.TranslationCasesofBusinessContractsThetranslationofcommercialcontractsrequiresaccuracy,professionalism,rigor,andcompliancewithrelevantlaws,regulations,andindustrynorms.Whentranslatingcommercialcontracts,specialattentionshouldbepaidtothedetailsandwordingofthecontracttermstoavoidambiguityorloopholes.Thetranslationofcommercialcontractsusuallyadoptsliteraltranslationorlegal