畢業(yè)論文-錦州華寶汽車4S店的售后服務(wù)管理研究

摘要錦州華寶4S店成立于2021年，四年來(lái)一直不斷進(jìn)步，在遼西地區(qū)獲得了長(zhǎng)足開展。但由于錦州華寶汽車4S店仍處于成長(zhǎng)期，售后效勞中仍存在很多問(wèn)題。因此,分析錦州華寶4S店目前存在問(wèn)題并進(jìn)行對(duì)策研究，對(duì)于提升效勞質(zhì)量、打造效勞品牌具有一定的實(shí)際意義。本文以錦州華寶汽車4S店的售后效勞管理為研究對(duì)象，結(jié)合寶馬汽車現(xiàn)狀對(duì)錦州華寶4S售后效勞中存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了分析，并提出了改良對(duì)策。首先闡述了售后效勞接待中禮儀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、接待場(chǎng)所建設(shè)和接待流程等方面存在的問(wèn)題，并進(jìn)行了有針對(duì)性的改良和調(diào)整。其次，對(duì)售后備件庫(kù)存管理、備件調(diào)用等問(wèn)題提出了改善的方案。再次，對(duì)錦州華寶4S店的顧客滿意度管理提出了建立顧客信息庫(kù)、顧客信息分類管理、顧客管理6S戰(zhàn)略等改良策略。最后對(duì)該企業(yè)人力資源管理提出了有針對(duì)性的建議。通過(guò)上述論證分析，可以提高4S店售后效勞的效勞水平，為從事售后效勞的管理人員提供借鑒。關(guān)鍵詞：4S店；售后效勞管理；顧客滿意度AbstractJinzhouHuabao4Sshopwasestablishedin2021,Ithasbeenprogress,gainedrapiddevelopmentinwesternLiaoninginlastfouryears.However,JinzhouHuabaoauto4Sshopisstillinthegrowingyears,therearestillmanyproblemsinservice.Therefore,thestudyof4SJinzhouHuabaoshopiscurrentlyproblematicSolutions,vigorouslyimproveservicequality,servicebrandhasitssignificance.Inthispaper,taketheservicemanagementinJinzhouHuabaoauto4Sshopastargetforthestudy,combinedwiththecurrentstateofJinzhouHuabao4Sproblemsinservicewereanalyzedandproposedcountement.Firstly，itdescribestheserviceproblemsinthereceptionandthereceptionfromthesaleofetiquette,receptionvenueconstructionandreceptionprocessissuesweredetailedimprovementsandadjustments.Secondly,thesaleofsparepartsinventorymanagement,sparepartsandotherissuesraisedcallsforimprovementprogram.Again,takeanexamplethatanalysisofcustomersatisfactionmanagementinJinzhouHuabao4Sshoptoproposedtheestablishmentofthecustomerinformationdatabase,customerinformationmanagementandcustomermanagement6Sstrategy.Finally,thehumanresourcemanagementofatargetedrecommendations.Throughtheaboveanalysisdemonstrates,4Sshopservicecanimproveservicelevels,servicemanagersengagedinprovidingreference.Keywords:4Sshop;servicemanagement;customersatisfaction

目錄TOC\o"1-3"\h\u13417第1章緒論 ITheresearchofChineseautomobiledistributionchannelWiththeestablishmentofthesocialistmarketeconomyandimprove,themarketmarketinginthenationaleconomyincreasinglyprominentrole.Morethan30yearsofreformandopeningup,Chinahasabatchofstrengthoftheautocompanies,butwiththeadventofinternationalization,theintensemarketcompetition,ourcountryenterprisetothecarwithforeignautoenterprisecompetitionintheindustryneedsthedomesticautoenterpriseoffurtherresearchthinking.WiththerapiddevelopmentofChina'sautomobilemarket,howtodealwiththeincreasinglyfiercecompetition,hasbecomeacarmanufacturersinfrontofthemajorissue.Therefore,assoonasestablishesconformstothemarkettoruntheruleoftheChinesecarindustrymarketingmode,introduceanewmarketingstrategyistomakethecirculationsystemmodernization,enhancethecompetitivenessoftheautoindustrymarket,withtheinternationalcommunity,ensurethehealthyandrapiddevelopmentofautomobileindustryoftheinevitablechoice.AlongwiththeChineseautomobileindustry'sfastdevelopment,theautomobilecirculationindustryalsoenteredanunprecedentedgrowthperiodafter1995.Inthistime,theautomobilecirculationformandideaishavingthehugechange.AlongwithChinesereformandopening-upprocessspeedup,theconnotationwhichtheautomobilecirculatedalsoobtainedwidespreadextending.Themaindistributionchannelnottobemoreandmoreobvious,decentralizedpersonalizationofsalesisrisingnow.Distributionchannels,alsoknownassaleschannels:Theproductorservicefromthemanufacturerbytheflowofconsumersthroughtheentirechannel.Thatpassageisusuallyfromthemanufacturer,middleman(franchisee,wholesale,anddealer)andotherassistanceorganizationsconstitute.Thejumping-offpointisthemanufactoryorministrantpromotersoftheproduct,theterminalpointisconsumerorcustomers.Theexistingautomobileexchangemarket,brandmonopolystore,chainstore,theautomobilesupermarketarealltofacetotheconsumerdirectly.Distributionchannelsandmerchandisearecloselyrelatedtothetransferofownershipitdoesnotincludetheproductionprocess,alsonotincludingprocurementofrawmaterialscausedbythechannelthroughwhichownership.Itsdifferentsaleschannels,becausemarketingchannelscoverstheprocurementofrawmaterialsandselltheirproductsarisingfromthetransferofownershipthroughwhichthechannels.InotherwordsmarketingoutletincludesDistributionchannel,salechannelalsoincludestockchannel.Sothatretailsthechannelisthemarketingchannel'simportantcomponent.Whenresearchsaledomainmarketingchannel,marketingchannelsanddistributionchannelsareequivalent.Becausethecategoryofthisresearchfocusesthesalerealminautomobileonly,didnotinvolvethepurchaseofitsoriginalmaterial,so,inautomarketing,referredtodistributionchannelsandsaleschannelsbotharethesame.Regardlessofretailstheautomobilecirculationchannelwhichthechannelorthemarketingchannelarelookedmicroscopically.Itisstandsintheautomobilemanufacturerangle,comesuptheresearchmanufacturerproductpathtargetmarketbestchannelfromthemicroscopicstratificationplane.Buttheresearchoftheautomobilecirculationchannelcontentsismuchcomprehensive;itnotonlyneedstoconsidertheautomobilemanufacturer,butalsoneedstoconsidercirculationbusinessenterprise,eventheconsumer.Theautomobilecirculationchannelinvolvesthenewcarmarketingchannel,theusedcarmarketingchannel,theabandonmentvehiclerecyclingchannel,andtheautoaccessorymarketingchannel,butautomobiledistributiononlyinvolvesthenewcarsaleservicesstructure,andonlyresearchtheautomobilemanufacturer’schannelstrategy.Becauserealmofthisresearchdomainmainlyinnewcarsale,thereforeinthisresearchmentionedthecirculationchannelwithretailschannel'sconceptalsotobepossibletoregardastoequate.Themainchanneloftheprocessofautomotiveproductsentityprocess，autoproductentityprocessflow,paymentprocess,theownershipoftheinformationflowandautosalespromotionprocess.Automotiveproductsareautomobilemanufacturersfromphysicalprocesstransfertoendusersandconsumers.Afterproducedcars,themanufacturershouldbebasedtheorderfromshelloutthefranchiser,thendeliveredtocustomersbydealers.Ownershipofautomotiveproductsflowreferstocarownershiptransferbythemanufacturertodistributorandthentotheuser'sprocess.Thepaymentflowisreferstotheend-usertopaythebilltothedealerandthedealertopaythebilltothemanufacturer.Theinformationflowistheprocessthateachadjacentorganizationdeliverstheinformationandcarriesonthecommunication.Carsalespromotionprocessisachannelmemberinfluenceonanotherchannelmember’sprocess.TheChineseautomarkethasbeenexperiencingrapidgrowthaftertwoyears,in2004thegrowthstartedtoslowdown.Becausein2003thehotautomarketluredeachautomobilemanufacturertoraiseits2004productionplantarget,butin2004theChineseautomarketsperformancewasverybad,soatpresenteachmanufacturer'sautomobilereserveincreasesobviously.Facedwiththeincreasinginventory,theautomobilemanufactoryisinadditiontoadjustitproductionplan,themarketingmethodthatistoreduceprice.Butreducepricethestrategyjustpurchasetheconfidenceinbiggerandbiggerinjuryconsumer,sotheconsumerheldthemoneytotreatandbuyin2004ofhesitatedthemotiontoupsurgeagain.Atthesametime,theautomobileproducthomogenizationturnswithqualitytoincreasebutstrengthengraduallyalongwiththecartype,theChineseautomobilesalemarketisalreadytobebeenquicklybythesellingpartymarketinthebeginning,changingtowardthebuyermarket.Undersuchbackgroundofmarket,onlythedistributionchannelcanbringcompetitiveadvantagefortheautomobilemanufacturer.Thisisthemean“Theonewhogetthedistributionchannelwillgainedtheworld〞.Theoneoftheimportantlinksofthemarketmarketing,retailtheunsteadyofthedistributionchanneltothemanagementefficiency,competitionabilityofthemanufactoryandconductthesafetieswillproducebadinfluence.Therefore,howbuildupdistributionchannel,excellentturntheexistingdistributionchannel,acquirethebiggestcompetitiveadvantagewillbeanimportantproblemthattheautomobilemanufacturertoface.Actually,theautomobilemanufacturerhasalreadystartedtheretaildistributionchannelthatexaminesitoneselfwiththenewsenseofvision,andakindofimportantresourcesthatthedistributionchannelconductsandactionspromotesitscompetitionability.Undertheconditionofsuchmarketbackground,thisstudypurposethathelpthemanufacturersplanning,improving,amelioratingdistributionchannels.Theautomobileindustry,akeysectorinChina’sindustrializationandmodernizationefforts,hasbeendevelopingrapidlysincethe1990s.Inrecentyears,Chinahasbecometheworld’sfastestgrowingautomotiveproducer.Annualvehicleoutputhasincreasedfromlessthan2millionvehiclesinthelate1990sto9.5millionin2021.Intermsofproductionvolumein2021,ChinahassurpassedKorea,France,Germany,andtheUnitedStates,trailingonlyJapan.AdisproportionateshareofChina’soutputwasheavyvehiclesinthe1990s.However,since2000China’sgrowthhasbeenledbyanincreaseinpassengercars,whichnowaccountformorethan65%ofitsvehicleproduction.China’sautomobileindustryhascontinuedtoexpanddespitetheglobaleconomicdownturn.FromJanuarytoOctober2021,morethan10millionvehiclesweresoldinChina.Ifsuchgrowthcontinues,Chinaisonitswaytobecomingworld’slargestautomarket.UnlikeKoreaorJapan,China’sautomotiveindustryhasdevelopedextensivelythroughforeigndirectinvestment.ThisinvestmenthascomeintheformofalliancesandjointventuresbetweeninternationalautomobilemanufacturersandChinesepartners.TheinternationalautomobilemanufacturersareunlikelytopromoteChineseexportsthatcompetewiththeirownproductsinothermarkets.Asaconsequence,theChinesecompaniesthathaveexpressedastronginterestinexportingcarshavenothadstrongtiestoforeigncarproducersandthat,consequently,maystruggletomeetsafetyandemissionstandardsinindustrializedcountries.However,ifindependentproducers,suchasGeely,canachievemuchhigherstandards,theycouldprovetobeastronginternationalcompetitor.Ford’sproposedsaleofVolvotoGeelymayhelptheChinesecompanyimproveitsproducts.Chinaexportsandimportsfewmotorvehicles.Exportsaregrowingmuchmorerapidlythanimportsandaremostlylighttrucksandpassengercarsshippedtodevelopingcountrymarkets.Bycontrast,ChineseautopartsexportsarealreadymakinginroadsintotheUnitedStatesandotherdevelopedmarkets.WhileU.S.motorvehicletradewithChinawasinsignificantin2021,theUnitedStatesimportedmorethan$5.5billioninpartsfromChina,whileitexportedaboutone-eighthofthatamount.Manyoftheseimportsareaimedattheaftermarket,asmostofwhatChinanowexportstotheU.S.marketarestandardproductssuchasbrakeparts,electricalandelectronicparts,andseatingandinteriortrim.ButwithhighratesofinvestmentandstronggrowthinChinabytheleadingU.S.manufacturersofbothcarsandparts,majormotorvehiclecompaniesarelikelytoincreasesourcingfromChina.TherehavebeenasignificantnumberoftradedisputeswithChinarangingfromimplementationofobligationsthatweremadewhenChinajoinedtheWTO,China’sexchangeratepolicy,laxtradelawenforcement,andallegedsubsidiestoindustrialproducers.WithabilateralU.S.tradedeficitthatrosetomorethan$268billionin2021,representativesoftheObamaadministration,aswellasmanyMembersofCongress,wouldliketoachievemorebalanceinU.S.-Chinatraderelations.WithintheChineseindustrializationprocess,nodevelopmentmaybemoreimportantthanthegrowthofChina’sautomotiveindustry,whichisacatalystformanyotherlinkedsectorsoftheeconomy.Inparticular,China’sfocusontheautoindustryandthesupportinginfrastructureanddevelopmentpatternsthataccompanyitmayhavethepotentialtoupsetmanyexistingmanufacturingandtraderelationshipsinsignificantwaysthatare,atpresent,unclear.AlthoughChinesedomesticautomotiveassemblyfirmsappearunlikelytobecomesignificantexportersofautomobilestotheUnitedStatesintheshortterm,theChinesegovernmentappeared,initsMarch2021three-yearplanfortheautoindustry,“AutomotiveIndustryReadjustmentandRevitalizationPlan,〞tobetakingalong-runviewofthesector’sdevelopment.2TheautomobileindustryhasbeenamajordriveroftheU.S.andotherindustrialeconomiessinceHenryFordappliedassemblylinetechniquesformanufacturingcarsandchangedtheproductfromaluxuryitemforwealthyconsumerstoanearlyessentialcomponentofeverydaylife.TheautomobileindustryisalreadyamajorforcepropellingtheChineseeconomyanditsworkforce;themainquestioniswhetherChinawillmainlyconsumeautomobilesinitsownmarket,takeamoreaggressiveexport-orientedapproachsimilartothatofJapanandKorea,orcreatesomemixtureofthesetwo.IndicatorssuggestthatChina,alreadyfarmoreopentoforeigninvestmentthaneitherJapanorKorea,maytakeahybridapproachthatfocusesondomesticconsumptionwhilealsobuildingvehiclesforexportinordertoinduceChinesecompaniestoproduceworldclasscars.Additionally,China’sautomotivepartsmanufacturingsectorisexportfocused,increasinglycomplex,andrapidlymovingfromlow-costtomorevalue-addedproduction.WhiletheglobaleconomicdownturnhashadamajorimpactontheU.S.automotivesector,China’srapidlygrowingautoindustryhasbeenabrightspot—especiallyforforeignfirmswithapresenceinChina.In2021,Chinaproducednearlyeighttimesasmanymotorvehiclesasitdidinthemid-1990s.Withannualproductionof9.5millionvehiclesin2021,itsurpassedtheUnitedStatesforthefirsttime,asthesecondlargestnationalvehicleproducer,trailingonlyJapanintotalvehicleoutput.FromJanuarytoOctober2021,about10.89millionvehicles,reportedly,weresoldinChina.3IfChinacansustainthislevelofgrowth,itwillovertaketheUnitedStatestobecomethelargestautomarketintheworld.中國(guó)汽車分銷渠道分析隨著社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的建立和完善，市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中扮演著越來(lái)越重要的角色。在30多年的改革開放中，中國(guó)建立了一批有實(shí)力的汽車公司，但在國(guó)際化、劇烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中，我國(guó)企業(yè)與國(guó)外汽車企業(yè)的汽車行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)需要國(guó)內(nèi)汽車企業(yè)形成進(jìn)一步研究的思路。快速開展的中國(guó)汽車市場(chǎng)，如何應(yīng)對(duì)日益劇烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，已成為一個(gè)汽車制造商面前的主要問(wèn)題。因此，盡快建立起符合市場(chǎng)運(yùn)行規(guī)那么的中國(guó)汽車行業(yè)營(yíng)銷模式，引入一個(gè)新的營(yíng)銷策略是使流通制度現(xiàn)代化，增強(qiáng)汽車行業(yè)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，同國(guó)際接軌，保證汽車行業(yè)的穩(wěn)定和快速開展的必然選擇。隨著中國(guó)汽車工業(yè)的快速開展，1995年之后汽車流通行業(yè)也進(jìn)入了一個(gè)前所未有的開展時(shí)期。在這個(gè)時(shí)間，汽車流通形式和想法發(fā)生巨大的變化。隨著中國(guó)改革開放進(jìn)程加快，汽車流通形式的思路也得到了廣泛的擴(kuò)展。主要的分銷渠道并沒(méi)有越來(lái)越明顯，而現(xiàn)在演變出分散管理的個(gè)性化銷售。分銷渠道，也稱為銷售渠道：產(chǎn)品或效勞從制造商流通到消費(fèi)者的整個(gè)通道。這通道通常由制造商、中間商(特許經(jīng)營(yíng)人、批發(fā)、和經(jīng)銷商)和其他援助組織構(gòu)成。這個(gè)出發(fā)點(diǎn)是制造企業(yè)或產(chǎn)品的效勞的推動(dòng)者，終點(diǎn)是消費(fèi)者或客戶。現(xiàn)有的汽車交易市場(chǎng)、品牌專賣店、連鎖商店、汽車超市都是直接面對(duì)消費(fèi)者。分銷渠道和商品密切相關(guān)，所有權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)讓不包括生產(chǎn)過(guò)程，也不包括原材料的采購(gòu)渠道引起的所有權(quán)。其不同的銷售渠道包括了原料的采購(gòu)和銷售，產(chǎn)品所引起的所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓也要通過(guò)這個(gè)渠道實(shí)現(xiàn)。換句話說(shuō)營(yíng)銷渠道包括分銷渠道，還包括股票渠道。所以，零售渠道是營(yíng)銷渠道的重要組成局部。當(dāng)研究銷售領(lǐng)域營(yíng)銷渠道時(shí)，營(yíng)銷渠道和分銷渠道是等價(jià)的。因?yàn)榉诸惖难芯恐饕患性谄囦N售領(lǐng)域，不涉及購(gòu)置它的原始材料，因此，在汽車銷售領(lǐng)域中分銷渠道和銷售渠道都是相同的。該研究的汽車流通渠道內(nèi)容非常全面，它不僅需要考慮汽車制造商，也需要考慮流通企業(yè)，甚至是消費(fèi)者。汽車流通渠道涉及新的汽車營(yíng)銷渠道，營(yíng)銷渠道的二手車，遺棄車輛回收渠道，和汽車配件營(yíng)銷渠道，但汽車分銷只涉及新的汽車銷售效勞體系，只有研究汽車制造商的渠道策略。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)研究領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)域主要在新車銷售，因此在本研究提到了流通渠道和零售渠道的概念也可以視為等同起來(lái)。汽車產(chǎn)品實(shí)體主要銷售渠道的過(guò)程，汽車產(chǎn)品實(shí)體流程、付款流程，信息流的所有權(quán)和汽車銷售推廣過(guò)程。汽車產(chǎn)品是汽車制造商從物理過(guò)程轉(zhuǎn)移到最終用戶和消費(fèi)者。生產(chǎn)的汽車后，制造商應(yīng)該從經(jīng)銷商建立訂單，然后交付給與客戶對(duì)接的經(jīng)銷商。汽車產(chǎn)品實(shí)體流程是指汽車所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移由制造商向經(jīng)銷商，然后給用戶的過(guò)程。付款流程是指最終用戶支付的議案，經(jīng)銷商和經(jīng)銷商來(lái)付賬給制造商。信息流動(dòng)的過(guò)程中每個(gè)相鄰組織提供信息并進(jìn)行溝通。汽車促銷過(guò)程是一個(gè)渠道成員對(duì)另一個(gè)渠道成員的影響的過(guò)程。中國(guó)汽車市場(chǎng)已經(jīng)歷快速增長(zhǎng)兩年后，2004年，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)開始放慢。因?yàn)樵?003年熾熱的汽車市場(chǎng)吸引每個(gè)汽車制造商提高其2004年生產(chǎn)方案的目標(biāo)，但在2004年，中國(guó)汽車市場(chǎng)的表現(xiàn)也很糟糕，所以目前每個(gè)制造商的汽車儲(chǔ)藏增加明顯。面對(duì)庫(kù)存的不斷增加，汽車制造廠是除了調(diào)整生產(chǎn)方案，其他的營(yíng)銷方法便是減少價(jià)格，但降低價(jià)格的策略只是越來(lái)越大的傷害消費(fèi)者，所以消費(fèi)者持有這筆錢來(lái)治療，2004年汽車市場(chǎng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)熱潮再次降低了。與此同時(shí)，汽車產(chǎn)品的均質(zhì)化與質(zhì)量提高而將逐漸增強(qiáng)以及汽車類型，中國(guó)汽車銷售市場(chǎng)已經(jīng)是被迅速的銷售聚會(huì)一開始，改變市場(chǎng)向買方市場(chǎng)。在這樣的市場(chǎng)背景，只有分銷渠道可以帶來(lái)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的汽車制造商。這是意味著“獲得分銷渠道將獲得世界〞。一個(gè)重要的環(huán)節(jié)，市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷、零售不穩(wěn)定的分銷渠道的管理效率、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力的工廠和開展平安會(huì)產(chǎn)生很壞的影響。因此，如何建立分銷渠道，優(yōu)良的把現(xiàn)有的分銷渠道，獲得最大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)將是一個(gè)重要的問(wèn)題，汽車制造商面對(duì)。實(shí)際上，汽車制造商已經(jīng)開始零售分銷渠道，分銷渠道的進(jìn)行促進(jìn)其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力提高。汽車行業(yè)，作為一個(gè)關(guān)鍵部門在中國(guó)的工業(yè)化和現(xiàn)代化作出的努力，自1990年代迅速開展。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)已成為世界上增長(zhǎng)速度最快的汽車生產(chǎn)商。中國(guó)的汽車年產(chǎn)量已經(jīng)從90年代末的200萬(wàn)臺(tái)增長(zhǎng)到2021年的950萬(wàn)臺(tái)。從2021年開始，中國(guó)的產(chǎn)量已經(jīng)超過(guò)韓國(guó)，法國(guó)，德國(guó)，美國(guó)，僅次于日本。90年代重型車占中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)量的很大比重。然而，自2000年以來(lái)中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)一直由轎車的增加而增長(zhǎng)，目前產(chǎn)量超過(guò)總產(chǎn)量的65%。盡管全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，中國(guó)的汽車行業(yè)還在繼續(xù)擴(kuò)張。2021年1月至10月，中國(guó)汽車銷量超過(guò)1000萬(wàn)。如果這樣持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，中國(guó)將成為全球最大的汽車市場(chǎng)。與韓國(guó)或日本相比，中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)廣泛通過(guò)外國(guó)直接投資開展而成。這個(gè)投資建立在合資企業(yè)國(guó)際汽車制造商和中國(guó)合作伙伴之間。國(guó)際汽車制造商不可能促進(jìn)中國(guó)出口在市場(chǎng)中與自己的產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。因此，中國(guó)公司也表示如果沒(méi)有和國(guó)外制造商的密切合作，可能難以滿足在工業(yè)化國(guó)家的平安和排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。然而，如果獨(dú)立生產(chǎn)商可以到達(dá)更高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如吉利，他們可能會(huì)成為一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。福特提議出售沃爾沃，吉利可以幫助中國(guó)公司改善其產(chǎn)品。中國(guó)出口和進(jìn)口機(jī)動(dòng)車輛很少。出口增速遠(yuǎn)快于進(jìn)口，其中大多是輕型卡車和客車運(yùn)往開展中國(guó)家市場(chǎng)。相比之下，中國(guó)汽車零部件出口已經(jīng)打入美國(guó)和其他興旺市場(chǎng)。雖然在2021年美國(guó)汽車與中國(guó)的貿(mào)易是微缺乏道的，美國(guó)進(jìn)口超過(guò)55億美元的零部件來(lái)自中國(guó)，而它出口金額僅是那個(gè)的八分之一。許多這些進(jìn)口是針對(duì)售后市場(chǎng)，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)現(xiàn)在向美國(guó)市場(chǎng)出口的大多都是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)產(chǎn)品，如制動(dòng)部件，電氣和電子部件，座椅和內(nèi)飾。但與高水平的投資商和在中國(guó)的強(qiáng)勁增長(zhǎng)的領(lǐng)先的美國(guó)制造商的汽車和零部件，大多的汽車公司可能會(huì)增加從中國(guó)采購(gòu)。中國(guó)已經(jīng)形成了大量的貿(mào)易，中國(guó)參加WTO之后的現(xiàn)實(shí)義務(wù)，是中國(guó)的匯率政策，寬松的貿(mào)易執(zhí)法，和所謂的補(bǔ)貼工業(yè)生產(chǎn)商。隨著雙邊貿(mào)易逆差，2021年美國(guó)的貿(mào)易逆差上升到2680多億美元，奧巴馬政府，以及許多國(guó)會(huì)成員，想實(shí)現(xiàn)更平衡的中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系。在中國(guó)的工業(yè)化過(guò)程中，沒(méi)有比汽車工業(yè)的開展更重要的了，這作為一個(gè)催化劑加快了許多其他經(jīng)濟(jì)部門的聯(lián)系。特別是，中國(guó)專注于汽車行業(yè)和配套根底設(shè)施和開展模式。雖然中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)汽車裝配公司在短期內(nèi)似乎不太可能成為美國(guó)重要的汽車出口商，中國(guó)政府在2021年3月，開始實(shí)行三年汽車工業(yè)的方案，“汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整和振興方案〞，采取一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期觀點(diǎn)的企業(yè)的開展。和其他因素相比汽車行業(yè)一直是美國(guó)的主要工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體，自亨利·福特應(yīng)用流水線技術(shù)制造汽車和改變了汽車產(chǎn)品從富有消費(fèi)者擁有的奢侈品到幾乎日常生活必不可少的組成局部。汽車行業(yè)已經(jīng)成為了一個(gè)重要的力量推動(dòng)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和勞動(dòng)力，主要的問(wèn)題是中國(guó)是否會(huì)在自己的主要的汽車市場(chǎng)，采取類似于日本和韓國(guó)更加激進(jìn)的出口導(dǎo)向型方法，或創(chuàng)立一些混合方法。指標(biāo)顯示，中國(guó)已經(jīng)對(duì)外國(guó)投資更加開放，無(wú)論是日本或韓國(guó)，都可能需要一個(gè)混合的方法，集中在國(guó)內(nèi)的消費(fèi)，同時(shí)增加車輛出口以誘導(dǎo)中國(guó)公司生產(chǎn)世界一流的汽車。此外，中國(guó)的汽車零部件制造業(yè)出口集中，迅速?gòu)牡捅惧X向具有更大附加值的生產(chǎn)越來(lái)越復(fù)雜。盡管全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響了美國(guó)汽車行業(yè)，中國(guó)快速增長(zhǎng)的汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)外國(guó)公司來(lái)講一直是在中國(guó)出現(xiàn)的光明。與90年代相比，2021年中國(guó)生產(chǎn)了近8倍的汽車。年生產(chǎn)950萬(wàn)輛，2021年，第一次超過(guò)美國(guó)，作為第二個(gè)大的汽車生產(chǎn)國(guó)，僅次于日本機(jī)動(dòng)車總輸出。據(jù)報(bào)道，2021年1月至10月，生產(chǎn)大約1089萬(wàn)輛汽車被銷往中國(guó)。如果中國(guó)可以維持這個(gè)水平的增長(zhǎng)，它將超越美國(guó)，成為全球最大汽車市場(chǎng)。

為你提供優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)論文參考資料，請(qǐng)您刪除以下內(nèi)容，O(∩_∩)O謝謝?。。largegroupofteamerchantsoncamelsandhorsesfromNorthwestChina'sShaanxiprovincepassthroughastopontheancientSilkRoad,Gansu'sZhangyecityduringtheirjourneytoKazakhstan,May5,2021.Thecaravan,consistingofmorethan100camels,threehorse-drawncarriagesandfoursupportvehicles,startedthetripfromJingyangcountyinShaanxionSept19,2021.ItwillpassthroughGansuprovinceandXinjiangUygurautonomousregion,andfinallyarriveinAlmaty,formerlyknownasAlma-Ata,thelargestcityinKazakhstan,andDunganinZhambylprovince.Thetripwillcoverabout15,000kilometersandtakethecaravanmorethanoneyeartocomplete.ThecaravanisexpectedtoreturntoJingyanginMarch2021.Thentheywillcomeback,carryingspecialtyproductsfromKazakhstanAsmallarttroupefoundedsixdecadesagohasgrownintoahouseholdnameintheInnerMongoliaautonomousregion.Inthe1950s,UlanMuqirArtTroupewascreatedbynineyoungmusicians,whotouredremotevillagesonhorsesandperformedtraditionalMongolianmusicanddancesfornomadicfamilies.The54-year-oldwasborninTongliao,ineasternInnerMongoliaandjoinedthetroupein1975.Hesaysthereare74branchtroupesacrossInnerMongoliaandactorsgivearound100showseveryyeartolocalnomadicpeople."IcanstillrecallthedayswhenItouredwiththetroupeintheearly'80s.Wesatonthebackofpickuptrucksforhours.Theskywasblue,andwecouldn'thelpbutsingthefolksongs,"Nasunsays.ThevastnessofInnerMongoliaandthelackofentertainmentoptionsforpeoplelivingthere,madetheirliveslonely."Thenomadicpeoplewereveryexcitedaboutourvisits,"Nasunrecalls."Wedidn'thaveaformalstage.Theaudiencejustsatonthegrass.Usually,theperformancesbecameabigpartywithlocalpeoplejoiningin."Forhim,therewardingpartabouttouringisn'tjustaboutsharingartwithnomadicfamiliesbutalsoaboutgaininginspirationforthemusicanddance.UlanMuqirliterallytranslatesas"redburgeon",andtoday'sperformersofthetroupestilltourtheregion'svillagesandentertainnomadicfamilies,buttheirfamehasspreadaroundtheworld.OnMay16and17,nearly100singersanddancersfromthetroupeperformedatBeijing'sPolyTheater.Theirshow,titledUlanMuqirontheGrassland,depictedthehistoryanddevelopmentofthearttroupe."BeingfromtheregionallowedmetoembracethecultureofInnerMongoliaandbeingamemberofthetroupeshowedmewhereIbelonged,"Nasun,thearttroupe'spresident,whoisalsoarenownedtenor,tellsChinaDaily.Duringatourin1985,hewenttoavillageandmetanelderlylocalman,whotoldhimastoryabouthisfriendshipwithasoliderfromShenyang,capitalofNortheastChina'sLiaoningprovince,decadesago.Thesolidergavetheoldmanahandmadesaddlewhentheybidfarewell.ThestoryinspiredNasuntowriteCarvedSaddle,asongthatlaterbecameoneofhismostpopularnumbers.Now,everyyear,Nasunrecruitsyoungsingersanddancersforthetroupe.Thetroupehasalsodesignedanewrepertoire,whichismostlybasedonthedailylivesofMongolianpeople,especiallythelivesofnomadicfamilies,andhascombinedcontemporarymusicalelementswithfolksongsoftheregion.Haimu,a25-year-oldkhoomei(alocalvariantofovertonesinging)singer,joinedthetroupethreeyearsago.Alongwithasix-memberband,heperformsfastsongsandsoftonesthathewrites－allwhileplayingthehorse-headfiddle."AlthoughIlearnedthepianosincechildhoodandgrewuplisteningtovariouskindsofmusic,tome,thefolkmusicofInnerMongoliaistheroot,"hesays."Performinginremotevillagesispleasant.Ifeelathomeontheboundlessgrasslands,andthewarmpeopletheremakemefeelfulfilled."ThefirstroundofspringauctionseasoninBeijingendedlastweek,butitfailedtocreatemuchspringintheartmarket.AlthoughtwopiecesofChinesepaintingfetchedmorethan100millionyuan,thedeclineintradingvolumeandsalerateshowedadownturnthisyear.Inthe“GrandView:ChinesePaintingHighlight〞sessionatChinaGuardian2021springauctions,PanTianshou’srepresentativeworkEagle,RockandFlorahitarecordauctionpriceof279millionyuan,whileLiKeran’smasterworkJinggangMountainfetched126.5millionyuan,anunexpectedhighinrecentyears.However,thetradingvolumefellsto1.87billionyuanfrom2.22billionyuaninthesameperiodtheyearbefore.TheHuangchen2021SpringAuctions,whichrecorded42.5millionyuanintotalsales,experiencedthesame.Thesectionnumberwentdownto5from12comparedtolastyear.AccordingtoexpertShaoJianwu,theartmarketdidnotattractmuchexcitementthisyearduetotheboomingstockmarketandthepersistentproblemsofforgeryandfakedeals.ThetwopiecesofChinesepaintingnotcheduphighpricethisspringduetotheirownvaluenotduetoarevivalinthemarket."Thesuccessfultransactionoftwoworkswithahammerpriceofmorethan100millionyuanonceagainconfirmsthatvaluableandrareworksofhighqualityalwaysearnthelong-lastinghighprice.Chinesepaintingandcalligraphyisstillthepillarofthemarket.However,theoverallsalesratehasdroppedslightly,whichreflectsthedemandfortheordinaryauctiongoodshasweakened,〞saidthepresidentofChinaGuardian’sHuYanyan."Besides,theentryofnewbuyersalsomakescertainchangestothedirectionofpurchasing.Inaword,theoverallmarkettrendisveryunpredictable.AlthoughChinaGuardian2021SpringAuctionshasachievedremarkableresults,itdoesnotmeanthatthemarkethaswalkedoutofthepredicament.Westillhavetowaitforthebigeconomicboomtoinvigoratetheartmarket.〞Evenso,thehotpursuitofsomespecialitemsappearedthisspring.AspecialsessionofChinaGuardianSpringAuctionstitled“FineGilt—BronzeBuddhistImages〞achievedagreatdealwithtotalsalesvolumeof41.89millionyuanand92percentsalerate.The5thShamarRinpocheStatuefrom16-17thcenturyofTibetwassoldfor5.06millionyuan.TheBeijingChengxuanAuctionsfeaturedalmost2,800itemsofcoinsandstampsinthreesessionswithgoodsalerate.TheHuachenAuctionsalsosetaspecialsessionofphotographsundertheconditionoflarge-scaledeclineofauctionsessions.TherewasapalpabledullthudofdisappointmentthataccompaniedthereturnoftheimperialentourageofZhenHuantoherhomeland.ItfollowedacoupleyearsofhushedexcitementasChinesefanswerefedtidbitsabouttheirproudconcubinewhowassupposedtoconquerthehighgroundoftheNorthAmericanmarket.ZhenHuanis,ofcourse,thetitlecharacterofTheLegendofZhenHuan,a2021televisionseriesthatsweptChinaoffitsfeetandlatertookotherAsiancountriesbystorm.Twoyearsago,itwasreportedthatHBO,apremiumcableserviceheadquarteredintheUnitedStates,wasgoingtoairitinNorthAmericaaftersomemodification.Now,acondensedversionthatprovidesEnglishsubtitlesbutnodubbinghasfinallybeenmadeavailableonNetflixforonlinestreaming.Thisversion,highlyanticipatedasamilestoneinChina'sculturalforayoverseas,hasbeenwidelypannedbyitshomeaudience.RetitledEmpressesinthePalace,theAmericanversionhasbeenshortenedfromitsoriginal76episodesat45minuteseach,tosix90-minuteepisodes.Thequickpacingthrewoffmanynativeviewers,whoareaccustomedtoamoreleisurelydaytime-soap-stylenarrativerhythm.(ChineseTVstationswouldruntwoorthreeepisodeseveryday.)Ididnotfinishthefull-lengthversionandfoundthetruncatedonenotdifficulttofollow.What'slost,Ibelieve,aretheinterestingsetupsandpausesthatilluminatetheChineseartofstorytelling.Muchoftheplotisstillthere.Itistheflavorthatwassacrificed.TheAmericaneditionusestheframeworkoftheEmpressDowagerinhersenioryearsreminiscingatthebeginningandtheendofeachepisode,hintingatwhat'stocomeandrecappingthekeypoints.Thisdevice,notusedintheoriginal,isculturallyunderstandablebutartisticallymediocre.Whatpuzzlesmeisthetwonewsongsfortheopeningandendcredits.TheywerewritteninEnglish,butsungbyChinesewithanuncomfortableaccent.TheywereobviouslydesignedtoappealtoanEnglish-speakingbase,butdonotjibewiththeChinesedialogue.Speakingofthedialogue,theEnglishtranslation,pickedapartbysomeChinese,istooliteralformytaste.IcanimagineatypicalAmericanhitbyaflurryofroyalranks,addressesandgreetings,evenmultiplenamesandtitlesforthesameperson.Thefirsthalfhourmustbeaswamptowadethrough,verymuchlikemyexperienceofgettingthroughaTolstoytomewithitsendlessinflectionsofnamestransliteratedintolengthyChinese.Iseethechoiceofverbatimtranslationasaneffortforconveyingexotica.Itisfairlycompetent,withnoerrorthatIcoulddete