2022北大考博士英語(yǔ)真題

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PartOne(Listeningcomprehension)Thereare3sectionsinthispart.InsectionAandByouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenchoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion.MarkyourchoicesonyourANSWERSHEET.SectionA:Conversations5%Questions1to3arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.

1.WhichisNOTthepurposeofMr.Lewis’visit?[0.5分]

A.Toseefriends.

B.Togiveconcerts.

C.Tovacation.

D.Togiveprivatelessons.

2.WhatkindofcellodidMr.Lewisusewhenhewaseight?[0.5分]

A.Afull-sizedcello.

B.Ahalf-sizedcello.

C.Atwo-thirds-sizedcello.

D.Itisnotmentioned.

3.WhatistrueaboutMr.Lewis’cello?[0.5分]

A.Healwaystakesitwithhim.

B.Itwasmadebyhisuncle.

C.Heborroweditfromhisuncle.

D.Hegotaseatfreeforhiscello.

Questions4to7arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.

4.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheresearch?[0.5分]

A.Tomakepreparationsforanewpublication.

B.Tolearnhowcouplesspendtheirweekends.

C.Toknowhowhouseworkisshared.

D.Toinvestigatewhatpeopledoattheweekend.

5.WhatdoesthemandoonFridays?[0.5分]

A.Hegoestoexerciseclasses.

B.Hegoessailing.

C.Hegoestothecinema.

D.Hestaysathome.

6.Onwhichdaydoesthecouplealwaysgoout?[0.5分]

A.Friday.

B.Saturday.

C.Sunday.

D.Anyweekday.

7.Whichpersonaldetaildoesthemangive?[0.5分]

A.Surname.

B.Firstname.

C.Address.

D.Age.

Questions8to10arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.

8.WhatconclusioncanwedrawaboutMikebeforehewenttothecampingschool?[0.5分]

A.Hewaseagertodothecourse.

B.Hehaddoneoutdooractivities.

C.Heenjoyedlifeintheopen.

D.Hewasreluctantandtimid.

9.MikeparticipatedinallthefollowingactivitiesEXCEPT______________.[0.5分]

A.hiking

B.canoeing

C.swimming

D.camping

10.WhichofthefollowingwordsismostappropriatetodescribeMikeafterthecampingschool?[0.5分]

A.Independent.

B.Strong.

C.Determined.

D.Persistent.

SectionB:Talks5%Questions11to13arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.

11.WhathappenedtoJanuary27th,1967?[0.5分]

A.Threemenwereinjuredduringafire.

B.Onemandiedduringthefireaccident.

C.Afirestartedinsideaspaceship.

D.Aspaceshipwaslaunched.

12.Whathappenedin1981?[0.5分]

A.Thespaceprogramwassuspended.

B.Fivemenwereinjuredduringanaccident.

C.Theaccidentoccurredbeforetherehearsal.

D.Noaccidenthappenedthatyear.

13.Whatdoesthetalksayaboutaccidents?[0.5分]

A.Accidentsareunavoidable.

B.Accidentscanbeavoided.

C.Humanbeingsarealwayscareless.

D.Thereshouldbemoreprecautions.

Questions14to17arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.

14.BBC’sweatherforecastisa________program.[0.5分]

A.seldomwatched

B.littleknown

C.new

D.popular

15.WeatherobservationscomefromallthefollowingsourcesEXCEPT________.[0.5分]

A.computers

B.satellites

C.theground

D.radar

16.WhatdoesthetalksayaboutBBC’sforecasters?[0.5分]

A.Theyreadfromscript.

B.Theyareprofessional.

C.Theyuseamapforpresentation.

D.Theycareabouttheirclothes.

17.WhatdoesthetalksayaboutBritishtelevisionviewers?[0.5分]

A.Theyrememberwhattheysawonweatherforecasts.

B.Theyliketalkingaboutweatherinsteadofwatching.

C.Theypaymoreattentiontothestyleofthepresenters.

D.Theywatchandrememberwhatisnecessary.

Questions18to20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.

18.WhichisNOTshowinganincreasethisyear?[0.5分]

A.Numberoftourists.

B.Holidaytravelers.

C.Shopping.

D.Diningandentertaining.

19.Whatdoesthetalksayaboutthisyear’sbusinesstravelers?[0.5分]

A.Therearefewerbusinesstravelers.

B.Therearemorebusinesstravelers.

C.Thenumberremainsthesameaslastyear’s.

D.Itisnotmentionedinthetalk.

20.Whichisthelargestsinglevisitorexpenditure?[0.5分]

A.Hotelaccommodation.

B.Meals.

C.Shopping.

D.Entertainment.

SectionC:SpotDictation10%Directions:Inthissectionyouaregoingtohearareportonthestronglinkbetweensleepandfatalaccident.Somewordsaretakenoutandyouareexpectedtofillinthemissingwordsasyoulisten.ThereportwillbereadTWICEandyouwillhaveoneminutetocheckyourwork.ThenputyouranswersonANSWERSHEET(2).

21.Inadequaterestmeansaweaker___system,layingthebodyopentoawhole___ofillnesses.Ontheaverageamanneedssevenhoursofsleepadayandawomansevenanda___hours.Sixhoursof___sleepisbetterthantenhoursof___andturning,however.Peoplewhosleeplessthansixhoursanightare___foranearlydeath.Somepeople___thattheycangetbywithlittlesleepwhennecessary.Butexpertsthinkthesepeopleare___themselves.Betweensleep___andfatalaccidentsthereisanobvious___.Peoplewhoget___sleeporpoorqualitysleephaveahigherriskof___ontheroad.Theyaremorelikelytofallasleepatthe___andkillpeopleorgetkilled.Professionaldriversand___workersaremostlikelytotakethe___.Theperformanceatworkalso___becauseofsleepdeprivation.Thepressuresofworkdeprivepeopleofsleep.Tomakeitup,theytryto___catnaps.Butexpertsarealittle___aboutthebenefitsofcatnapping.Theytellusthatthecatnapcanneverbea___forpropersleep.Forvictimsof___,catnappinginthedayistheworstthingtheycanpossiblydo.[每空0.5分]

PartTwo(StructureandWrittenExpression20%)Directions:Ineachquestiondecidewhichoffourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.MarkyourchoicesontheANSWERSHEET.

22.Thenuclearfamily__________aself-contained,self-satisfyingunitcomposedoffather,motherandchildren.[1分]

A.refersto

B.defines

C.describes

D.devotesto

23.Somepollsshowthatroughlytwo-thirdsofthegeneralpublicbelievethatelderlyAmericansare________bysocialisolationandloneliness.[1分]

A.reproached

B.favored

C.plagued

D.reprehended

24.Inadditiontobetteringgroupandindividualperformance,cooperation________thequalityofinterpersonalrelationship.[1分]

A.ascends

B.compels

C.enhances

D.prefers

25.Inthepast50years,there________agreatincreaseintheamountofresearch_____onthehumanbrain.[1分]

A.was…did

B.hasbeen…tobedone

C.was…doing

D.hasbeen…done

26.“Imusthaveeatensomethingwrong.Ifeellike_____.”“Wetoldyounottoeatatarestaurant.You’dbetter_______athomewhenyouarenotintheshape.”[1分]

A.tothrowup…toeat

B.throwingup…eating

C.tothrowup…eat

D.throwingup…eat

27.Parentshavetoshowdueconcernstotheirchildren’screativityandemotionaloutput;otherwisewhattheythinkbeneficialtothekidsmightprobably_______theirenthusiasmandaspirations.[1分]

A.holdback

B.holdto

C.holddown

D.holdover

28.Accordingtopsychoanalysis,aperson’sattentionisattracted________bytheintensityofdifferentsignals________bytheircontext,significance,andinformationcontent.[1分]

A.notlessthan…as

B.as…justas

C.somuch…as

D.notsomuch…as

29.TheymovedtoPortlandin1998andlivedinabighouse,_______tothesouth.[1分]

A.thewindowsofwhichopened

B.thewindowsofitopenedC7UO:`na

C.itswindowsopened

D.thewindowsofwhichopening

30.Theladywhohas_______foranightinthedeadofthewinterlaterturnedouttobeadistantrelationofhis.[1分]

A.puthimup

B.puthimout

C.puthimon

D.puthimincd

31.Bystanders,_______,_________astheywalkedpastlinesofambulances.[1分]

A.bloodyandcoveredwithdust,lookingdazed

B.bloodiedandcoveredwithdust,lookeddazed

C.bloodyandcoveredwithdust,lookeddazed

D.bloodiedandcoveredwithdust,lookingdazed

32.HongKongwasnotatargetforterrorattacks,theGovernmentinsistedyesterday,astheUS________closedforanapparentsecurityreview.[1分]

A.Consulation

B.Constitution

C.Consulate

D.Consular

33.AmericanfanshaveselectedYaoinavotefortheAll-Stargame______thelegendaryO’Neal,who______the“GreatWall”attheweekendastheRocketsbeattheLosAngelesLakers.[1分]

A.inheadof,ranon

B.inheadof,raninto

C.aheadof,ranonto

D.aheadof,raninto

34.Professionalarchivistsandlibrarianshavetheresourcestoduplicatematerialsinotherformatsandtheexpertisetoretrievematerialstrappedin_________computers.[1分]

A.abstract

B.obsolete

C.obstinate

D.obese

35.Shealwaysprintsimportantdocumentsandstoresabackupsetatherhouse.“Iactuallythinkthere’ssomethingaboutthe______ofpaperthatfeelsmorecomforting.”Shesaid.[1分]

A.tangibility

B.tangledness

C.tangent

D.tantalization

36.“Theysaidwhatwealwaysknew,”saidanadministrationsource,___________.[1分]

A.heaskednottobenamed

B.whoaskednottobenamed

C.whoaskednotbenamed

D.whoaskednotnamed

37.InGermany,theindustrialgiantsDaimlerChryslerandSiemensrecently_______theirunionsintosigningcontractsthatlengthenworkhourswithoutincreasingpay.[1分]

A.muscled

B.moved

C.mushed

D.muted

38.Hearguesthatthepolicyhasdonelittletoeasejoblessness,andhasleftthecountry_______.[1分]

A.energized

B.Enervated

C.Nerved

D.enacted

39.Themorepeoplehearhisdementedrants,themoretheyseethatheisaterrorist_______.[1分]

A.whoispureandsimple

B.beingpureandsimple

C.pureandsimple

D.aspureandsimple

40.Thisexpansionofrightshasledtobothaparalysisofthepublicserviceandtoarapidandterrible________inthecharacterofthepopulation.[1分]

A.determination

B.deterioration

C.desolation

D.desperation

41._______adecliningbirthrate,therewillbeanover-supplyof27,000primaryschoolplacesby2022,_______leaving35schoolsidle.[1分]

A.Coupledwith,equalsto

B.Couplingwith,equivalentto

C.Coupledwith,equivalentto

D.Couplingwith,equalsto

PartThree(ReadingComprehension10%)PassageOneTheHeroMymother’sparentscamefromHungary,butmygrandfathercouldtracehisorigintoGermanyandalsohewaseducatedinGermany.Althoughhewasabletoholdaconversationinninelanguages,hewasmostcomfortableinGerman.Everymorning,beforegoingtohisoffice,hereadtheGermanlanguagenewspaper,whichwasAmericanownedandpublishedinNewYork.MygrandfatherwastheonlyoneinhisfamilytocometotheUnitedStateswithhiswifeandchildren.HestillhadrelativeslivinginEurope.Whenthefirstworldwarbrokeout,helamentedthefactthatifmyuncle,hisonlysonhadtogo,itwouldbecousinfightingagainstcousin.Intheearlydaysofthewar,mygrandmotherbeggedhimtostoptakingtheGermannewspaperandtotakeanEnglishlanguagenewspaper,instead.Hescoffedattheidea,explainingthatthefactitwasinGermandidnotmakeitaGermannewspaper,butonlyanAmericannewspaper,printedinGerman.Butmygrandmotherinsisted,forfearthattheneighborsmayseehimreaditandthinkhewasGerman.So,hefinallygaveuptheGermannewspaper.Oneday,theinevitablehappenedandmyuncleMiltonreceivednoticetojointhearmy.Mygrandparentswereveryupset,butmymother,hislittlesister,wasexcited.Nowshecouldboastabouthersoldierbrothergoingofftowar.Shewastenyearsoldatthetime,andmyuncle,realizinghowhewasregardedbyhislittlesisterandherfriends,wentoutandboughtthemallservicepins,whichmeantthattheyhadalovedoneintheservice.Allthelittlegirlsweredelighted.Whenthedaycameforhimtoleave,hiswholeregiment,intheiruniforms,lefttogetherfromthesametrainstation.Therewasabandplayingandmymotherandherfriendscametoseehimoff.EachoneworeherservicepinandwavedasmallAmericanflag,cheeringtheboys,astheyleft.Themomentcameandthesoldiers,allveryyoung,noneofwhomhadhadanytraining,butwhohadneverthelessallbeenissueduniforms,boardedthetrain.Thebandplayedandthecrowdcheered.Thetraingroanedasifitknewthedestinytowhichitwastakingitspassengers,butitsoonbegantomove.Stillcheeringandwavingtheirflags,thebandstillplaying,thetrainslowlydepartedthestation.Ithadgoneaboutathousandyardswhenitsuddenlygroundtoahalt.Thebandstoppedplaying,thecrowdstoppedcheering.Everyonegazedinwonderasthetrainslowlybackedupandreturnedtothestation.Itseemedaneternityuntilthedoorsopenedandthemenstartedtofileout.Someoneshouted,“It’sthearmistice.Thewarisover.”Foramoment,nobodymoved,butthenthepeopleheardsomeonebarkordersatthesoldiers.Themenlinedupandformedintotwolines.Theywalkeddownthestepsand,withthebandplayingbehind,paradeddownthestreet,asreturningheroes,tobewelcomedhomebytheassembledcrowd.Thenextdaymyunclereturnedtohisjob,andmygrandfatherresumedreadingtheGermannewspaper,whichhereaduntilthedayhedied.

42.Wherewasthenarrator’sfamilywhenthisstorytookplace?[1分]

A.InGermany.

B.InHungary.

C.IntheUnitedStates

D.InNewYork.

43.Hisgrandfather____________.[1分]

A.couldnotspeakandreadEnglishwellenough

B.knewninelanguagesequallywell

C.knewanumberoflanguages,butfeltmorekintoGerman

D.lovedGermanbestbecauseitmadehimthinkofhome

44.HisgrandmotherdidnotwantherhusbandtobuyandreadnewspapersinGerman,because________.[1分]

A.itwaswartimeandGermansweretheirenemy

B.theneighborswouldmistakethemaspro-German

C.itwaseasiertogetnewspapersinEnglishinAmerica

D.nobodyelsereadnewspapersinGermanduringthewartime

45.Thenarrator’smotherwantedherbrothertogotofightinthewar,because________.[1分]

A.likeeverybodyelseatthewartime,shewasverypatriotic

B.shehatedthewarandtheGermansverymuch

C.allherfriendshadrelativesinwarandshewantedtobelikethem

D.shelikedtohaveabrothershecouldthinkofasahero

PassageTwoWakingUpfromtheAmericanDreamssdsTherehasbeenmuchtalkrecentlyaboutthephenomenonof“Wal-Martization”ofAmerica,whichreferstotheattemptofAmerica’sgiantWal-Martchainstorecompanytokeepitscostatrock-bottomlevels.Foryears,manyAmericancompanieshaveembracedWal-Mart-likestratagemstocontrollaborcosts,suchashiringtemps(temporaryworkers)andpart-timers,fightingunions,dismantlinginternalcareerladdersandoutsourcingtolowerpayingcontractorsathomeandabroad.Whilethesetacticshavetheadmirableoutcomeofholdingdownconsumerprices,they’recostlyinotherways.Morethanaquarterofthelaborforce,about34millionworkers,istrappedinlow-wage,oftendead-endjobs.Manymiddle-incomeandhigh-skilledemployeesfacefeweropportunities,too,ascompaniesshiftworktosubcontractorsandtempsagenciesandmovewhite-collarjobstoChinaandIndia.TheresulthasbeenanerosionofoneofAmerica’smostcherishedvalue:givingitspeopletheabilitytomoveuptheeconomicladderovertheirlifetimes.Historically,mostAmericans,evenlow-skilledones,wereabletofindpoorlypaidjanitorialorfactoryjobs,thengraduallyclimbedintothemiddleclassastheygainedexperienceandmovedupthewagecurve.Butthenumberofworkersprogressingupwardbegantoslipin1970s.Upwardmobilitydiminishedevenmoreinthe1980sasglobalizationandtechnologyslammedblue-collarwages.RestoringAmericanmobilityislessaquestionofknowingwhattodothanofmakingithappen.Expertshavedecriedschools’inadequacyforyears,butfixingthemisalong,arduousstruggle.Similarly,therehavebeenplentyofwarningsaboutdecliningcollegeaccess,butfindingfundswasdifficulteveninerasoflargesurpluses.

46.TheAmericandreaminthispassagemainlyrefersto____________.[1分]

A.therearealwayspossibilitiesofferedtopeopletodevelopthemselvesinthesociety

B.Americanscanalwaysmoveupthepayladder

C.Americanyoungpeoplecanhaveaccesstocollege,eventheyarepoor

D.thelaborforceisnottrappedinlow-wageanddead-endjobs

47.Wal-Martstrategy,accordingtothispassage,isto___________.[1分]

A.hiretempsandpart-timerstoreduceitscost

B.outsourceitscontractstolowerpriceagenciesathomeandabroad

C.holddownitsconsumerpricebycontrollingitslaborcosts

D.dismantlethecareerladderandstoppeople’smobilityupward

48.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?[1分]

A.Wal-Martizationhasbeensuccessfulinkeepingcostsatrock-bottomlevels.

B.Upwardmobilityforlow-skilledworkershasbecomeimpossibleintheU.S.

C.Morebusinessopportunitiesaregiventolow-costagenciesinChinaandIndia.

D.AlthoughpeopleknowhowtorestoreAmericanmobility,it’sdifficulttochangethepresentsituation.

PassageThreeSeniorsandtheCityTensofthousandsofretireesarepullingupstakesinsuburbanareasandfashioningtheirownretirementcommunitiesintheheartofthebustlingcity.Theyarelookingforwhatmostolderpeoplewant:ahomewithnostairsandlowcrimerates.Andtheyarewillingtoexchangeregularweeklygolftimeforrichculturalofferings,youngneighborsandplentyofgoodrestaurants.Spyinganopportunity,majorreal-estatedevelopershavebrokengroundonurbansitestheyintendedtomarkettosuburbanretirees.Theseseniorsarealreadychangingthefaceofbigcities.Onedeveloper,FranMcCarthyasks:“Whoeverthoughtthatsuburbanflightwouldberoundtrip?”Thetrickleofolderfolksreturningtothecityhasgrownintoasteadystream.Whilesomecities,especiallythosewithfewculturalofferings,haveseenanexodusofseniors,urbanplannerssayothershavebecomeretireesmagnets.Between1999and2000,thepopulationof64-to-75-year-oldsindowntownChicagorose17percent.Austin,NewOrleans,andLosAngeleshaveseendouble-digitincreasesaswell.Theremaybehiddenhealthbenefitstocityliving.Astudyrevealsthatmovingfromsuburbstothecitycanwardoffthebyproductofagingsocialisolation.Inthenextsixyears,downtownsareexpectedtogrowevengrayer.Foraffluentretirees,citylifeisanincreasinglypopularoption.

49.Retiredseniorsaremovingbackintothecitybecause____________.[1分]

A.theyfindtherearetoomanycrimesinthesuburbs

B.unliketheflatsinthecity,theircountryhousehavestairstoclimb

C.theyarenolongerinterestedinplayinggolf

D.inthecity,theyhavemoresocialandculturallifeagainstloneliness

50.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat_________.[1分]

A.thereal-estatedevelopershavebrokentheiroriginalcontractsofconstructionwithseniorretirees

B.alifeinthedowntowncityisexpensive,andmostofthoseretireeswhomovedbackintothecityareverywell-off

C.withmoreolderpeoplelivinginthecity,thecitywillbecomegrayandlessbeautiful

D.verysoontheAmericansuburbanareaswillfacetheirlowpopulationcrisis

51.FranMcCarthy’squestionmeans:nobodyeverthoughtthat__________.[1分]

A.peoplewhomovedoutofthecitydecadesagonowwouldmoveback

B.suburbandwellerswhenmovingbackintothecitymusttakeroundtrip

C.suburbanflightyearsagowouldgoincircles

D.seniorpeople’smovingbackintothecitywouldtakeplaceallovertheUnitedStates

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersonANSWERSHEET(2)15%

52.(51)Beingangryincreasestheriskofinjury,especiallyamongmen,newresearchsays.Theresearchersgathereddataonmorethan2,400accidentvictimsatthreeMissourihospitals.Theyinterviewedeachsubjecttodeterminethepatient’semotionalstatejustbeforetheinjuryand24hoursearlier,gatheringdataonwhetherthepatientsfeltirritable,angryorhostile,andtowhatdegree.Thentheycomparedtheresultswithacontrolgroupofuninjuredpeople.(52)Despitewidespreadbeliefin“roadrage,”angerdidnotcorrelatewithinjuriesfromtrafficaccidents.(53)Notsurprisingly,angerwasstronglyassociatedwithinjuriesinflicteddeliberately.Butotherinjuries–thoseneitherintentionallyinflictednorfromfallsortrafficaccidents–alsoshowedstrongassociationswithanger.(54)Thecorrelationsweresignificantlyweakerforwomenthanformen,buttherewerenodifferencesbyrace.Theauthorsacknowledgethattheirdatadependonself-reports,whicharenotalwaysreliable.(55)Whyangercorrelateswithinjuryisnotknown.“Icanspeculatethattheangermayhavepromptedsomebehaviorthatledtotheinjury,ormayhavesimplydistractedtheperson,leadingindirectlytotheinjury,”saidthestudy’sleadauthor.[15分]

PartFour(ClozeTest10%)Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenfillineachnumberedblankwithONEsuitablewordtocompletethepassage.PutyouranswersonANSWERSHEET(2).

53.LastyearFrenchdriverskilled___than5,000peopleontheroadsforthefirsttimeindecades.Creditgoeslargely___the1,000automatedradarcamerasplantedonthenation’shighwayssince2022,whichexpertsreckon___3,000liveslastyear.Success,ofcoursebreedssuccess:thegovernmentplanstoinstall500___radardevicesthisyear.Soitgoeswithsurveillancethesedays.EuropeansusedtolookatthesecuritycameraspostedinBritishcities,subwaysandbuses___theseedsofanOrwellianworldthatwaslargelyunacceptableinContinentalEurope.Butlastyear’sLondonbombing,inwhichvideocameras___akeyroleinidentifyingtheperpetrators,havehelpedspuraseachange.Amonth___theLondonattacks,halfofGermanssupportedEU-wideplanstorequireInternetprovidersandtelecomstostorealle-mail,Internetandphonedatafor“anti-terror”___.InaBritishpoll,73percentofrespondentssaidtheywere___togiveupsomecivillibertytoimprove___.[每空1分]

PartFive(Proofreading10%)Directions:Inthefollowingpassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,ONEineachnumberedandunderlinedpart.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addaword,orjustdeleteaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitwithaslash(/)andwritethecorrectwordbesideit.Ifyouaddaword,wr