2023-2024學(xué)年黑龍江省哈爾濱重點(diǎn)大學(xué)附中高二（上）期末英語試卷（含解析）

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2023-2024學(xué)年黑龍江省哈爾濱重點(diǎn)大學(xué)附中高二（上）期末英語試卷一、閱讀理解：本大題共15小題，共37.5分。AWorld'sGreatestPlaces

Wanttoseetheworld？Eachyear，TIMEmagazinemakesalistoftheWorld'sGreatestPlaces.TIMEforKidspicksitsfavorites.Someplacesareawindowonthepast.Otherslookoutonthefuture.Together，theyrepresenttherangeofbeautyandcultureonourplanet，fromwildlifeandothernaturalwonderstoincrediblehuman-madestructures.Getreadyforanadventure!

IslandLiving

DominicaiscalledtheCaribbean'snatureislandforitswaterfalls，hotsprings，andvolcanoes.Visitorscanhiketrailsandkayakalongthecoastline.Andtheislandiseco-friendly.There'sanewresortthat'sfullypoweredbysunandwind.

FamilyFun

Phuket，Thailand，isknownforitsbeaches.Butthere'sanewthemeparkcalledCarnivalMagic，whichre-createstraditionalfestivals.Lookatthefireworks!AtthePhuketElephantSanctuary，visitorscanfeedtheanimals.Localshopsoffericecreammadewithcoconutmilk.

CityCentral

In2022，Viennawasnamedtheworld'smostlivablecity.Austria'scapitalhasmorethanathousandmilesofbikepaths，andgreenspacescoverhalfofitsarea.There'splentytodoindoors，too.TheBelvedereMuseumjustcelebratedits300thbirthday.

RainOn

ThisisthenewvisitorcenteratElYunque，arainforestinRioGrande，PuertoRico.ElYunqueistheonlytropicalrainforestintheUnitedStatesNationalForestService，andisfamousforitsbiodiversity.PuertoRicoishometomorethan240plantspeciesand18nativebirdspecies.Youcanspotmanyoftheminthepark.1.WhatdovisitorsprobablydoinAustria'scapital？______A.Gocycling. B.Feedtheanimals.

C.Hiketrails. D.Enjoythefireworks.2.Whichplaceisattractivetothetropicalrainforestlovers？______A.Phuket. B.Dominica. C.ElYunque. D.Vienna.3.Whoarethesementionedplacesintendedfor？______A.Adults. B.Kids. C.Elders. D.Editors.BThegrowingicecreamfranchise（特許經(jīng)營權(quán)）isthebrainchildofTomLandis，arestauranteur（餐館老板），whowantedtocreateasafespaceforpeoplewithspecialneedstoworkinthefoodindustry，plustheflavorsaregreat!

AttheDallas-basedrestaurant，employeesservelargescoopsoficecreamhandedoverwithlove.TomLandishashiredpeoplewithspecialneedsformanyyears.Buthecouldn'talwaysprovideajobforeveryonewhocametohisfast-pacedsandwichshopsandpizzajointslookingforwork.Determinedtocreateabusinesswherefriendlinessmatteredandkitchensweresafe，helandedonicecream.

In2015，heopenedthefirsticecreamshop；therearenowsevenfranchisesincitiesincludingAsheville，ElPaso，IndianapolisandDenver.Eachshopcreates15jobsinasafeenvironmentforpeoplewithspecialneeds.Hesaidtwomorefranchiseswereopeningsoon."Ourrelentlessmissionistoemployall，"hesaidwhileinterviewedbythelocalmedia.

Employeesarebehindsomeofthebestideasattheicecreamshops，whichboast（有）funflavorsliketop-sellingDrPepperChocolateChip，andotherfavoriteslikeColdBrew&；CookiesandStrawberryMilkshake.In-storesamplingeventsareleadingtodealwithsomegrocerystoresinthecomingmonths.

WhenLandistalkedaboutthevarietiesoficecreaminhisshops，hesaid，"Itjustworks.Wesellouteverytime."Inthesunnyandbrightlycoloredshops，employeesspreadkindnessandhappinesstotheircustomersastheydishoutextraicecreamandfreesprinkles.

"That'swhaticecreamis，"saidLandiswithjoy.Hisemployeesareheroes."Theyleadme，"headded.4.WhatdoesLandisintendtoprovideforpeoplewithspecialneeds？______A.Akindboss. B.Hugesalaries.

C.Aroomtolive. D.Safeworkingplaces.5.WhatdoweknowaboutLandis'sandwichshops？______?A.Theydidn'tsuitalljobhunters.

B.Thecustomerstherehadspecialneeds.

C.Thefoodtherewasmadeinfactories.

D.Theyhadanovelspaceforcustomers.6.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttoconveyinparagraph4？______?A.Thediversityoficecream. B.Theemployees'creativity.

C.Thepopularityoficecream. D.Thefriendshipbetweenemployees.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeLandis？______?A.Meanbutenergetic. B.Successfulanddetermined.

C.Modestandresponsible. D.Conservativebutpractical.CMostpeoplehatemosquitoesbutscientistsareabouttobuilda"mosquitofactory"toreleasemodified（改良的）mosquitoes.

ThemodifiedmosquitoescarryabacteriumcalledWolbachiapipientis（沃爾巴克氏菌），whichcanbenaturallyfoundinmostinsectspecies.However，it'srarelydiscoveredinmosquitoes."Weactuallygrowthesemosquitoesthatcontainthebacterium，"ScottO'Neill，anAustralianscientistinvolvedintheproject，toldCBCNews.Whenthemodifiedmosquitoesarereleased，theyslowlyspreadthebacteriumtothepopulation.

Severalstudieshavedemonstratedtheinsects'success.Forexample，acontrolledexperimentinIndonesiashowedthatthemodifiedinsecthelpedreducethecasesofthediseasedengue（登革熱）by77percent，accordingtoastudypaperpublishedin2021.

TheWorldMosquitoProgramhasannouncedthatitwillreleasemodifiedmosquitoesinmanyofBrazil'surbanareasoverthenext10years.Theaimistoprotectupto70millionpeoplefromdiseasessuchasdengue，aninfectiousdiseasemainlyspreadbymosquitoes.

Brazilhasoneofthehighestratesofdengueinfectionintheworld，accordingtotheNaturewebsite."Morethan1，000peoplediedofdenguein2022becauseofthespreadofmosquitoes.It'sgoingeverywhere，"LucianoMoreira，ascientistinRiodeJaneiro，Brazil，toldCBCNews.

Anotherwaytopreventmosquitoesfromspreadingdiseasesisbyproducinggeneticallymodifiedmosquitoes（GM）.In2022，theUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyapprovedthereleaseof2.4billionGMmosquitoesinCaliforniaandFlorida.

Accordingtotheagency，GMmosquitoescarrytwotypesofgenes：aself-limitinggenethatpreventsfemaleoffspring（后代）fromsurvivingtoadulthood；andamarkergenethatallowsresearcherstoidentifyGMonesinthewild.Afterbeingreleased，GMmosquitoeslayeggs，sothegenesarepassedontooffspring.Inthisway，thenumberoffemalemosquitoesisreduced，thereforereducingthechanceofspreadingdisease.8.Whatisthefinalpurposeofbuildingthe"mosquitofactory"？______A.Topreventthespreadofmosquito-bornediseases.

B.Toproducemassivemosquitoesforscientificresearch.

C.Tostudythebehaviorofmosquitoesindifferentenvironments.

D.Toreplacethenaturalmosquitopopulationwithamodifiedone.9.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph5inthetext？______A.Itstateschallengesfacingtheprogram.

B.Itprovidesthebackgroundtotheprogram.

C.Itshowstheexpectedeffectoftheprogram.

D.Itindicatesanopinionontheannouncement.10.Howdoestheself-limitinggeneingeneticallymodifiedmosquitoeswork？______A.Bylimitingtheirabilitytolayeggs.

B.Bymakingthemimmunetodisease.

C.Byreducingtheiroffspring'slifespans.

D.Byallowingthemtobeeasilyidentified.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext？______A.AMosquitoFactory

B.ReducingDengueinBrazil

C.ExperimentingonModifiedInsects

D.ModifyingInfectiousMosquitoesDImaginereadingastorytitled"PursuingSuccess."Thatwouldbeaninspiringstory，wouldn'tit？Maybe-butmaybenot.Itmightwellbethestoryofsomeonewhosenever-endingchaseformoreandmoresuccessleavesthemunsatisfiedandincapableofhappiness.

Thoughitisn'taconventionalmedicaladdiction，formanypeoplesuccesshasaddictiveproperties.Obviously，successgoeswithpraise.Toacertainextent，praisestimulatestheneurotransmitterdopamine（神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)多巴胺），whichcontributestoalladdictivebehaviors.

Thedesireforsuccessmaybeborntohumannature，butspecialnessdoesn'tcomecheap.Successistoughwork，anditrequiresbearingthecostoflosing.Inthe1980s，thephysicianRobertGoldmanfamouslyfoundthatmorethanhalfofambitiousathleteswouldbewillingtotakeadrugthatwouldkilltheminfiveyearsinexchangeforwinningeverycompetitiontheyentered.

Unfortunately，successisendless.Thegoalcan'tbesatisfied；mostpeopleneverfeel"successfulenough".Thehighonlylastsadayortwo，andthenit'sontothenextgoal.Psychologistscallthisthehedonictreadmill（快樂跑步機(jī)現(xiàn)象），inwhichsatisfactionwearsoffalmostimmediatelyandwemustrunontothenextrewardtoavoidthefeelingoffallingbehind.

Peopleshouldgetoffthetreadmill.Butquittingisn'teasyforaddicts.Forpeoplehookedonsubstances，withdrawalcanbeapainfulexperience，bothphysicallyandpsychologically，researchfindsthatdepressionandanxietyarecommonamongoutstandingathletesaftertheircareersend.Olympicathletes，inparticular，sufferfromthe"post-Olympicblues."

Justlikewine，successinandofitselfisnotabadthing.Bothcanbringfunandsweetnesstolife.Butbothbecomebossywhentheyareasubstitutefor-insteadofacomplement（補(bǔ)充物）to-therelationshipsandlovethatshouldbeatthecenterofourlives.12.Whatdoespraisefunctionaswhengoingwithsuccess？______A.Ithasnothingtodowithsuccessaddiction.

B.Itmayindirectlycausesuccessaddiction.

C.Italwaysbringspositiveresultsofsuccess.

D.Itresultsinalladdictivebehaviorsexceptsuccess.13.WhydidtheauthormentiontheresearchfindingsofRobertGoldman？______A.Toshowsuccessisatoughandcrueljob.

B.Tostressthekeytosuccessliesinefforts.

C.Toarguethatathletesdeservemorerewards.

D.Todescribetheroutinetrainingofanordinaryathlete.14.Whatcansuccessbringtoasuccessaddictaccordingtopsychologists？______A.Satisfactionandasenseofpride.

B.Anxietyandshort-livedhappiness.

C.Relaxationandendlessmotivation.

D.Confidenceandpermanenthappiness.15.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledoaboutpursuingsuccess？______A.Stopchasingsuccess. B.Chasesuccessatanycost.

C.Reflectonwhatmattersinlife. D.Giveuploveandrelationships.二、閱讀七選五：本大題共5小題，共12.5分。TheHistoryoftheAutomobileTheautomobile，morecommonlyknownasthecar，certainlycountsasoneofthegreatestinventionsinhumanhistory.（1）______

Astowhoinventedtheautomobile，theanswerisnotquitesoclear-cut.WhilesomegivecredittoKarlBenz，whopatentedthefirstgas-poweredvehiclein1886，othersgivethepraisetoGottliebDaimelr.Incidentally，thetwoinventors'companiesmerge（合并）in1926toformthefamousMercedes-Benz.

（2）______ItwasHenryFordwhodesignedasystemofmassproductionthatallowedhimtoproducecarsfarmorecheaply，whichinturnmeanthecouldsellthematlowerprices.By1927，15millionofFord'sfamousall-blackModelTshadbeenproduced.Masscarownershiphadbecomeareality.

（3）______Inventorswereworkingonelectricvehiclesaroundthesametimethatgas-poweredoneswerebeingdeveloped.Thefirstelectriccarwasdesignedin1884byThomasParker，thesamemanwhoelectrifiedtheLondonUnderground.By1900，electricvehiclesweregivinggascarsarunfortheirmoney.Theywerequiet，didnotgiveoffemissions，andwereeasiertodrive，especiallyforwomen.（4）______Theyweredifficulttochargewhenmostpeople'shomesdidn'thaveelectricity.Theywerealsoratherexpensive.Intheend，HenryFord'scheapModelTputanendtointerestinelectriccarswhichdidn'tbecomepopularuntilthegasshortagesandenvironmentalconcernsofthelate20thcentury.

Now，earlyinthe21stcentury，wefindourselvesonthebrinkofyetanotherageinautomobilehistory.Electriccarsaresettomakethegas-guzzler（油老虎）outofdate.（5）______Benz，DaimlerandParkerwouldsurelybeamazedbyhowfartheirdreamshavecome.

A.Butwhywereearlyelectriccarsnotpopular？

B.However，theyweren'twithoutshortcomings.

C.TheywerealsopopularinEuropeancountries.

D.Itallowspeopletotravelgreatdistancesquickly，safelyandcheaply.

E.Andself-drivingcarsmaysoonmakehumandriversathingofthepast.

F.Atfirst，Europeanmodelswerefartooexpensiveformostpeopletobuy.

G.Manypeoplethinkofelectricvehiclesasanewinvention，butactuallythat'snotthecase.16.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空：本大題共15小題，共15分。Onacommonmorningjustinsidetheentrywaytoasubwaystation，ayoungmantookhisviolinoutofitscase.Heseemedquitecommonin（1）______.Thenthemanplucked（撥）thestringsforminutestotunehis（2）______.Afterthat，hereachedintohispocketand（3）______afewdollars，whichhethrewintotheviolincase，hopingthatthepassersbywould（4）______.Thenhebegantoplay，andthousandsofpeoplewerehurryingtowork，school，orwherevertheywere（5）______asthemorningrushwas（6）______.Thoughtheincrediblesoundofthisman'sviolinfilledthesubwaystation，itwasapparently（7）______byall.

Ifhewereanyotherstreet（8）______，perhapsitwouldhavebeen（9）______thatheearnedlittleattentionofpeople.（10）______，heisJoshuaBell，oneoftheworld'smostcelebrated（11）______，andhewasplayingoneofthemostclassicalmasterpiecesonhis＄3，000，000violin.Actually，almostnobodynoticedhisplaying.Why？Onereasonisthathedidn'tlooklikeaspecialman；theotheristhateveryonewastoobusyto（12）______JoshuaBell'sexcellentmusic.

"I'mbusy!"isaneveryday（13）______frompeoplelikethosewhowalkedpastJoshuaBell'smusicwithout（14）______amoment.Allofthisgotmethinking：sometimesweshouldsaynotouselessbusynessandallowforsome（15）______presencesoastoperceivethebeautyaroundus.21.A.appearance B.speech C.personality D.skill22.A.instrument B.behavior C.posture D.switch23.A.sortedout B.madeup C.usedup D.pulledout24.A.payitforward B.followsuit

C.setanexample D.extendunderstanding25.A.suffering B.attracting C.heading D.contacting26.A.inconsequence B.infullswing C.bycoincidence D.bynature27.A.challenged B.criticized C.disturbed D.ignored28.A.performer B.beggar C.promoter D.defender29.A.strange B.awkward C.insignificant D.unreasonable30.A.Furthermore B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise31.A.composers B.organizers C.violinists D.donors32.A.miss B.acknowledge C.create D.appreciate33.A.excuse B.lie C.practice D.conversation34.A.recalling B.choosing C.sparing D.capturing35.A.permanent B.unplanned C.inaccessible D.constant四、語法填空：本大題共1小題，共15分。36.5Gisdeveloping,butmostofusaren'treallysurewhatitisorthereason(1)weneedit.Abigpartofthereasonisthat5Gmeansmorethanonething.Ifyouaskdifferentpeople,you(2)（provide）withdifferentanswers.Expertsbelievethat4Gison(3)wayout.In2020，theU.K.isexpectedtouse5G.Atpresent,itisunknownexactlywhatinfluence5Gwillhaveonpeople'slifebutitiswidelythoughtthat5Gwill(4)（definite）befasterthananygenerationofnetworkswehaveusedpreviously.Workwilllikelybecomemucheasieras5Gwillallowquickerdownloadsandabetterabilitytoworkonlineevenifthereisnowi-ficonnection.Withthe(5)（develop）of5G，driverlesscarswillbeabletocommunicate(6)othervehicles,whichcanreduceroadaccidentsbyabout10%.Oneofthemost(7)（impress）thingswillbethatpeoplecanseewhichseatsonatrainareaccessibleto(8)（they）whenitarrivesatthestation.(9)（get）aroundtheworldwillalsobemoreconvenient.Anumberof(10)（company）arenowworkingonbringing5Gtothemarket.Itremainstobeseenhowmuchofthecountry5Gwillcoverandwhethereveryonewillbeabletobenefitfromit.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)五、書面表達(dá)：本大題共2小題，共40分。37.假定你是李華，你的好友Mary在我校最近舉辦的英語單詞大賽（EnglishVocabularyCompetition）中獲得了第一名的好成績，給了你重要的人生啟迪。請(qǐng)寫信向她表示祝賀。

注意：（1）詞數(shù)80左右；（2）可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

DearMary，

___________

Yours，LiHua(1)(2)38.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。

AlightrainwasfallingasmysisterJillandIranoutoftheshop，eagertogethomeandplaywiththepresentsthatourparentshadpreparedforusandourbabysister，Sharon.AcrossthestreetfromtheshopwasagasstationwheretheGreyhoundbusstopped，whichwasclosedforNewYear，butIsawafamilystandingoutsidethelockeddoor，gatheringcloselytogetherunderthenarrowoverhanginanattempttokeepdry.IwonderedbrieflywhytheyweretherebutthenforgotaboutthemasIracedtokeepupwithJill.

Oncewegothome，therewasbarelytimetoenjoyoutpresents.Wehadtogoofftooutgrandparents'houseforourannualfamilydinner.Aswedrovedownthehighwaythroughtown，Inoticedthatthefamilywasstillthere，standingoutsidetheclosedgasstation.

Myfatherwasdrivingveryslowlydownthehighway.Thecloserwegottotheturnoffformygrandparents'house，theslowerthecarwent.Suddenly，myfathermadeaU-turninthemiddleoftheroadandsaidthathecouldn'tstandit."What？"askedmymother."It'sthosepeoplebackthereatthestation，standingintherain.They'vegotchildren.It'sNewYear.Ican'tstandit."

Whenmyfatherpulledintotheservicestation，Isawthattherewerefiveofthem：theparentsandthreechildren--twogirlsandasmallboy，whoweregettingwetstandingthere.Myfatherrolleddownhiswindow."HappyNewYear，"hesaid.

"Thanks.You，too，"themanreplied.Hewasverytallandhadtobendslightlytolookintothecar.Jill，Sharon，andIlookedatthechildren，andtheylookedbackatus.

"Youarewaitingforthebus？"myfatherasked.Themansaidthattheywere.TheyweregoingtoBirmingham，wherehehadabrotherandchancesofajob.Knowingthebuswouldn'tcomealongforseveralhours，myfatherinvitedthemtoourhometoshelterfromtherain.

Paragraph1：

Themanthoughtaboutitforamoment，butthenrefused._____

Paragraph2：

Whenwegotoutofthecaratourhouse，thethreechildrenranthroughthefrontdoorhappily._______

答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、C、B【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CityCentral部分的Austria'scapitalhasmorethanathousandmilesofbikepaths（奧地利首都有一千多英里的自行車道）可知，游客在奧地利的首都可以去騎自行車。故選A。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RainOn部分的ElYunqueistheonlytropicalrainforestintheUnitedStatesNationalForestService（ElYunque是美國國家林業(yè)局唯一的熱帶雨林）可知，ElYunque對(duì)于熱帶雨林愛好者是有吸引力的。故選C。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)World'sGreatestPlaces部分的TIMEforKidspicksitsfavorites（《兒童時(shí)代》挑選了它的最愛）可知，這些提到的地方是為孩子們準(zhǔn)備的。故選B。

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了《時(shí)代》雜志給孩子們挑選的冒險(xiǎn)之旅。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。4~7.【答案】D、A、B、C【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Thegrowingicecreamfranchise（特許經(jīng)營權(quán)）isthebrainchildofTomLandis，arestauranteur（餐館老板），whowantedtocreateasafespaceforpeoplewithspecialneedstoworkinthefoodindustry，plustheflavorsaregreat!（不斷增長的冰淇淋特許經(jīng)營權(quán)是餐館老板湯姆?蘭迪斯的創(chuàng)意，他想為有特殊需求的人在食品行業(yè)工作創(chuàng)造一個(gè)安全的空間，而且味道好極了?。┛芍琓omLandis想為有特殊需求的人在食品行業(yè)中創(chuàng)造一個(gè)安全的環(huán)境。故選D項(xiàng)。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Buthecouldn'talwaysprovideajobforeveryonewhocametohisfast-pacedsandwichshopsandpizzajointslookingforwork.（但他不能總是為每個(gè)來他快節(jié)奏的三明治店和披薩店找工作的人提供工作。）可知，Landis的三明治商店并不適合所有的求職者。故選A項(xiàng)。

（3）段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段Employeesarebehindsomeofthebestideasattheicecreamshops，whichboast（有）funflavorsliketop-sellingDrPepperChocolateChip，andotherfavoriteslikeColdBrew&CookiesandStrawberryMilkshake.（員工們是冰淇淋店一些最佳創(chuàng)意的幕后推手，這些冰淇淋店以其有趣的口味而自豪，比如最暢銷的DrPepper巧克力片，以及其他最受歡迎的口味，比如ColdBrew&Cookies和StrawberryMilkshake）可知，員工們很有創(chuàng)造力。故選B項(xiàng)。

（4）觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段Thegrowingicecreamfranchise（特許經(jīng)營權(quán)）isthebrainchildofTomLandis，arestauranteur（餐館老板），whowantedtocreateasafespaceforpeoplewithspecialneedstoworkinthefoodindustry，plustheflavorsaregreat!（不斷增長的冰淇淋特許經(jīng)營權(quán)是餐館老板湯姆?蘭迪斯的創(chuàng)意，他想為有特殊需求的人在食品行業(yè)工作創(chuàng)造一個(gè)安全的空間，而且味道好極了！）可知，TomLandis想為有特殊需求的人在食品行業(yè)中創(chuàng)造一個(gè)安全的環(huán)境。Landis是有責(zé)任心的人。根據(jù)最后一段Hisemployeesareheroes."Theyleadme，"headded.（他的員工都是英雄。"他們引領(lǐng)著我，"他補(bǔ)充道。）可知，Landis是謙虛的。A．Meanbutenergetic.刻薄但精力充沛的；B．Successfulanddetermined.成功且堅(jiān)定的；C．Modestandresponsible.謙虛負(fù)責(zé)的；D．Conservativebutpractical.保守但實(shí)用的。故選C項(xiàng)。

這是一篇記敘文。TomLandis想為有特殊需求的人在食品行業(yè)中創(chuàng)造一個(gè)安全的環(huán)境。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時(shí)空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實(shí)質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對(duì)文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息，然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實(shí)際閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)"順藤摸瓜"，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對(duì)比，因果，常識(shí)，上下文等線索確定詞義。8~11.【答案】A、B、C、D【解析】（1）目的意圖題。根據(jù)第四段TheWorldMosquitoProgramhasannouncedthatitwillreleasemodifiedmosquitoesinmanyofBrazil'surbanareasoverthenext10years.Theaimistoprotectupto70millionpeoplefromdiseasessuchasdengue，aninfectiousdiseasemainlyspreadbymosquitoes.（世界蚊子項(xiàng)目宣布，未來10年將在巴西許多城市地區(qū)釋放轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子。其目的是保護(hù)多達(dá)7000萬人免受登革熱等疾病的侵害。登革熱是一種主要由蚊子傳播的傳染病。）和第六段第一句Anotherwaytopreventmosquitoesfromspreadingdiseasesisbyproducinggeneticallymodifiedmosquitoes（GM）.（另一種防止蚊子傳播疾病的方法是培育轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子。）可知，建造"蚊子工廠"的最終目的是防止蚊媒疾病的傳播。故選A。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句TheWorldMosquitoProgramhasannouncedthatitwillreleasemodifiedmosquitoesinmanyofBrazil'surbanareasoverthenext10years.（世界蚊子項(xiàng)目宣布，未來10年將在巴西許多城市地區(qū)釋放轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子。）和第五段Brazilhasoneofthehighestratesofdengueinfectionintheworld，accordingtotheNaturewebsite."Morethan1，000peoplediedofdenguein2022becauseofthespreadofmosquitoes.It'sgoingeverywhere，"LucianoMoreira，ascientistinRiodeJaneiro，Brazil，toldCBCNews.（據(jù)《自然》期刊網(wǎng)站報(bào)道，巴西是世界上登革熱感染率最高的國家之一。"由于蚊子的傳播，2022年有1000多人死于登革熱。它無處不在，"巴西里約熱內(nèi)盧的科學(xué)家盧西亞諾莫雷拉告訴CBC新聞。）可知，第五段用數(shù)據(jù)介紹了登革熱在巴西造成的危害，從而為第四段中"釋放轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子"項(xiàng)目提供了背景知識(shí)。故選B。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句Accordingtotheagency，GMmosquitoescarrytwotypesofgenes：aself-limitinggenethatpreventsfemaleoffspring（后代）fromsurvivingtoadulthood；andamarkergenethatallowsresearcherstoidentifyGMonesinthewild.（據(jù)該機(jī)構(gòu)稱，轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子攜帶兩種類型的基因：一種是自我限制的基因，可以阻止雌性后代存活到成年；另一種是標(biāo)記基因，可以讓研究人員在野外識(shí)別轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子。）可知，轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子的自我限制基因通過縮短后代的壽命來發(fā)揮作用。故選C。

（4）主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合文章第一段Mostpeoplehatemosquitoesbutscientistsareabouttobuilda"mosquitofactory"toreleasemodified（改良的）mosquitoes.（大多數(shù)人都討厭蚊子，但科學(xué)家們即將建立一個(gè)"蚊子工廠"來釋放轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子。）和最后一段Accordingtotheagency，GMmosquitoescarrytwotypesofgenes：aself-limitinggenethatpreventsfemaleoffspring（后代）fromsurvivingtoadulthood；andamarkergenethatallowsresearcherstoidentifyGMonesinthewild.Afterbeingreleased，GMmosquitoeslayeggs，sothegenesarepassedontooffspring.Inthisway，thenumberoffemalemosquitoesisreduced，thereforereducingthechanceofspreadingdisease.（據(jù)該機(jī)構(gòu)稱，轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子攜帶兩種類型的基因：一種是自我限制的基因，可以阻止雌性后代存活到成年；另一種是標(biāo)記基因，可以讓研究人員在野外識(shí)別轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子。被釋放后，轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子產(chǎn)卵，因此基因被傳遞給后代。這樣一來，雌蚊的數(shù)量就減少了，從而減少了傳播疾病的機(jī)會(huì)。）可知，文章報(bào)道了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于通過改良蚊子基因來防止蚊子傳播疾病的研究。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)A.AMosquitoFactory蚊子工廠；B.ReducingDengueinBrazil在巴西減少登革熱；C.ExperimentingonModifiedInsects改良昆蟲實(shí)驗(yàn)；D.ModifyingInfectiousMosquitoesa.改造傳染性蚊子。分析可知，D項(xiàng)最能準(zhǔn)確概括文章大意。故選D。

本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于通過改良蚊子基因來防止蚊子傳播疾病的研究。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。12~15.【答案】B、A、B、C【解析】（1）B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的"Obviously，successgoeswithpraise.Toacertainextent，praisestimulatestheneurotransmitterdopamine（神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)多巴胺），whichcontributestoalladdictivebehaviors."（顯然，成功與表揚(yáng)相伴。在一定程度上，表揚(yáng)刺激神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)多巴胺，這有助于所有成癮行為。）可知，表揚(yáng)與成功相伴，會(huì)刺激神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)多巴胺，它可能間接地導(dǎo)致成功成癮。故選B項(xiàng)。

（2）A．推理判斷題。由第三段中的"Successistoughwork，anditrequiresbearingthecostoflosing.Inthe1980s，thephysicianRobertGoldmanfamouslyfoundthatmorethanhalfofambitiousathleteswouldbewillingtotakeadrugthatwouldkilltheminfiveyearsinexchangeforwinningeverycompetitiontheyentered."（成功是一項(xiàng)艱巨的工作，它需要承擔(dān)損失的代價(jià)。1980年代，醫(yī)生RobertGoldman發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)著名的發(fā)現(xiàn)，超過半數(shù)雄心勃勃的運(yùn)動(dòng)員愿意服用一種藥物，這種藥物將在五年內(nèi)殺死他們，以換取他們參加的每一場(chǎng)比賽都能獲勝。）可推知，本段列舉RobertGoldman的研究是為了說明成功是一項(xiàng)艱巨而殘酷的工作。故選A項(xiàng)。

（3）B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的"Thegoalcan'tbesatisfied；mostpeopleneverfeel"successful"enough.Thehighonlylastsadayortwo，andthenit'sontothenextgoal.Psychologistscallthisthehedonictreadmill（快樂跑步機(jī)現(xiàn)象），inwhichsatisfactionwearsoffalmostimmediatelyandwemustrunontothenextrewardtoavoidthefeelingoffallingbehind."（目標(biāo)不能滿足，大多數(shù)人從來沒有感覺到"成功"足夠過。興奮的狀態(tài)只持續(xù)一兩天，然后又進(jìn)入下一個(gè)目標(biāo)。心理學(xué)家稱之為快樂跑步機(jī)現(xiàn)象，在這種情況下，滿足感幾乎立即消失，我們必須繼續(xù)下一個(gè)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，以避免落伍的感覺。）和倒數(shù)第二段中的"Forpeoplehookedonsubstances，withdrawalcanbeapainfulexperience，bothphysicallyandpsychologically，researchfindsthatdepressionandanxietyarecommonamongoutstandingathletesaftertheircareersend."（對(duì)于那些沉迷于物質(zhì)的人來說，戒斷可能是一種痛苦的經(jīng)歷，無論是身體還是心理上，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員職業(yè)生涯結(jié)束后，抑郁和焦慮是常見的。）可知，成功者永遠(yuǎn)感覺不到滿足，他們的滿足感/幸福感是短暫的，一些優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員職業(yè)生涯結(jié)束后，會(huì)抑郁和焦慮，說明成功能給成功成癮者帶來短暫的幸福和焦慮。故選B項(xiàng)。

（4）C．推理判斷題。由最后一段"Justlikewine，successinandofitselfisnotabadthing.Bothcanbringfunandsweetnesstolife.Butbothbecomebossywhentheyareasubstitutefor-insteadofacomplement（補(bǔ)充物）to-therelationshipsandlovethatshouldbeatthecenterofourlives."（就像葡萄酒一樣，成功本身并不是壞事。兩者都能給生活帶來樂趣和甜蜜。但是，當(dāng)它們?nèi)〈?-而不是補(bǔ)充--我們生活本該是關(guān)系和愛的中心時(shí)，它們就會(huì)變得專橫。）可知，作者認(rèn)為成功本身并不是壞事，但當(dāng)成功取代了我們生活中最核心的關(guān)系和愛時(shí)，成功就會(huì)變成壞事。由此推知，作者建議讀者思考生活中最重要的事情。故選C項(xiàng)。

這是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了成功對(duì)人們的影響，對(duì)許多人來說，成功有上癮的特性，但成功是艱苦的工作，它要求承擔(dān)失敗的代價(jià)，而且成功還是無止境的，帶來的快樂卻很短暫。對(duì)此，作者建議人們應(yīng)該思考自己生活中真正重要的東西是什么。

做這類題材的閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章先通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。做題時(shí)要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行合理地分析，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。16~20.【答案】D、F、G、B、E【解析】（1）聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文Theautomobile，morecommonlyknownasthecar，certainlycountsasoneofthegreatestinventionsinhumanhistory.（機(jī)動(dòng)車，通常被稱為汽車，無疑是人類歷史上最偉大的發(fā)明之一。）可知，本空要說跟"為什么是最偉大的發(fā)明之一"有關(guān)的話題，簡要介紹汽車的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，即解釋前一句為什么汽車是最偉大的發(fā)明之一，D選項(xiàng)"Itallowspeopletotravelgreatdistancesquickly，safelyandcheaply.它使人們能夠快速、安全、廉價(jià)地長途旅行。"符合語境。故選D。

（2）聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文ItwasHenryFordwhodesignedasystemofmassproductionthatallowedhimtoproducecarsfarmorecheaply，whichinturnmeanthecouldsellthematlowerprices.（正是亨利福特設(shè)計(jì)了一套大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，使他能夠以更低的成本生產(chǎn)汽車，這反過來意味著他可以以更低的價(jià)格銷售汽車。）可知，本空要說跟"價(jià)格"有關(guān)的話題，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)"Atfirst，Europeanmodelswerefartooexpensiveformostpeopletobuy.起初，歐洲車型太貴了，大多數(shù)人都買不起。"符合語境。故選F。

（3）聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文Inventorswereworkingonelectricvehiclesaroundthesametimethatgas-poweredoneswerebeingdeveloped.Thefirstelectriccarwasdesignedin1884byThomasParker，thesamemanwhoelectrifiedtheLondonUnderground.（在研發(fā)汽油動(dòng)力汽車的同時(shí)，發(fā)明家們也在研發(fā)電動(dòng)汽車。第一輛電動(dòng)汽車是由托馬斯帕克于1884年設(shè)計(jì)的，他也是倫敦地鐵電氣化的發(fā)明者。）可知，本空要說跟"電動(dòng)汽車發(fā)明時(shí)間"有關(guān)的話題，G選項(xiàng)"Manypeoplethinkofelectricvehiclesasanewinvention，butactuallythat'snotthecase.許多人認(rèn)為電動(dòng)汽車是一項(xiàng)新發(fā)明，但事實(shí)并非如此。"符合語境。故選G。

（4）聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文Theyweredifficulttochargewhenmostpeople'shomesdidn'thaveelectricity.Theywerealsoratherexpensive.（當(dāng)大多數(shù)人的家里沒有電的時(shí)候，它們很難充電，而且價(jià)格也相當(dāng)昂貴。）可知，這是電動(dòng)汽車的缺點(diǎn)，B選項(xiàng)"However，theyweren'twithoutshortcomings.然而，它們并非沒