楊四軍武科大教授單元七 汽車(chē)使用說(shuō)明書(shū)及維修手冊(cè)(課件)-《汽車(chē)專(zhuān)用英語(yǔ) 第三版》同步教學(xué) （人交版）

汽車(chē)商標(biāo)汽車(chē)及其歷史汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)汽車(chē)底盤(pán)單元一單元二單元三單元四汽車(chē)電氣設(shè)備汽車(chē)車(chē)身汽車(chē)使用說(shuō)明書(shū)及維修手冊(cè)汽車(chē)檢測(cè)與維修設(shè)備單元五單元六單元七單元八汽車(chē)維護(hù)汽車(chē)檢測(cè)與維修新能源汽車(chē)概述汽車(chē)商務(wù)接待單元九單元十單元十一單元十二

單元七

活塞連桿組故障診斷與修復(fù)汽車(chē)使用說(shuō)明書(shū)及維修手冊(cè)

學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)

完成本學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)后，你應(yīng)該能：1.了解汽車(chē)使用說(shuō)明書(shū)及維修手冊(cè)的主要內(nèi)容及重要性；2.有效解讀汽車(chē)使用手冊(cè)及維修手冊(cè)；3.讀懂并翻譯相關(guān)英文資料，熟悉操作指南、注意事項(xiàng)等內(nèi)容；4.掌握相應(yīng)專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的英文表達(dá)；5.正確完成課后練習(xí)。建議學(xué)時(shí)4

學(xué)時(shí)Text

Haveyoueverbeenconfusedandupsetbecauseofthedazzledautoparts?Haveyoueverbeenworryingaboutwhetherthecar'srunning-inisperfectornot?Areyoucalculatingcarefullytherefuelinglabelandlocationofyourcar?Doyouspendalotoftimethinkingabouthowandwheretomaintainyourcar?...Atthismoment，ifyouhavereadtheinstructionofyourcarcarefully，alltheproblemsabovemaybereadilysolved．AutomotiveInstructionManual—Aprecioushandbookthatcan'tbeignoredText

Automotivemanual（Fig.7-1)，whichisevenaconvention，isaveryimportantdocumentationthatautomobilemanufacturersprovideservicestoconsumers．Thepracticalinformationinvolvedinthemanualsuchascarusecommonsense，autorescuephones，conservationconsiderationsetc．canoftenhelpyouinthecriticalmoments．Theself－careissuesandautomotivehandlingprecautions，whichhoweverusuallyleadtotroublesduringusing，aremosteasilyoverlookedbythevastnumberofcarowners．Therefore，wecannotignorethemaintenancewarninginstructionsinthemanual．Effectivelyreadinginstructionsisabsolutelyoneofthemostbasicandimportantstepsincourseofdrivingandkeepingacar．AutomotiveInstructionManual—Aprecioushandbookthatcan'tbeignoredText

AutomotiveInstructionManual—Aprecioushandbookthatcan'tbeignoredFig.7-1AutoManualText

Fornewcarowners，therunning－inofthenewcarisexceptionallytheunusualtopicofconcern．Generallyacarmanualwillclearlydefinethespecifieduse－methodduringitsrunning－inperiod．Forexample，Yarismanualclearlyspecifiedthat“toextendvehiclelife，thefirst300km，avoidemergencybraking；withinthefirst800km，donotdragthetrailer，thefirst1000km(Fig.7-3)，refusesuper-high-speeddriving；avoidsuddenacceleration，keepawaysustainedlow－gradedriving，etc.Thedataareoftenshowninautoinstrumentpanel（Fig.7-2)．However，manynewdriversdidnotreadthemanual，butlistentothenetworkorautorepairviewsbeforeexperiencingtherunning－inperiod．Duetolackofappropriateknowledgeonkeepinganddrivingacar，caruserscannotstrictlycomplywiththeinstructions，itresultsinprematureagingcarsandfinallyaseriesoffaults．AutomotiveInstructionManual—Aprecioushandbookthatcan'tbeignoredText

AutomotiveInstructionManual—Aprecioushandbookthatcan'tbeignoredFig.7-2AutoInstrumentPanelText

AutomotiveInstructionManual—Aprecioushandbookthatcan'tbeignoredFig.7-3SRSAirBagandAutomotiveChildLockText

Therearemanywaysandchannelstofindoutwhenthevehicleneedmaintenanceandhowtocareforit．butreadingyourcarmanualattentivelyisthemostfundamentalway．Foranautomobile，securityismostconcernedaboutbyeachconsumer．TakeYarisasanexample，securityisoneofitsbiggestsellingpoint．AlthoughtheownerslearnedfromavarietyofYarispromotionalmaterialsaboutitequippedwithchildprotectiondevicessuchaschildren'slockand6SRSairbag（Fig.7-3)，andwasawardedtheC－NCAPfive－starcrashsafety（Fig.7-4)，itisoftennotclearthathowtousespecificsecurityconfigurations，underwhatcircumstancestheycanplayaroleandhowtoavoidaccidents．AutomotiveInstructionManual—Aprecioushandbookthatcan'tbeignoredText

Theneglectofthesedetailsjustconcealsthesecurityrisks．Likethesimplestseatbelts，everyonewilluse，butmostpeopledonotknowthestandardmethodfasteningaseatbelt．Yaris，initsproductdescription，clearlystatesthat“safetybeltmustaslantfastentotheshoulder，doesnottouchtheneck，waistbucklestretchesacrossthehipaslowaspossible”topreventasuddentighteningfromhurtingvisceralorgans．Havingrealizedthisyouwillnotfastenthecarseatbeltcasuallyanddangerouslyaroundyourabdomen．Yaris'sProspectusalsoclearlyprovideschild－careseatbeltusage(Fig.7-5)，whichrequiresthatchildrenofdifferentagesshouldusetheappropriatechildprotectionunit．AutomotiveInstructionManual—Aprecioushandbookthatcan'tbeignoredText

AutomotiveInstructionManual—Aprecioushandbookthatcan'tbeignoredFig.7-4NCAPFive-starCrashSafetyFig.7-5Child-careSeatBeltUsageText

Inaddition，carownersshouldbefamiliarwiththedescriptionofsymptomswhenautomobileexceptionoccursandthatofwarninglightsfunction．Yarismanualinitsdescriptionshowsclearlywhenthevehicleoccurs“deflatedtireoruneventirewear，abnormalexhaustsound，excessivetirenoise，enginecoolanttemperaturetoohighleadstowarninglightflashesorlightsup”andsoon，itneedtoadjustorrepair．Theownersarelikelytoignoretheseminorproblemswhichfinallyleadtovehiclebreakdownorevenaccidents．AutomotiveInstructionManual—Aprecioushandbookthatcan'tbeignoredText

Inaword，thoughthecarmanualisonlyasmallattendanthandbook，itprovidesalargenumberofinformationwhichcloselylinkedwithowners′drivinglifeonhowtouseit，whentodomaintenanceandunderwhatcircumstancesyoumayenjoyprotectingrightsandinterestsmanufacturersprovides．Readingcarmanualintensivelycannotonlyhelpsyouunderstandthevariousperformanceandmakefulluseofyourvehicle，butavoidunnecessarymistakenoperations，reducevehiclefailuresandprolongtheservicelifeofcar．Therefore，werecommendthatownerscanreadcarefullyslightlyboringbutdefinitelypracticalusermanualwhileenjoyingasoftmusicwithacupofteainasunnyafternoon.Doremembertocarryitinyourcarfromnowon!AutomotiveInstructionManual—Aprecioushandbookthatcan'tbeignored參考譯文

你是否曾因汽車(chē)配件的眼花繚亂而心煩？你是否一直為汽車(chē)的磨合是否完美而擔(dān)憂？你是否正在為汽車(chē)加油的標(biāo)號(hào)和地點(diǎn)細(xì)心打算？你是否又為如何維護(hù)、去哪里維護(hù)大費(fèi)腦筋？此時(shí)，如果你仔細(xì)閱讀過(guò)你愛(ài)車(chē)的使用說(shuō)明書(shū)，以上問(wèn)題可能就迎刃而解了。汽車(chē)使用說(shuō)明書(shū)（圖7-1）是汽車(chē)廠商用以為消費(fèi)者提供服務(wù)的很重要的說(shuō)明文件，它甚至是一種約定。說(shuō)明書(shū)上的汽車(chē)使用常識(shí)、汽車(chē)救援電話、維護(hù)注意事項(xiàng)等實(shí)用信息在緊要關(guān)頭往往能幫大忙。書(shū)中的自行維護(hù)事項(xiàng)和汽車(chē)操作注意事項(xiàng)是廣大車(chē)主最容易忽視的，而往往卻是使用中導(dǎo)致問(wèn)題最多的。因此我們不能忽視說(shuō)明書(shū)里的保養(yǎng)警示。有效閱讀說(shuō)明書(shū)，絕對(duì)是駕車(chē)、養(yǎng)車(chē)過(guò)程中最基礎(chǔ)也是最重要的步驟之一。汽車(chē)使用說(shuō)明書(shū)：不可忽視的用車(chē)寶典參考譯文

汽車(chē)使用說(shuō)明書(shū)：不可忽視的用車(chē)寶典圖7-1汽車(chē)使用說(shuō)明書(shū)參考譯文

對(duì)于新車(chē)主來(lái)說(shuō)，新車(chē)的磨合自然是他們異常關(guān)心的話題。一般來(lái)說(shuō),汽車(chē)使用說(shuō)明書(shū)都會(huì)對(duì)磨合期的車(chē)輛使用方法明確規(guī)定，例如雅力士說(shuō)明書(shū)里就指明“為延長(zhǎng)車(chē)輛壽命，最初的300km內(nèi)應(yīng)避免緊急制動(dòng)，最初的800km內(nèi)，不要拖曳掛車(chē)，最初的1000km內(nèi)，不要超高速駕駛，避免突然加速，不要持續(xù)低擋駕駛?！边@些數(shù)據(jù)在汽車(chē)儀表板（圖7-2）中都有顯示。然而，很多新車(chē)手并沒(méi)有詳細(xì)閱讀說(shuō)明書(shū)，而是聽(tīng)取網(wǎng)絡(luò)或汽車(chē)修理廠的意見(jiàn)就經(jīng)歷磨合期。由于缺乏相應(yīng)的養(yǎng)車(chē)和用車(chē)知識(shí)，不嚴(yán)格遵守說(shuō)明書(shū)上的規(guī)定，最終導(dǎo)致汽車(chē)提前衰老，最后造成一系列故障。汽車(chē)使用說(shuō)明書(shū)：不可忽視的用車(chē)寶典參考譯文

汽車(chē)使用說(shuō)明書(shū)：不可忽視的用車(chē)寶典圖7-2汽車(chē)儀表板參考譯文

要了解車(chē)輛該何時(shí)維護(hù)、如何維護(hù)有很多方法和渠道，仔細(xì)地閱讀愛(ài)車(chē)的說(shuō)明書(shū)則是最基本的方式。對(duì)于汽車(chē)，安全性是每個(gè)消費(fèi)者最關(guān)心的問(wèn)題，拿雅力士來(lái)說(shuō)吧，安全性是其最大的賣(mài)點(diǎn)之一。盡管車(chē)主從雅力士的各種宣傳材料里都能了解到諸如它具備兒童保護(hù)裝置如兒童鎖和6個(gè)SRS安全氣囊（圖7-3）、曾獲得C-NCAP五星安全碰撞（圖7-4）等信息，但涉及具體安全配置該如何使用、什么情況下發(fā)生作用、如何避免意外等具體問(wèn)題往往就弄不清楚。對(duì)這些細(xì)節(jié)的忽視，恰恰就埋藏了安全的隱患。比如最簡(jiǎn)單的安全帶，每一個(gè)人都會(huì)用，但是，絕大多數(shù)人卻不知道安全帶規(guī)范的系法。而雅力士的產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書(shū)里就清楚地寫(xiě)明“安全帶要斜挎整個(gè)肩部，不觸及頸部，腰部扣帶盡可能低地橫跨于髖部”，以防止突然收緊勒傷臟器。如果了解到這些，車(chē)主就不會(huì)把安全帶隨便地，而且是危險(xiǎn)地繞在腹部了。雅力士的說(shuō)明書(shū)里還明確地規(guī)定了幼兒座椅安全帶（圖7-5）的用法，要求兒童應(yīng)根據(jù)年齡階段的不同使用相應(yīng)的兒童保護(hù)裝置。汽車(chē)使用說(shuō)明書(shū)：不可忽視的用車(chē)寶典參考譯文

汽車(chē)使用說(shuō)明書(shū)：不可忽視的用車(chē)寶典圖7-3安全氣囊及兒童鎖參考譯文

汽車(chē)使用說(shuō)明書(shū)：不可忽視的用車(chē)寶典圖7-4五星安全碰撞圖7-5兒童安全帶參考譯文

此外，應(yīng)熟悉說(shuō)明書(shū)里對(duì)汽車(chē)發(fā)生異常時(shí)癥狀的描述和警告燈功能的介紹。如雅力士的說(shuō)明書(shū)里，就寫(xiě)明：當(dāng)車(chē)輛出現(xiàn)癟胎或輪胎磨損不均勻、排氣聲音異常，轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)輪胎噪聲過(guò)大、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷卻液溫度過(guò)高、警告燈閃爍或亮起等問(wèn)題時(shí)，汽車(chē)就需要調(diào)整或修理。而車(chē)主往往可能會(huì)忽視這些小問(wèn)題，最后引起車(chē)輛故障，甚至釀成事故?？傊?，汽車(chē)使用說(shuō)明書(shū)只是一本小小的隨車(chē)手冊(cè)，但卻提供了怎么使用汽車(chē)、什么時(shí)候應(yīng)該做維護(hù)、什么情況下可享受廠家提供的保障權(quán)益等大量與車(chē)主駕車(chē)生活息息相關(guān)的信息。熟讀汽車(chē)手冊(cè)，不但可以清楚了解愛(ài)車(chē)的各種性能，充分發(fā)揮車(chē)輛的作用，同時(shí)還能夠避免很多不必要的錯(cuò)誤操作，減少汽車(chē)故障，延長(zhǎng)愛(ài)車(chē)的使用壽命。所以，我們建議車(chē)主挑選一個(gè)充滿(mǎn)陽(yáng)光的午后，泡上一杯清茶，再加點(diǎn)輕音樂(lè)，仔細(xì)品讀一下那本略顯枯燥但絕對(duì)實(shí)用的汽車(chē)說(shuō)明書(shū)，并切記從此隨車(chē)攜帶。汽車(chē)使用說(shuō)明書(shū)：不可忽視的用車(chē)寶典ReadingMaterial

Automotiverepairmanualgenerallyincludesmalfunctionreadinganduseinterpretation.Itscontentmainlyrelatestovehicleoverview,maintenanceandsafetyprecautions,failureanalysisandmaintenance,importantmaintenance,repairandparametersoftheentirevehicle,electronictroublediagnosisandtesting,entirecircuitlocationofelectricalcomponents,animportantassemblyanddisassemblyofparts,etc.Thefollowingisthefuelinjectionsystemmaintenancemanual,let'sinterpretittogether.HowtoreadacarmaintenancemanualReadingMaterial

ProtestSystemChecks

Thefollowingbasicchecksshouldbeperformedandanydetectedfaultscorrectedbeforeafuelsystemtestisperformed.

FuelsystemA．Lookforbrokenorloosefuellines（metalorrubber).B．Makesurefueltankhassufficientfuel（donotrelyonfuelgauge).C．Checkforwaterorothercontaminantsinfuel.D．Checkconditionoffuelsystemrelatedfuses.E．Checkconditionoffueltankventingsystems.F．Checkconditionoffueltankfillercap.HowtoreadacarmaintenancemanualReadingMaterial

Electricalsystem

A．Ifenginewon'tstart，checkforignitionsparkusingatestplug．Ifnospark，repairignitionsystem．B．Observecheckenginelampsorothercomputerfaultindicators．C．Lookforignitionwiresbroken，disconnectedorarcing．D．Lookfordistributorcaporrotordisconnectedorarcing．E．Checkforcomponentgroundslooseofcorroded．F．Lookfordisconnectedelectricalcomponents．

Battery＆ChargingSystemA．Checkbatterycondition．Aweakbatterwillnotensureproperpumpdeliveryorinjectortriggering．Shouldbeover12volts．B．Checkbasicoperationofchargingsystem．C．Lookforlooseorcorrodedbatterycables．HowtoreadacarmaintenancemanualReadingMaterial

MiscellaneousA．Checkvacuumlinesforlooseordisconnectedlines．B．Lookforwaterleaks．C．Lookforexcessiveoilleaks．D．Listenforanyaudibleairleaksunusualnoises，fuelpumpbuzz（anoisypumpmaynotbeanindicationofpooroperatingcondition)，enginerattlesorknocks．E．Checkvalvetimingandadjustment．HowtoreadacarmaintenancemanualReadingMaterial

FuelPressureDiagnosisFuelpressureproblemgenerallyfallintotwocategories;higherthannormalandlowerthannormaloperatingpressures．Thefuelsupplysystemisaclosedloopsystem．Fuelispumpedfromthetanktothepressureregulatorandinjectors，andexcessfuelisreturnedtothetank．Thefuelpressureregulatoristhedividingpointbetweenthesupplysideandthereturnside．Ahigherthannormalpressureisgenerallycausedbyamalfunctioninthereturnside，andalowerthannormalnormalpressureisgenerallycausedbyaprobleminthesupplyside．HowtoreadacarmaintenancemanualReadingMaterial

Higherthannormalpressurescanusuallybeattributedtofaultssuchas:■defectivefuelpressureregulator■restriction(bendofkink)inreturnline■flexiblecouplingattank■excessivetankpressurescausedbyapoorventsystemHowtoreadacarmaintenancemanualReadingMaterial

Lowerthannormalpressurescanusuallybeattributedtofuelas:■cloggedfuelfilter■restriction(bendorkink)insupplyline■defectivefuelpump■defectivepressureregulator■flexiblecouplingattank■cloggedfuelfiltersockintank■lowpressureintank（vacuum)causedbyimproperventingHowtoreadacarmaintenancemanualReadingMaterial

Restrictionsareusuallycoupledwithalowflowrate，whereasadefectivepumporpressureregulatorcouldmaintainproperflowratebutnotpressure．Ifanyoftheseconditionsexist，componentisolationisgenerallythefastestrouteofdiagnosis（Example;wheneverpossible，disconnectlinesbeforeandaftercompcomponentorline．Checkpressurea