機(jī)電工程施工技術(shù)指南之暖通篇

機(jī)電工程

施

工

技

術(shù)

指

安裝分公司技術(shù)部

2022年12月

-XX.-Jh.

刖百

本指南結(jié)合現(xiàn)行相關(guān)規(guī)范對(duì)機(jī)電工程的通風(fēng)與空調(diào)工程、電氣工程、給排

水工程三個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)施工過(guò)程中應(yīng)注意的技術(shù)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了梳理總結(jié)，對(duì)三個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)施

工中容易忽視的技術(shù)重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了剖析說(shuō)明，對(duì)相關(guān)規(guī)范有歧義的條文進(jìn)行了解

釋并提出相關(guān)建議。

本次共編制三個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)指南19篇，為了突出本指南的實(shí)用性，在編制過(guò)程

中，重點(diǎn)對(duì)涉及各專(zhuān)業(yè)分項(xiàng)工程的功能性和安全性的要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)說(shuō)明，對(duì)具

體施工工藝沒(méi)有過(guò)多描述。

鑒于編者經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足，水平有限，在編寫(xiě)過(guò)程中難免有不當(dāng)和錯(cuò)誤之處，敬

請(qǐng)讀者及時(shí)批評(píng)指正。

目錄

暖通篇

第一篇空調(diào)冷（熱）水系統(tǒng)管道施工技術(shù)指南..................................1

一、編制依據(jù)...............................................................1

二、空調(diào)水系統(tǒng).............................................................2

2.1空調(diào)水系統(tǒng)分類(lèi).....................................................2

2.1.1系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)......................................................2

2.1.2同程系統(tǒng)與異程系統(tǒng)............................................2

2.1.3兩管制與四管制系統(tǒng)............................................3

三、管道材質(zhì)及選用.........................................................4

3.1管材及連接方式選用.................................................4

3.2鋼管管徑、厚度偏差控制.............................................5

3.3管道變徑施工要點(diǎn)...................................................5

四、閥部件選用及安裝.......................................................6

4.1閥門(mén)分類(lèi)、選擇及安裝要點(diǎn)............................................6

4.1.1常見(jiàn)閥門(mén)分類(lèi)和用途............................................6

4.1.2閥門(mén)選擇及安裝要點(diǎn)............................................7

4.2軟連接.............................................................7

4.3管道補(bǔ)償...........................................................8

431管道的熱膨脹量計(jì)算.............................................8

4.3.2補(bǔ)償器進(jìn)行預(yù)壓縮或預(yù)拉伸......................................9

4.3.3方形補(bǔ)償器....................................................9

4.3.4波形補(bǔ)償器....................................................9

4.4補(bǔ)償器支架設(shè)置（固定支架、導(dǎo)向支架）..............................11

4.4.1方型補(bǔ)償器固定支架及導(dǎo)向支架的定位...........................11

4.4.2波形補(bǔ)償器固定支架及導(dǎo)向支架的定位...........................11

4.4.3安裝補(bǔ)償器的管道固定支架最大允許跨距要求.....................12

4.4.4小型補(bǔ)償器安裝方法建議.......................................12

4.4.5補(bǔ)償器安裝注意事項(xiàng)...........................................13

4.5管道穿伸縮縫、沉降縫做法..........................................13

4.6管道排氣及汽水引接................................................14

五、凝結(jié)水系統(tǒng)施工要點(diǎn)....................................................15

5.1凝結(jié)水管道連接.....................................................15

5.2凝結(jié)水管吊架設(shè)置..................................................16

六、支架設(shè)置及選用........................................................16

6.1固定支架與承重支架及補(bǔ)償器安裝位置示意.............................16

6.2空調(diào)冷（熱）水立管固定（承重）支架示意............................17

6.3冷凍水垂直管道導(dǎo)向支架示意........................................18

6.4冷卻水垂直管道支架................................................19

6.5水平管道支架......................................................19

6.6支架復(fù)核驗(yàn)算......................................................19

七、保溫、保冷............................................................20

7.1保溫、保冷層厚度的校核............................................21

7.1.1校核依據(jù).....................................................21

7.2保溫層技術(shù)要點(diǎn)....................................................21

7.2.1保溫施工.....................................................21

7.3保護(hù)層技術(shù)要點(diǎn)....................................................24

7.3.1保護(hù)層施工...................................................24

八、其他注意事項(xiàng)..........................................................25

8.1不同抗震等級(jí)下管道材質(zhì)要求........................................25

8.2管道安裝抗震要求..................................................26

第二篇普通空調(diào)風(fēng)系統(tǒng)工程施工技術(shù)指南.....................................27

一、編制依據(jù)..............................................................27

二、通風(fēng)空調(diào)風(fēng)管與配件施工技術(shù)指南........................................27

2.1薄鋼板法蘭風(fēng)管的制作與安裝........................................27

2.1.1風(fēng)管的制作...................................................28

2.1.2配件的制作...................................................28

2.1.3風(fēng)管支架.....................................................28

2.1.4風(fēng)管加固.....................................................30

2.1.5風(fēng)管保溫.....................................................30

三、通風(fēng)空調(diào)風(fēng)閥、風(fēng)口部件施工技術(shù)指南....................................33

3.1風(fēng)閥選用與安裝....................................................33

3.1.1風(fēng)閥的選用...................................................33

3.1.2風(fēng)閥的安裝...................................................36

3.2風(fēng)口的適用范圍與安裝..............................................37

3.2.1常見(jiàn)風(fēng)口適用范圍.............................................37

322風(fēng)口的安裝....................................................38

四、通風(fēng)空調(diào)設(shè)備安裝施工技術(shù)指南..........................................41

4.1空調(diào)末端..........................................................41

4.1.1風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管+新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)...........................................41

4.1.2全空氣系統(tǒng)...................................................41

4.2風(fēng)機(jī)選用與安裝....................................................42

4.2.1風(fēng)機(jī)的選用...................................................42

4.2.2消聲與隔振...................................................44

4.2.3機(jī)房設(shè)置.....................................................46

五、其他注意事宜..........................................................47

5.1風(fēng)管配件下料制作要求..............................................47

5.2通風(fēng)與空調(diào)工程抗震注意事項(xiàng)........................................47

521抗震驗(yàn)算要求..................................................47

5.2.2通風(fēng)與空調(diào)工程設(shè)備及風(fēng)道的布置與敷設(shè)要求.....................47

第三篇防排煙系統(tǒng)工程施工技術(shù)指南.........................................48

一、編制依據(jù)..............................................................48

二、防排煙風(fēng)管施工技術(shù)指南................................................48

2.1風(fēng)管耐火等級(jí)......................................................48

2.2風(fēng)管連接形式......................................................53

2.3風(fēng)管規(guī)格..........................................................54

2.3.1矩形風(fēng)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)格.............................................54

2.3.2矩形風(fēng)管非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)格...........................................54

2.4風(fēng)管支架..........................................................55

2.5風(fēng)管加固..........................................................55

2.5.1金屬矩形風(fēng)管加固.............................................55

2.5.2外加固.......................................................56

2.5.3內(nèi)支撐.......................................................59

2.5.4金屬圓形風(fēng)管加固.............................................60

2.5.5非金屬風(fēng)管加固...............................................60

2.6風(fēng)管管件..........................................................60

2.6.1風(fēng)管變徑.....................................................60

2.6.2彎管導(dǎo)流片...................................................61

263風(fēng)管配件的正、誤作法..........................................62

2.7風(fēng)管與風(fēng)機(jī)連接....................................................62

2.7.1風(fēng)機(jī)吸入側(cè)連接...............................................63

2.7.2風(fēng)機(jī)壓出側(cè)連接...............................................63

三、風(fēng)口、風(fēng)閥部件施工技術(shù)指南............................................65

3.1風(fēng)口安裝位置......................................................65

3.2風(fēng)閥..............................................................67

四、風(fēng)機(jī)施工技術(shù)指南......................................................73

4.1風(fēng)機(jī)布置..........................................................73

4.2風(fēng)機(jī)連接..........................................................75

4.3風(fēng)機(jī)支架..........................................................75

附錄A防火閥規(guī)范說(shuō)明......................................................77

附錄B暖通慣用防火閥種類(lèi)及功能............................................79

第四篇多聯(lián)機(jī)(VRV)系統(tǒng)工程施工技術(shù)指南..................................80

一、編制依據(jù)..............................................................80

二、施工準(zhǔn)備階段..........................................................80

2.1.室外機(jī)所配室內(nèi)機(jī)數(shù)量校核..........................................80

2.2室內(nèi)、外機(jī)的容量配比校核..........................................81

2.3冷媒系統(tǒng)配管間距校核..............................................81

2.4室內(nèi)、外機(jī)安裝條件校核............................................83

2.4.1室內(nèi)機(jī)校核...................................................83

2.4.2室外機(jī)校核...................................................83

2.5系統(tǒng)設(shè)備選型案例...................................................84

2.5.1背景.........................................................84

2.5.2初選室內(nèi)機(jī)...................................................84

2.5.3初選室外機(jī)...................................................85

254室外機(jī)能力修正................................................85

2.5.5各室內(nèi)機(jī)實(shí)際輸出容量校核.....................................86

三、室內(nèi)機(jī)安裝............................................................87

3.1安裝位置及空間注意事項(xiàng)............................................87

3.2設(shè)備安裝注意事項(xiàng)..................................................87

3.2.1室內(nèi)機(jī)安裝...................................................87

322室內(nèi)機(jī)安裝后檢查..............................................88

3.2.3安裝參照?qǐng)D集.................................................88

四、冷媒管安裝............................................................88

4.1銅管切管及焊接注意要點(diǎn)............................................88

4.2銅管安裝注意要點(diǎn)..................................................89

4.2.1分歧管安裝...................................................89

422存油彎、止回彎設(shè)置............................................90

4.3銅管成品保護(hù)......................................................91

五、冷凝水安裝............................................................91

5.1材料選擇..........................................................91

5.2接管方式..........................................................91

5.3施工注意要點(diǎn)......................................................92

六、風(fēng)管安裝..............................................................93

七、絕熱工程..............................................................93

7.1保溫材料選擇要求..................................................93

7.2管道包扎要求......................................................93

7.3接口保溫要求......................................................93

八、室外機(jī)安裝............................................................94

8.1安裝位置及空間要求................................................94

8.2室外機(jī)安裝注意事項(xiàng)................................................97

九、傳輸線(xiàn)及線(xiàn)控器安裝....................................................97

9.1信號(hào)傳輸線(xiàn)的敷設(shè)..................................................97

9.2線(xiàn)控器安裝........................................................98

十、調(diào)試驗(yàn)收工作..........................................................99

10.1管道氣密性試驗(yàn)...................................................99

10.1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟...................................................100

10.1.2注意事項(xiàng)...................................................100

10.2抽真空、冷媒追加及開(kāi)機(jī)調(diào)試......................................100

10.2.1抽真空干燥要點(diǎn).............................................100

10.2.2冷媒追加要點(diǎn)...............................................100

10.2.3調(diào)試.......................................................102

H-一、其他注意事項(xiàng).......................................................102

11.1室內(nèi)機(jī)顯熱校核..................................................102

11.2機(jī)組能力修正....................................................103

1121室內(nèi)機(jī)和室外機(jī)能力修正的方法................................103

11.2.2室內(nèi)、外界溫度條件修正系數(shù).................................103

11.2.3室內(nèi)、外機(jī)落差及連接管長(zhǎng)度修正.............................103

11.3制熱時(shí)結(jié)霜將導(dǎo)致制熱性能下降....................................104

11.4配電注意事項(xiàng)....................................................104

11.4.1配電注意事項(xiàng)...............................................104

11.4.2配電舉例...................................................104

第五篇單風(fēng)道變風(fēng)量末端施工技術(shù)指南......................................106

一、編制依據(jù).............................................................106

二、變風(fēng)量空調(diào)適用范圍...................................................106

2.1變風(fēng)量系統(tǒng)適用情況................................................106

2.2變風(fēng)量系統(tǒng)不適用情況.............................................106

三、變風(fēng)量空調(diào)系統(tǒng)風(fēng)量控制施工技術(shù).......................................107

3.1定靜壓法..........................................................107

3.2變定靜壓控制法...................................................107

3.3總風(fēng)量控制法.....................................................108

3.4變靜壓控制法.....................................................108

四、變風(fēng)量空調(diào)系統(tǒng)深化設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)...........................................108

4.1單風(fēng)道VAV-box風(fēng)量設(shè)計(jì)余量復(fù)核選型要點(diǎn)...........................108

4.2變風(fēng)量末端選型案例...............................................109

五、變風(fēng)量空調(diào)設(shè)備、管線(xiàn)施工技術(shù).........................................110

5.1鍍鋅鋼板風(fēng)管制作安裝要點(diǎn)..........................................110

5.1.1主風(fēng)管及部件................................................110

5.1.2進(jìn)風(fēng)支管接單風(fēng)道變風(fēng)量末端安裝要點(diǎn)..........................110

5.2變風(fēng)量空調(diào)末端裝置安裝要點(diǎn).......................................111

5.3設(shè)備地址碼設(shè)定要點(diǎn)...............................................112

5.4溫控器的設(shè)置要點(diǎn).................................................112

5.4.1溫控器選用形式..............................................112

5.4.2溫控器設(shè)置位置..............................................113

電氣篇

第一篇橋架施工技術(shù)指南..................................................114

一、編制依據(jù).............................................................114

二、適用范圍.............................................................114

三、技術(shù)要點(diǎn).............................................................114

3.1橋架選擇..........................................................114

3.1.1橋架型式選擇................................................115

3.1.2橋架載荷選擇................................................116

3.1.3橋架規(guī)格選擇................................................116

3.1.4橋架防腐處理方式選擇........................................117

3.2橋架支架體系.....................................................117

3.2.1橋架水平吊裝支架體系............................................117

3.2.2橋架沿墻水平安裝支架體系....................................119

3.2.3橋架豎向安裝支架體系........................................119

3.2.4支架設(shè)置節(jié)點(diǎn).................................................120

3.3橋架本體安裝節(jié)點(diǎn)..................................................121

3.4橋架接地.........................................................127

3.5橋架封堵.........................................................129

第二篇母線(xiàn)槽施工技術(shù)指南................................................133

一、編制依據(jù).............................................................133

二、適用范圍.............................................................133

三、技術(shù)要點(diǎn).............................................................133

3.1母線(xiàn)選擇..........................................................133

3.1.1母線(xiàn)的型式介紹..............................................134

3.1.2母線(xiàn)的額定電流計(jì)算..........................................135

3.2母線(xiàn)本體安裝要點(diǎn).................................................136

3.3母線(xiàn)支吊架體系...................................................141

3.3.1母線(xiàn)水平安裝支架體系........................................142

3.3.2母線(xiàn)豎向安裝支架體系........................................144

3.4防火封堵........................................................144

第三篇照明施工技術(shù)指南..................................................146

一、編制依據(jù).............................................................146

二、適用范圍.............................................................146

三、技術(shù)要點(diǎn).............................................................146

3.1照明系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)......................................................146

3.2燈具分類(lèi).........................................................147

3.3照明配電與控制...................................................149

3.3.1照明配電....................................................149

3.3.2照明控制....................................................150

3.4常見(jiàn)燈具的安裝...................................................153

3.5開(kāi)關(guān)、插座的安裝.................................................157

3.6風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管溫控面板安裝.............................................158

第四篇變壓器施工技術(shù)指南................................................160

一、編制依據(jù)............................................................160

二、適用范圍.............................................................160

三、技術(shù)要點(diǎn).............................................................160

3.1變壓器選型........................................................161

3.2變壓器裝卸.......................................................161

3.3變壓器進(jìn)場(chǎng)驗(yàn)收...................................................162

3.4變壓器安裝建筑條件...............................................162

3.5干式變壓器安裝...................................................163

3.6箱式變電站安裝...................................................165

3.7變壓器接地.......................................................168

3.7.1室內(nèi)變配電所變壓器接地......................................168

3.7.2箱式變電站接地..............................................169

3.8變壓器常用試驗(yàn)...................................................170

第五篇10KV及以下電纜施工技術(shù)指南.......................................175

一、編制依據(jù).............................................................175

二、適用范圍.............................................................175

三、技術(shù)要點(diǎn).............................................................175

3.1電纜溝敷設(shè)........................................................175

3.2排管敷設(shè).........................................................178

3.3建筑物內(nèi)敷設(shè).....................................................179

3.4電纜接地.........................................................180

3.5電纜固定..........................................................182

3.6電纜拉力及側(cè)壓力計(jì)算.............................................182

3.6.1電纜敷設(shè)時(shí)牽引力和側(cè)壓力計(jì)算................................183

3.6.2電纜敷設(shè)時(shí)牽引力和側(cè)壓力計(jì)算實(shí)例............................183

第六篇防雷接地施工技術(shù)指南..............................................186

一、編制依據(jù).............................................................186

二、適用范圍.............................................................186

三、技術(shù)要點(diǎn).............................................................186

3.1防雷裝置..........................................................187

3.1.1防雷系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介................................................187

3.1.2防雷系統(tǒng)組成................................................188

3.1.3接閃器......................................................189

3.1.4引下線(xiàn)......................................................193

3.1.5浪涌保護(hù)器（SPD）..........................................193

3.2接地裝置.........................................................194

3.2.1接地系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介................................................194

3.2.2接地系統(tǒng)組成................................................195

3.2.3接地極......................................................196

3.2.4接地導(dǎo)體....................................................199

325接地測(cè)試端子.................................................201

3.3等電位聯(lián)結(jié).......................................................202

3.3.1等電位簡(jiǎn)介..................................................202

3.3.2等電位組成..................................................202

3.3.3總等電位聯(lián)結(jié)................................................202

3.3.4局部等電位聯(lián)結(jié)..............................................205

給排水篇

第一篇室內(nèi)給水管及附件施工技術(shù)指南......................................208

一、編制依據(jù).............................................................208

二、適用范圍.............................................................208

三、室內(nèi)給水系統(tǒng)選擇要點(diǎn).................................................209

3.1給水系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)......................................................209

四、塑料給水管技術(shù)要點(diǎn)...................................................211

4.1給水塑料管的選用.................................................211

4.1.1常用給水塑料管管材選用......................................211

4.1.2壁厚及壓力選用..............................................211

4.2管道安裝要點(diǎn).....................................................213

五、不銹鋼給水管技術(shù)要點(diǎn).................................................227

5.1連接方式選用要點(diǎn).................................................227

5.2管道安裝要點(diǎn).....................................................227

六、給水管道附件.........................................................242

6.1給水管道附件安裝要點(diǎn)..............................................242

第二篇室內(nèi)常見(jiàn)給水設(shè)備施工技術(shù)指南......................................250

一、編制依據(jù).............................................................250

二、適用范圍.............................................................250

三、技術(shù)要點(diǎn).............................................................250

3.1成品水箱選用及安裝...............................................250

3.1.1成品水箱選用要點(diǎn)............................................250

3.1.2不銹鋼組合水箱本體安裝要點(diǎn)..................................254

3.1.3不銹鋼水箱布置要點(diǎn)..........................................260

3.2二次加壓供水設(shè)備.................................................262

3.2.1二次加壓供水設(shè)備類(lèi)別........................................262

3.2.2水泵減振器選型..............................................262

3.2.3水泵減振器布置及安裝........................................264

3.3給水二次消毒設(shè)備.................................................267

331常見(jiàn)消毒設(shè)備選用表...........................................267

3.3.2消毒器安裝要點(diǎn)...............................................268

第三篇室外給水管道及附屬設(shè)施施工技術(shù)指南................................271

一、編制依據(jù).............................................................271

二、適用范圍.............................................................271

三、技術(shù)要點(diǎn).............................................................272

3.1室外給水管道材料選擇.............................................272

3.2管線(xiàn)敷設(shè)的要點(diǎn)...................................................273

3.2.1給水管線(xiàn)距離其他管線(xiàn)及構(gòu)筑物間距............................273

3.2.2給水管敷設(shè)要求..............................................274

3.3管道支墩施工技術(shù)要點(diǎn).............................................275

3.4管道附件施工技術(shù)要點(diǎn).............................................278

3.5管道防腐施工技術(shù)要點(diǎn).............................................286

3.6管道試壓技術(shù)要點(diǎn).................................................289

第四篇室內(nèi)排水塑料管及附件施工技術(shù)指南..................................290

一、編制依據(jù).............................................................290

二、適用范圍.............................................................290

三、各類(lèi)塑料管排水管選用要點(diǎn).............................................290

四、技術(shù)要點(diǎn).............................................................292

4.1常見(jiàn)管件選用.....................................................292

4.2管道安裝技術(shù)要點(diǎn).................................................295

4.3支架安裝技術(shù)要點(diǎn).................................................310

4.4排水管道附件安裝大樣.............................................314

4.5塑料管排水管與其他不同管材之間的接駁轉(zhuǎn)換.........................315

4.6抗水封破壞的技術(shù)措施.............................................317

第五篇室內(nèi)鑄鐵排水管施工技術(shù)指南........................................319

一、編制依據(jù).............................................................319

二、適用范圍.............................................................319

三、柔性接口鑄鐵排水管選用要點(diǎn)...........................................319

3.1柔性接口鑄鐵排水管適用場(chǎng)景.......................................319

3.2柔性鑄鐵排水管接方式.............................................321

四、技術(shù)要點(diǎn).............................................................323

4.1常見(jiàn)管件選用.....................................................323

4.2管道安裝技術(shù)要點(diǎn).................................................327

4.3支架安裝技術(shù)要點(diǎn).................................................