2017考研《英語一》閱讀真題及答案(勤思版)

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SectionIlReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Firsttwohours,nowthreehours-thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.

Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.

Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweaponsbothfakeandreal-pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingChicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome-butthelinesareobvious.

Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlines

stronglydisputethis.

ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassa

backgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.

Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock.Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinance

PreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.

TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.

21.thecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto

[A]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.

[B]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorUSairports.

[C]explainAmericans'toleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.

[D]emphasistheimportanceofprivacyprotection.

【答案】[C]explainAmericans'toleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.

22.whichofthefollowingcontributionstolongwaitsatmajorairport?

[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.

[B]ThedecliningeficiencyoftheTSA.

[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.

[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.

【答案】[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.

23.Theword"expedited"(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]faster.

[B]quieter.

[C]wider.

[D]cheaper.

【答案】[A]faster.

24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis

[A]Adramaticreductionofitsscale.

[B]Itswrongly-directedimplementation.

[C]Thegovernment'sreluctancetobackit.

[D]Anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.

【答案】[D]Anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety

[B]PreCheck-aBelatedSolution

[C]GettingStuckinSecurityLines

[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes

【答案】[B]PreCheck-aBelatedSolution

Text2

"TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,"wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawai'slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.

AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerful

telescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.

OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasoncea

sovereignnation.

Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,they

forgotthatscienceistheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheisland'sinhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.

Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexplorethe

heavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythat

astronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.

TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosento

minimizethetelescope'svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.Tolimitthe

numberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoa

naturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandto

studythestars.

26.QueenLiliuokalani'sremarkinParagraph1indicates

[A]itsconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.

[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.

[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.

[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers'featsinhertime.

【答案】[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.

27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto

[A]itsgeographicalfeatures

[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.

[C]itsreligiousimplications.

[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.

【答案】[A]itsgeographicalfeatures

28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause

[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.

[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.

[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.

[D]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.

【答案】[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.

29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday'sastronomy

[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.

[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.

[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.

[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiians'hostility.

【答案】[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.

30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof

[A]severecriticism.

[B]passiveacceptance.

[C]slighthesitancy.

[D]fullapproval.

【答案】[D]fullapproval.

Text3

RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures"everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile."WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomentto

assesswhathewasreferringto.

ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeen

yandtheenvironment./p>pbdsfid="133">00Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn

ksverydifferent./p>pbdsfid="134">00So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhile

ameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironme

eing./p>pbdsfid="135">00ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheU

owth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyw

dsfid="139">00[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP./p>pbdsfid="140">00[D]hadalowop

ttoremolditseconomicpattern./p>pbdsfid="144">00[B]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessi

ies./p>pbdsfid="169">00Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unle

n'slpigoielecgaalldinifeinvisknidtfiitaislctitdcfil7E1l"e>clrt

tebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,maki

yictut

ssdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound./

swidelydefiedintheUK./p>pbdsfid="145">00[C]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworld

shaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalit

ntalqualityoreducationoutcomes-allthingsthatcontributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-b

GDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,as

orryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress./p

in>0io0n3o2fGItaPn.pe>inpfrsefdidfm14P1a0g0rTp{hH2a[/]ph>apdbadlwfido=p"i4io3n"o>f0D[AP]bKdiseidl"

:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry'ssuccess,theworldloo

Kcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgr

geststhat/p>pbdsfid="155">00[A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom./p>pbdsfid

theenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,therwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry'seconomic

prospects?

Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesare

performing.

Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentth

decline.Yetthisisn'tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrie

osn

raisedtheUKforitsGDP./p>pbdsfid="138">00[B]identifiedGDPwithhappiness./p>pb

>pbdsfid="136">0031.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe/p>pbdsfid="137">00[A]p

economy./p>pbdsfid="146">00[D]policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoG

DP./p>pbdsfid="147">000T{Hh0[B]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedinthe

UK./p>pbdsfid="148">0033.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy

/p>pbdsfid="149">00[A]ltissponsoredby163countries./p>pbdsfid="150">00[B]lte

xcludesGDPasanindicator./p>pbdsfid="151">00[C]ltscriteriaarequestionable./p>p

ultsareenlightening./p>pbdsfid="154">0034.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsug

bdsfid="152">00[D]ltsresultsareenlightening./p>pbdsfid="153">000T{Hh0[D]ltsres

="156">00[B]highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline./p>pbdsfid="157">00[C]itis

essentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP./p>pbdsfid="158">00[D]itrequirescautiont

ohandleeconomicissues./p>pbdsfid="159">000T{Hh0[C]itisessentialtoconsiderfact

orsbeyondGDP./p>pbdsfid="160">0035.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthete

xt?/p>pbdsfid="161">00[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLesson/p>pbdsf

id="162">00[B]GDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth/p>pbdsfid="163">0

0[C]RebortF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP/p>pbdsfid="164">00[D]Brexit,theUK'sGa

t-nii40/{>Hphb0d[f7quiilni

ng,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnel.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,w

nyseekingaccesstogovernment./p>pbdsfid="168">00Thehighcourt'sdecisionsaidth

hichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompa

orsis"distasteful"and"nasty."Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcre

p>pbdsfid="170">00Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdo

cutionforbribery."Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,"wroteCh

iefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,"assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirco

outeachelectedleader'ssourceofwealth./p>pbdsfid="173">00Favoritisminofficiala

cialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthe

qualintreatmentbygovernment-isundermined.Goodgovernancerestsonanunderstan

stepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism./p>pbdsfid="

175">0036.Theunderminedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourt/p>pb

temptuousofMcDonnell'sconduct./p>pbdsfid="179">00[D]refusedtocommentonMcD

sforgift-givers./p>pbdsfid="185">00[D]breakingcontractsofficially./p>pbdsfid="18

lingisbasedontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsare/p>pbdsfid="188">00[A]iustifie

lindependentlywithbureaucraticissues./p>pbdsfid="190">00[C]allowedtofocusont

hargeoffavoritism./p>pbdsfid="192">000T{Hh0[A]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoft

encyareneededto/p>pbdsfid="194">00[A]awakentheconscienceofofficials./p>pbds

fid="195">00[B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess./p>pbdsfid="196">00[C]allowfo

eared,apublishingfirmapproachedDickenstowriteastoryinmonthlyinstallments,asa

atedtheideaforthestory.Withcharacteristicconfidence,Dickenssuccessfullyinsiste

nstituentsandactontheirconcerns."/p>pbdsfid="172">00Buttherulingreinforcesthe

transparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationab

ccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratheroffi

wealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety-thatallaree

]l.on

="183">00[B]sizablegainsintheformofgifts./p>pbdsfid="184">00[C]concretereturn

heconcernsoftheirsupporters./p>pbdsfid="191">00[D]exemptfromconvictiononthec

onnell'sethics./p>pbdsfid="180">000T{Hh0[C]wascontemptuousofMcDonnell'scond

edbox.ParagraphsBandDhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSH

dingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual./p>pbdsfid="174">00Thecourt'srulingisa

heirconstituents./p>pbdsfid="193">0039.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttranspar

dinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents./p>pbdsfid="189">00[B]qualifiedtodea

6">000T{Hh0[C]concretereturnsforgift-givers./p>pbdsfid="187">0038.Thecourt'sru

rcertainkindsoflobbying./p>pbdsfid="197">00[D]inspirehopesinaveragepeople./p>

backdropforaseriesofwoodcutsbytheten-famousartistRobertSeymour,whohadorigin

tist.Thecomicnovel,ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,appearedseriallyin1

smustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprose

needforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofa

ccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformati

nationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforcedlawsingovernment

onorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacampaigndo

iveonlyifitinvolves/p>pbdsfid="182">00[A]leakingsecretsintentionally./p>pbdsfid

uct./p>pbdsfid="181">0037.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorrupt

pbdsfid="198">000T{Hh0[B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess./p>pbdsfid="199">0

040.Theauthor'sattitudetowardthecourt'srulingis/p>pbdsfid="200">00[A]sarcastic

./p>pbdsfid="201">00[B]tolerant./p>pbdsfid="202">00[C]skeptical./p>pbdsfid="20

3">00[D]supportive/p>pbdsfid="204">000T{Hh0[D]supportive/p>pbdsfid="205">00

PartB/p>pbdsfid="206">00Directions:/p>pbdsfid="207">00Thefollowingparagraph

agraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillingthemintothenumber

saregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizethesepar

EET.(10points)/p>pbdsfid="208">00[A]Thefirstpublishedsketch,"ADinneratPoplar

Walk"broughttearstoDickens'seyeswhenhediscovereditinthepagesofTheMonthlyMa

gazine.Fromthenonhissketches,whichappearedunderthepenname"Boz"inTheEveni

ngChronicle,earnedhimamodestreputation./p>pbdsfid="209">00[B]Therunawaysuc

cessofThePickwickPapers,asitisgenerallyknowntoday,securedDickens'sfame.Ther

wick,becameanationalfigure./p>pbdsfid="210">00[C]SoonafterSketchesbyBozapp

ewerePickwickcoatsandPickwickcigars,andtheplump,spectacledhero,SamuelPick

easurebycommittingsuicide.Dickensandhispublisherssimplypressedonwithanewar

dthatSeymour'spicturesillustratehisownstoryinstead.Afterthefirstinstallment,Dick

enswrotetotheartistandaskedhimtocorrectadrawingDickensfeltwasnotfaithfulenou

ghtohisprose.Seymourmadethechange,wentintohisbackyard,andexpressedhisdispl

836and1837,andwasfirstpublishedinbookformin1837.1p>pbdsfid="211">00[D]Char

lesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand,tomanypeople,thegreatestEnglishnovelis

tofthe19thcentury.Amoralist,satirist,andsocialreformer.Dickenscraftedcomplexplo

tsandstrikingcharactersthatcapturethepanoramaofEnglishsociety./p>pbdsfid="212

">00[E]Soonafterhisfather'sreleasefromprison,Dickensgotabetterjobaserrandboyi

England'ssoutherncoast.HisfatherwasaclerkintheBritishnavypayoffice-arespectat

kee