2023學(xué)年完整公開課版3定語從句

第三講定語從句0102定語從句的種類1.限制性定語從句

|2.非限制性定語從句關(guān)系詞的用法1.關(guān)系代詞的用法

|2.關(guān)系副詞的用法

3.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別4.“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句5.as引導(dǎo)的定語從句及其與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別I.單句語法填空II.單句改錯III.翻譯句子IV.語法填空V.短文改錯1.定語從句中的主謂一致

|2.非限制性定語從句與并列句的區(qū)別

|3.定語從句與地點(diǎn)狀語從句的區(qū)別04針對訓(xùn)練03定語從句的幾個問題定語從句的種類在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。定語從句限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句1．限制性定語從句它是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切，書寫時不可用逗號分開。如果關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語，關(guān)系代詞通?？梢允÷?。Doyouknowthegirlwhojustcamein?你認(rèn)識那個剛剛進(jìn)來的女孩嗎？Shanghaiisacity(that)I'vealwayswantedtovisit.上海是我一直想?yún)⒂^的城市。ThetimewhenIfirstmetMr.White

wasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.我第一次遇見懷特先生是我一生中非常困難的時期。2．非限制性定語從句它只是對先行詞作附加補(bǔ)充說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。這種從句與主句的關(guān)系不是很密切，書寫時往往用逗號分開。非限制性定語從句一般不用that引導(dǎo)。Theoldwoman,wholivesonherown,

hasacatforcompany.這個老婦人一個人住，養(yǎng)了一只貓陪伴她。Beijing,whichisthecapitalcityofChina,isaverybeautifulcity.中國的首都北京是一座非常美麗的城市。關(guān)系詞的用法關(guān)系詞三重作用連接主句與從句在從句中作句子成分指代先行詞1．關(guān)系代詞的用法幾個常見關(guān)系代詞的基本用法01關(guān)系代詞先行詞所作成分是否可省that物/人主語/賓語作賓語時可以省略，前有介詞時不可省略which物主語/賓語who人主語/賓語whom人賓語whose物/人定語不可以省略1．關(guān)系代詞的用法幾個常見關(guān)系代詞的基本用法01Howdoyoulikethefilmwhich/thatwasshownlastSunday?你認(rèn)為上周日上映的電影怎么樣？Heworkedoutthemostdifficultproblemthat

Ihadeverseen.他解答出了我所見過最難的題目。Childrenwho

arenotactiveorwhose

dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.不愛活動或飲食富含高脂肪的孩子體重會增加很快。Hehasmovedintoahousewhose

windowlooksoutoverthesea.他已經(jīng)搬進(jìn)了一個窗子朝向大海的房子。1．關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞that與which的用法辨析02Henryisthemost

energeticyoungmanthat

Ihaveevercomeacross.亨利是我見過的最有活力的年輕人。在限制性定語從句中指代物時，which和that一般可通用。但要注意以下幾種情況：只用that而不用which的情況?先行詞有形容詞最高級修飾時?先行詞有序數(shù)詞修飾時Thisisthethird

timethat

theyhavemet.這是他們第三次見面。1．關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞that與which的用法辨析02Hetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachersthat

hehadvisited.他談?wù)摿怂菰L過的學(xué)校和老師。只用that而不用which的情況?先行詞既有人又有物時?先行詞為all，much，few，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代詞時I'dliketotellyousomethingthat

mightmakeyousurprised.我想告訴你一件可能會讓你吃驚的事情。?先行詞前面有thevery，theonly，thesame，any，few，little，no，all，oneof等詞修飾時Thisisthevery

roomthat

Isleptinthatevening.這正是我那天晚上睡覺的房間。1．關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞that與which的用法辨析02IborrowedthebookSherlock

Holmesfromthelibrarylastweek，which

myclassmatesrecommendedtome.我上周從圖書館借了《夏洛克·福爾摩斯》這本書，這是我的同學(xué)推薦給我的。只用which而不用that的情況?引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句時?在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時Iwasputinapositioninwhich

IhadtoacceptIwaslessimportant.我被置之于我不得不接受我不重要的境地。2．關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞先行詞所作成分when＝介詞＋which時間時間狀語where＝介詞＋which地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語why＝for＋which原因原因狀語2．關(guān)系副詞的用法WewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextSundaywhen

theweathermaybebetter.＝WewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextSundayonwhich

theweathermaybebetter.我們把野餐推遲到下周日，那時天氣可能會變好。WhenIarrived，hetookmetoseethehousewhere

Iwouldbestaying.＝WhenIarrived，hetookmetoseethehouseinwhich

Iwouldbestaying.當(dāng)我到達(dá)時，他帶我去看了我將要住的房子。Thereasonwhy

Idon'ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.＝Thereasonforwhich

Idon'ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒謊。2．關(guān)系副詞的用法

[名師指津]

where引導(dǎo)定語從句時，不僅僅修飾具體的地點(diǎn)，還可以修飾抽象的地點(diǎn)，此時先行詞常為situation，case，point等抽象名詞。Hegotintoasituationwhere

itwashardtodecidewhatwasrightandwrong.他陷入一種難以分辨是非的局面。3．關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別正確區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚它們在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)什么成分，而不僅僅取決于先行詞是什么。如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語，就用關(guān)系代詞；如果關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語，就用關(guān)系副詞。試比較：Thisisthecollege(that/which)Ivisited.ThisisthecollegewhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.I’llneverforgettheday(that/which)wespenttogether.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIgotmarried.4．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞的選用先行詞是人whom先行詞是物which介詞的選用先行詞的意義和搭配從句中的動詞或形容詞的搭配根據(jù)句子的意思判斷表示“整體和部分關(guān)系”常用of4．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句Doyourememberthedayonwhich

youjoinedourclub?還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？(on與theday搭配)Tradingleathershoesisthebusinesstowhich

theGreensaredevoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事業(yè)。(bedevotedto為固定搭配)Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding，mostofwhom

arefamilymembers.約翰邀請了大約40人參加他的婚禮，他們當(dāng)中絕大部分都是家人。4．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句

[名師指津]

whose也可以放在介詞后，即“介詞＋whose＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，個別情況下也可以用“介詞＋when/where”。IwishtothankProfessorSmith，withoutwhose

helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.我想要感謝史密斯教授，沒有他的幫助，我永遠(yuǎn)不會取得這么大的成就。Sheclimbeduptothetopofthehill，fromwhere

shecouldhaveagoodviewofthewholetown.她登上山頂，從那里她可以一覽全城風(fēng)光。5．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)的定語從句及其與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句01It'sthesame

personas

wewantedtofindyesterday.我們昨天要找的是同一個人。Such

girlsas

heknowsaregoodatEnglish.他所認(rèn)識的女孩都擅長英語。Shewillmarryas

wealthyamanas

shecanfind.她將嫁給她能找到的任何一個有錢人。其主要結(jié)構(gòu)有：thesame...as...，such...as...，as/so...as...等。主句中出現(xiàn)thesame，as，such，so修飾先行詞，需選擇as作關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語。5．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)的定語從句及其與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句01

[名師指津]

thesame，such，so引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別thesame，such，so可以與as或that搭配。as引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，在從句中充當(dāng)成分；而that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整。Itisso

breathtakingaparkthat

everyonewantstovisitit.(結(jié)果狀語從句)Itisso

breathtakingaparkas

everyonewantstovisit.(定語從句)5．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)的定語從句及其與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別02as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時都可以代指整個主句內(nèi)容，其主要區(qū)別如下：關(guān)系詞從句位置意義as放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中間皆可正如which只能放在主句之后這一點(diǎn)5．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)的定語從句及其與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別02Aseveryoneknows，Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory.每個人都知道，中國是一個有著悠久歷史的美麗國家。Thesunheatstheearth，whichisveryimportanttous.太陽使地球暖起來，這對我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?/p>

[名師指津]

當(dāng)非限制性定語從句的謂語為被動式謂語時，常用as引導(dǎo)。asbeannounced，asbeexpected，asbeknown，asbereported，asbesaid，asbeshownTheairqualityinthecity，asisshowninthereport，hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.正如報告所顯示的那樣，在過去的兩個月里，這個城市的空氣質(zhì)量已有所改善。定語從句的幾個問題1．定語從句中的主謂一致定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞作主語時，從句謂語的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞一致。01Heisthemanwho/thatwants

toseeyou.Thepicturesthat/whichlook

beautifulweredrawnbyhim.as/which作主語引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句指全句時，從句謂語用第三人稱。02Liquidwaterchangestovapor，whichis

calledevaporation(蒸發(fā))．Asis

usual，Hanscametoschoollatethismorning.2．非限制性定語從句與并列句的區(qū)別區(qū)分辦法主要看前后句之間是否有and，but等并列連詞或分號等的存在，若有，則為并列句；如果只有逗號，且逗號后的內(nèi)容是對前面某一名詞的補(bǔ)充說明，則為非限制性定語從句。Inourclassthereare46students，ofwhom

halfwearglasses.(定語從句)Inourclassthereare46students，andhalfofthem

wearglasses.(并列句)3．定語從句與地點(diǎn)狀語從句的區(qū)別where可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，二者的區(qū)別主要看有無先行詞。Ricegrowswellintheplacewhere

thereisenoughwater.(定語從句)Ricegrowswellwhere

thereisenoughwater.(地點(diǎn)狀語從句)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters____________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)2．Ontheedgeofthejacket，thereisapieceofcloth____________givesofflightinthedark.(2019·浙江卷)3．Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose____________aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife，takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources(資源)．(2019·北京卷)whowhothat/which

Ⅰ.單句語法填空4.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014_____________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)5.Manywesterners___________________cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.(2018·浙江高考)6．Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchoffatandsalt，___________________isnotgoodforthehealth.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)7．Sarah，____________________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)8．Myeldestson，____________________worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.(2017·天津卷)whichwhowhosethat/whichwho/thatⅠ.單句語法填空9．Thelittleproblems____________________

wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.(2017·北京卷)10．In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof____________________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.(2017·江蘇卷)11．MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,____________________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.(全國卷Ⅰ)whenthat/which/不填whoseⅠ.單句語法填空12．Inthepastfewyears，morethanhalfofthebookstoresinChinahavecloseddown，__________istheresultofthecompetitionwithonlinebookstores.(2020·山西太原期中考試)13．Forinstance，inLima，thecapitalofPeru，therearemorethan50Chinesemedicineclinics，about70percentof_________weresetupbylocaldoctors.(2020·河北保定摸底考試)14．Hewasalsotheone__________foundedtheHongKongdailynewspaperMingPaoin1959.(2020·海南儋州一次統(tǒng)測)15．Meanwhile，astheconstructiongoeson，moreroadswillbebuiltandtheMetrosystemwillbeexpanded，__________canreducetrafficjams.(2020·河北衡水中學(xué)一調(diào))16．Themajorityoftheadswerealsopromotingextra－curriculareducationinstitutions，__________havebeencondemnedforputtingextraacademicpressureonstudents.(2020·湖北鄂東南教育教學(xué)改革聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考)whichwhichwhowhichwhichⅡ.單句改錯1.Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)2．Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)3．Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)whichthat/whichwhere或which前加inⅡ.單句改錯4．(2020·廣西南寧一模)ThenwriteyourspeechandturntoyourChineseteachersforhelp，whichadvicewillbebeneficial.5．(2020·中原名校大聯(lián)考)Ioftenrecallthehappydaysthatwestayedtogether.6．(2020·吉林省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)二次聯(lián)考)Oneday，Ipickedupabook，thatwasaboutsevenhabitsofhighlysuccessfulteenagers.7．(2020·安徽江淮十校二模)Firstofall，thiscontestfocusesonManandNature，thatisscheduledtostartat2p．m，andendat4p．m.nextweekinClassroom301.8．(2020·河南洛陽一模)Theywerenotquitewell，thatmademeverysad.that→9．(2020·吉林長春二模)Mygrandmakeptmanychickenswhatwereallverylively.whosewhenwhichWhich或that

which

which或that前加andⅡ.單句改錯10．ThenMr.Greenreadsomeviewsoftheplay，thatsaiditwasaterribleone.(2019·邢臺模擬)11．Mistakesarethebestteacherswhichguideusthroughdifficulties.(2019·成都模擬)12．Firstly，listallthetaskswhichmustbedoneanddecidewhichonerequiresimmediateattention.(2019·沈陽模擬)13．It’sareallybeautifulschoolinourcity，thatmanyflowersandtreeshavebeenplanted.(2019·林州模擬)14．Isthisthereasonwhyheexplainedforhisrudenessatthemeeting？whichthat/whothat或why→which/thatwhereⅢ.翻譯句子1．上周你看見的那個人已離開了城鎮(zhèn)。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)2．桂林是座具有2000年歷史的城市。(which/that在從句子中作主語)3．住在樓下的那個人英語說得很好。(who/that在從句中作主語)4．他給我們講了許多我們從來沒有聽說過的有趣的人和事。(that在從句中作賓語)Themanwhom/thatyousawlastweekhasleftthetown.Guilinisacitywhich/thathasahistoryof2，000years.Themanwho/thatlivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishwell.Hetoldusmanyinterestingthingsandpersonsthatwehadneverheard.Ⅲ.翻譯句子5．查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。(who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)6．我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。(which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)7．正如一句諺語所說，“只工作，不玩耍，聰明孩子也變傻。”(as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)8．在漢語演講比賽中獲得一等獎，這是我做夢也沒有想到的。(which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)CharlieSmith，whowasmyformerteacher，retiredlastyear.Myhouse，whichIboughtlastyear，hasgotalovelygarden.Asasayinggoes，“AllworkbutnoplaymakesJackadullboy.”IwonthefirstprizeintheChinesespeechcompetition，whichwasbeyondmywildestdreams.Ⅳ.語法填空

Abridgeisastructurebuilt1.

(cross)ariver，road，valleyandsoon.Designsofbridgesdifferdepending2.

thefunctionofthebridgeandthenatureofthelandwherethebridgeisconstructed.Thefirstbridges3.

(make)ofwoodenlogs.Mostoftheseearlybridgeswerepoorlybuiltandcouldrarelysupportheavyweights.Itwasthisinadequacythat4.________(lead)tothedevelopmentofbetterbridges.ThearchwasfirstusedforbridgesbytheRomanEmpire，someof5.________stillstandtoday.TheoldestsurvivingarchstonebridgeinChinaistheZhaozhouBridge，6.________(date)backtotheSuiDynasty.ThegreatbridgeexpertMaoYishengoncesaidthattocrosson/uponweremadewhichleddatingⅣ.語法填空1，300yearswasenoughtoprovethecomple