直接引語與間接引語的轉化 講與-2023中考英語復習

直闋I語與間闋機鼬轉化講義

引述某人的話一般采用兩種形式：一種是直接引語，即原封不動地引用原話，把它放

在引號內；另一種是間接引語，即用自己的話加以轉述，被轉述的內容不放在引號內。下

面我們一起來學習幾種直接引語轉換為間接引語的技巧。

一、人稱的轉換

1.直接引語中的第一人稱，一般轉換為第三人稱

如：Hesaid,"Iamverysorry."—>Hesaidthathewasverysorry.

2.直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對轉述人說的，應轉換為第一人稱

如："Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime."myfathertoldme—Myfathertoldme

thatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.

3.直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對第三人稱說的，要轉換成第三人稱

如：Shesaidtoherson,'Tilcheckyourhomeworktonight."—>Shesaidtoherson

thatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.

4.人稱的轉換包括人稱代詞、物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞等

如：Heaskedme,"Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethis

afternoon?”—HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendof

histhatafternoon.

5.口訣巧記人稱變化

口訣：“一主、二賓、三不變”。

(1)“一主”指當直接引語中的第一人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語時，要和主句中的主語在人稱上

保持一致。

如：Hesaid,"Iamforty."-*Hesaidthathewasforty.

(2)“二賓”指當直接引語中的第二人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語時，要和主句中的間接賓語保持

人稱上的一致。

如：Hesaid,"Areyoucomingtomorrow?”—HeaskedmeifIwascomingthenext

day.

(3)“三不變’指當直接引語中的第三人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語時，人稱不變。

如：Hesaid,"IssheanEnglishteacher?HeaskedifshewasanEnglishteacher.

另外請同學們注意，直接引語為復數，引述者主語為單數時，間接引語的主語要相應

變?yōu)閺蛿怠?/p>

如：Hesaid,"AreyouinterestedinEnglish?Heaskedusifwewereinterestedin

English.

總之，人稱的轉換不是固定的，具體情況具體對待，要符合邏輯。

二、時態(tài)的轉換

直接引語轉換為間接引語時，主句中的謂語動詞如果是過去時，從句（即間接引語部

分）中的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要做相應的變化，變成過去時范疇的各種時態(tài)（實際這也是

賓語從句對時態(tài)的要求），變化如下：

如："Iamverygladtovisityourschool",shesaid.一Shesaidshewasverygladto

visitourschool.

Tomsaid,"Wearelisteningtothepopmusic."—>Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningto

thepopmusic.

Motherasked,“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework

beforeyouwatchTV?”—MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomework

beforeIwatchedTV.

Heaskedtheconductor,"WhereshallIgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus?”—He

askedtheconductorwherehewouldgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus.

"Whydidsherefusetogothere?"theteacherasked.—Theteacheraskedwhyshe

hadrefusedtogothere.

三、句子結構的變化

1.直接引語為陳述句時，用連詞that引導，that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動詞可

用said,也可用told來代替。請注意，可以說saidthat,saidtosb.that或者toldsb.that,

不可直接說toldthato

如：Hesaid,"IhavebeentotheGreatWall."—>Hesaidtousthathehadbeentothe

GreatWall.

Hesaid.'THgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday."—

HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.

如果間接引語是由that引導的兩個或兩個以上的并列從句，第一個連詞可以省略，以

后的連詞一般不省略，以免混亂。

如：Thedoctorsaid,"Youarenotseriouslyill,youwillbebettersoon."—Thedoctor

said(that)IwasnotseriouslyillandthatIwouldbebettersoon.

2.直接引語為一般疑問句時，間接引語用連詞whether或if引導，原主句中的謂語動

詞said要改為asked,語序是陳述句的語序，這一點非常重要。

如：Hesaid,"Doyouhaveanydifficultywith

pronunciation?”一Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmy

pronunciation.

Hesaid."YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”—HeaskedwhetherIwas

interestedinEnglish.

3.直接引語為選擇疑問句時，間接引語用whether…or…表達，而不用if...or...,也不

Neither...or...,語序是陳述句語序。

如：Heasked,"DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”一HeaskedmewhetherIspoke

EnglishorFrench.

Iasked,"Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”—Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebus

ortaketrain.

4.直接引語為特殊疑問句時，原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動詞用

ask(sb.)來表達，語序改為陳述句語序。

如：Heasked,"What'syourname?”—Heasked(me)whatmynamewas.

Heaskedus,"Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”—Heasked

ushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.

5.直接引語為祈使句時，間接引語用帶t。的不定式表達，謂語動詞常是ask,advise,

tell,warn,order,request等。如asksb.todo（用于肯定祈使句），asksb.nottodo

（用于否定祈使句）。不定式短語中的時間狀語、地點狀語、人稱及時態(tài)都做相應的變化。

如：Hesaid,uBeseated,please."^Heaskedustobeseated.

"Dobecarefulwithyourhandwriting."hesaid—Hetoldmetobecarefulwithmy

handwriting.

"Don'ttouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission",theteachersaid.—?Theteacher

warnedthestudentsnottotouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission.

6.有些直接引語含有“建議”“勸告”的祈使句，可用suggest,insist,offer等動詞轉述。

如：Hesaid,"Let'shavearest."—Hesuggestedushavingarest.

Hesaid,"Letmehelpyou."—Heofferedtohelpme.

7.當直接引語形式上是疑問句，有表示“請求”“建議”的意義時，可用asksb.todosth.,

advisesb.todosth.等形式轉述。

如："Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?"heasked.—Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.

"Whynotgoingoutforawalk?”heaskedus.—Headvisedustogooutforawalk.

8.直接引語是感嘆句時，可用what或how引導，也可用that引導。

如：Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!"—Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas./Shesaid

thatitwasalovelyday.

四、從句時態(tài)無須改變的情況

1.當主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時時

如：Healwayssays,"Iamtiredout."—Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.

2.當主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時時

如：Hewillsay,*TIItrymybesttohelpyou."—Hew川saythathewilltryhisbestto

helpme.

3.當直接引語部分帶有具體的過去時間狀語時

如：Hesaid,"Iwenttocollegein1994."—Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.

4.當直接引語中有以when,while引導的從句，表示過去的時間時

如：Hesaid,"WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool."—Hesaid

thatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.

5.當直接引語是客觀真理或自然現象時

如：Ourteachersaidtous,"Lighttravelsfasterthansound."->Ourteachertoldus

thatlighttravelsfasterthansound.

6.當直接引語是諺語、格言時

如：Hesaid,'Practicemakesperfect."—>Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.

7.當直接引語中有情態(tài)動詞should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,

must,oughtto,usedto,need時

如：Thedoctorsaid,"You'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater."—>ThedoctorsaidI'dbetter

drinkplentyofwater.

Hesaid,"Shemustbeateacher."一Hesaidthatshemustbeateacher.

Hesaid,"Sheoughttohavearrivedherofficebynow."—Hesaidthatsheoughtto

havearrivedherofficebythen.

Sheasked,"MustItakethemedicine?”—Sheaskedifshehadtotakethe

medicine.

8.除以上情況外，直接引語與間接引語的轉換要因實際情況而定，不能機械地照搬。

如果當地轉述，here不必改為there,動詞come不必改為go。如果當天轉述yesterday,

tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不必改變。

朝

I.單項選擇

1."You'vealreadygotwell,haven'tyou?"sheasked.

Sheasked.

A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadn'tyou

B.whetherIhadalreadygotwell

C.haveIalreadygotwell

D.hadIalreadygotwell.

2.Heasked,"AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?

Heaskedme.

A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember

B.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember

C.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguemember

D.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember

3.Heasked,"Howareyougettingalong?"

Heasked.

A.howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalong

C.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong

4.Heasked,"What'sthematterwithyou?"

Heaskedmewithme.

A.whatthematterisB.whatthematterwas

C.what'sthematterD.whatwasthematter

5.Hesaid,"Don'tdothatagain."

Hemehatagain.

A.saidtome；nottodoB.saidtome；don'tdo

C.toldme；don'tdoD.toldme；nottodo

6.Canyoumakesure?

A.thathewillcomeheretoday

B.whenhewillcomeheretoday

C.willhecomeheretoday

D.whetherwillhecomeheretoday

7.Doyouhappentoknow?

A.whereisheraddress

B.inwhichplaceisheraddress

C.whatheraddressis

D.theplaceheraddressis

8.Excuseme,canyoutellme?

A.wherecanIgettothelibrary

B.whereIcangettothelibrary

C.howcanIgettothelibrary

D.howIcangettothelibrary

9.Johnaskedmetovisithisuncle'sfarmwithhim.

A.howwouldIlikeB.ifornotwouldIlike

C.whetherIwouldlikeD.whichIwouldlike

10.I'dliketoknowChinese.

A.whenhebegantolearn

B.whendidhebegintolearn

C.whendidhebeginlearning

D.forhowlonghebegantolearn

II.將下列句子變?yōu)橹苯右Z

1.ItoldhimthatIhadlostmymoneyandthatIwouldfindit.

2.SheaskedwhetherIwouldbefreethenextdayornot.

3.Iaskedherwhereshewasgoingandwhatshewasgoingtodothenextday.

4.Hisfathertoldhimnottoclimbthathightreeinhisnewcoat.

5.