2020 年雅思學(xué)習(xí)：議論文核心段的擴展-CC從5到7的飛躍

2024/1/30議論文核心段的擴展CC從5到7的飛躍

1核心段的擴展一篇議論文包括一個介紹段，2-3個核心段和一個總結(jié)段。一般來說，考官最看重的是核心段質(zhì)量，因為從字數(shù)和內(nèi)容來說都占到了一篇議論文的絕大部分。因此，在學(xué)習(xí)任何一種具體議論文題型之前我們應(yīng)該了解如何順暢地擴展核心段。從一個topicsentence到一個完整核心段的過程有很多方法，此課件的任務(wù)和目的就是教會大家如何連貫流暢地把一個topicsentence往下降，最終形成閉環(huán)的論證邏輯。2024/1/3021.與題目緊密相關(guān)，不能隨心所欲，一般來自原題或者個人觀點。如果原題或者個人觀點內(nèi)容很詳細，你只需要改寫(不可避免會重復(fù)，不用擔心)。如果內(nèi)容很籠統(tǒng)，你就需要稍微往下細化；2.在往下細化的時候，TS必須是一個自己有把握能擴展的方向，否則寫不動；3.大部分情況下Topicsentence會是一個明確的結(jié)果或者明確的建議，偶爾可以用一個事實或者趨勢來作為TS，但主要用在分析原因來的題目中。Topicsentence的基本原則2024/1/303擴展TS的方法有很多，我們來從簡單到復(fù)雜地學(xué)習(xí)。2024/1/304三種核心段的目的和擴展方式：1.論證一個好處或者壞處明確的影響作為TS

原因分析

舉例/對比/反向假設(shè)

扣回TS（改寫重復(fù)或者往下降一層）

2.一個段落多分論點的展開（一般出現(xiàn)在discussion或者outweigh）帶著信號詞（some/several/two/three）的籠統(tǒng)型TS

Firstly,第一個分論點+解釋

Secondly,第二個分論點+解釋

3.分析一個原因（幾乎只出現(xiàn)在report）用事實/趨勢作為原因TS

結(jié)果/舉例

結(jié)果(回應(yīng)題目主題)

2024/1/305明確的影響作為TS

原因分析

舉例/對比/反向假設(shè)

扣回TS（改寫重復(fù)或者往下降一層）解釋原因是人類的本能，但必要要保證TS是一個結(jié)果；原因解釋寫完之后有很多方法繼續(xù)往下擴展，不要局限；2024/1/306Anotheradvantageofgoingtoschoolatanearlyageisthatchildrendevelopfastersocially.(針對前面socially的解釋，省略了Thisisbecause)Theymakefriendsandlearnhowtogetonwithotherchildrenofasimilarage.(沒有舉例，但是用上學(xué)和在家待著作為對比)Thisisoftennotpossibleathomebecausetheyaretheonlychild,orbecausetheirbrothersorsistersareolderoryounger.TS+原因解釋+對比--早上學(xué)對孩子的好處2024/1/307Ontheotherhand,usingtheinternetdoeshaveapotentialcostwithregardtolossofprivacy.(Thisisbecause)everythingthatinternetusersdoisrecordedbycompaniessuchasGoogleandFacebook,andthereisnotmuchthatthetypicalusercandotopreventit.Forexample,internetusersshouldbearinmindthatalloftheiremailsandsearchesaresaved,andthatGooglemightknowmoreabouttheiractivitiesthantheirfamiliesdo.AsfarasFacebookisconcerned,itsusersseemhappytorevealtheidentitiesoftheirfriendsandfamilies,aswellastheirdailyactivities,eventhoughthisprivateinformationisstoreddefinitely.Ifitfellintothewronghands,itcouldrepresentarealthreattopeople'sfreedom,security,andmoney.

TS+原因解釋+舉例解釋---互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的使用導(dǎo)致隱私威脅2024/1/308Encouragingstudentstocriticizeorgradetheirteacherscontributestoimprovingteachingquality.Thisispartlybecausecomplaintsfromtheformerhelpthelattertobecomeawareofthedefectsintheirteachingmethods.Forexample,ifalargeproportionofstudentscomplainaboutthedifficultyofmathclasses,theteacherwillimprovethesituationbymakingmoreexplanationorslowingdownthepaceoflearning.Apartfromthat,asimportantdecisionsincludingmeritreviews,payraises,andpromotionsarebasedinpartontheseevaluations,teachersmusttreatfeedbackcarefullyanddoeverythingpossibletomakeimprovementsintheirteaching,suchasspendingmoretimecorrectinghomework.–這個片段里有兩次原因解釋TS+原因解釋+舉例解釋+另一個原因--鼓勵學(xué)生給老師評分2024/1/309

自己練習(xí)不可否認不同年紀的人有不同的購物習(xí)慣。（這是因為）隨著年紀增長，人們的需求和興趣在不斷變化。比如說，小孩子把零花錢全花在零食和玩具上，而年輕人則開始追逐時尚，購買潮流的鞋子和衣服。中年人的錢主要被用來改善生活質(zhì)量比如更大的房子和更好的汽車，而老年人則只愿意花錢在健康相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品上。2024/1/3010

自己練習(xí)（先自己擴展中文，再翻譯成英文）在家工作效率低–因為有分心和干擾–比如說寵物或者小孩子2024/1/3011有的時候在一個核心段需要給出兩個及以上的分論點。這時候TS給人的感覺是至少包括兩個分論點。-這種情況一般出現(xiàn)在Discuss或者outweigh這類題型中2024/1/30

12Peopleinfavourofstudentswearingschooluniformsbelievethatithasanumberofbenefits.1).Firstly,requiringstudentstowearuniformshelpsreducepeerpressure.Wheneveryoneintheclassisdressedinthesameway,theyarenotlikelytotalkaboutthepriceandtasteofclothes.Asaresult,noonewouldfeelasenseofsuperiorityorprejudiced.2).Inaddition,theruleofwearingschooluniformskeepsthecampussafe.Thisisbecausethosewhoarenotmembersoftheschoolcanbeeasilyrecognizedandkeptoutside.Thereareconsequentlyfewerpossibilitiesofsomeincidents,suchastheftorgangbullyingoncampus.支持校服的理由2024/1/3013Ontheonehand,fromtheperspectiveofsomeoptimists,theremaybegreatbenefitstocontactingalienlifeforms.1).ItislikelythatourneighboursinspacewouldlendustheirfarmoreadvancedtechnologiestosolveaseriesofproblemsontheEarth.Forexample,environmentalpollutioncouldbeeradicatedandlife-threateningdiseasescouldbecuredifwecouldbetechnologicallyimprovedbyouralienfriends.2).Whatismore,withtheirassistance,humanbeingsmaybeabletomakeasignificantstepforwardtoliveonotherplanets.Thismeansthatwewouldnolongerbeafraidoffacinganycatastrophethatmightdestroyourhomeplanet.

聯(lián)系外星人的好處2024/1/3014Ontheonehand,therearetworeasonswhysomepeoplesaywearemoredependentoneachothernow.1).Firstly,thecostoflivinghasincreasedsodramaticallythatlifeismorecomplexanddifficult.Youngadults,forexample,havetorelyontheirparentsforfinancialhelpwhenrentingaflatorbuyingahouse.Housingpricesarehigherthanever,andifrelyingonthemselvesitwouldbeimpossibleformanyyoungpeopletopayadepositandamortgage.2).Secondly,peoplewantabetterqualityoflifefortheirfamilies.Thismeansthatbothparentsusuallyneedtoworkfull-time,andtheydependonsupportfromgrandparentsandbabysittersforchildcare.2024/1/3015

自己練習(xí)住在樓房高層的人們享受一些好處。首先，他們有更好的視野景觀。比如說，他們可以看到城市的全貌以及城市外面的自然風景。其次，高層住戶享受更好的生活環(huán)境，因為家里會有更好的光線和通風，這對保持房間衛(wèi)生有很大幫助。2024/1/3016HoldingtheOlympicGamesallowsthehostcountrytoreapbenefitsintermsofeconomicgrowthandpublichealth.Withregardtotheformer,millionsofpeopleareattractedtothehostcountytowatchworld-classsportsgamesandtoexperiencethelocalculture,bothofwhichbringinbillionsofdollarsincashandcreatealargenumberofjobopportunities.Theothercontributionmadebyhostingthisinternationaleventisthataninterestinsportswillbedevelopedinthepublicasthegovernmentbuildsmoresportsfacilitiesandintroducesknowledgeofvarioussports.Asaresult,theywouldbecomemorephysicallyactiveandthelevelofhealthinthegeneralpopulationcouldbeimproved.舉辦奧運會的好處（TS有預(yù)告的效果）2024/1/3017

自己練習(xí)在家工作讓人們可以靈活安排時間和享受舒適的環(huán)境。Withregardtotheformer,在家工作的人可以按照自己的情況來決定工作和休息。比如說，………Theotherbenefitisthat人們可以很舒服地在家工作。比如說，沒有必要穿正裝或者highheels，可以選擇最舒服的衣服。2024/1/3018針對題目給出的現(xiàn)象來分析原因（最可能出現(xiàn)在report題型里分析原因）TS(用事實/趨勢作為原因)+

進一步的結(jié)果+

進一步的結(jié)果2024/1/3019Inmanycountries,thebirthrateisdecreasingsothatfamiliesaresmallerwithfewerchildren.Thesechildrenareoftenspoiltbecausetheyareallowedtohavewhatevertheywant,regardlessofprice,andtobehaveastheyplease.Thismeansthatthechildrengrowupwithoutconsiderationforothers.Whentheygettoschoolagetheyhavenotlearntanyselfcontrolordiscipline.Theyhavelessrespectfortheirteachersan