心理學(xué)8數(shù)據(jù)分析技術(shù)SPSS課件

數(shù)據(jù)分析技術(shù)

——SPSS的運(yùn)用1/30/20241.ApoemThepackagescomeoutenmasse,LikeMinitab,Systat,andSAS.TheultimatemessIsSPSS,Whicheveryoneuses,alas.統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件包紛紛問(wèn)世，比如Minitab,Systat,以及SAS。最讓人煩的是，SPSS，可每個(gè)人都得使，真是要死！1/30/20242.StepsinanalyzingdatawithSPSS1.Enteryourdataintoadatafile.2.Readthedatafile.2a.Optional--Providedescriptivelabelsfortheoutput.2b.Optional--Transformthedataintosuitableform.3.Analyzeorgraphthedata.1/30/20243.EnterthedataintoadatafileEnterthedataintotheSPSSdataeditor.Besuretosavethedatafilebeforeyoucontinue.Youcanalsoenterdataintoaspreadsheetordatabase,ifthatsoftwarecansaveadatafileinoneoftheformatsthatSPSSreads.SelectOpenfromtheFilemenu,thenselectDataFiletoseewhattheseformatsare.YoucanalsoenterdataintoanASCIIfilewithatexteditororwordprocessor.1/30/20244.1/30/20245.ReadthedatafileIfyou'veenteredthedataintotheSPSSdataeditor,there'snothingmoretodohere!IfthedatawerepreviouslysavedinSPSS,spreadsheet,ordatabaseformat,selectOpenfromtheFilemenu.IfthedataweresavedinanASCIIfile,selectReadASCIIDatafromtheFilemenu.1/30/20246.ProvidedescriptivelabelsOncethedataareinthedataeditor,selectthevariablename(inthecolumnheadings)andchooseDefineVariablefromtheDatamenu.Changethevariablenameifyouwish.VariableLabelsandValueLabelsareoptional.Ifyoudefinethem,SPSSusesthemtoannotateitsoutput.SelectLabelsfromtheDefineVariabledialogboxtodoso.1/30/20247.1/30/20248.TransformthedataYoucancorrectmistakesorchangespecificdatavaluesdirectlyinthedataeditor.Ifyouneedmoresystematicchanges,forexampletocreatenewvariablesortochangethewayexistingvariablesarecoded,usethecommandsintheTransformmenu.1/30/20249.1/30/202410.AnalyzeorgraphthedataThisiswhywe'reallhere.CommandsinthesubmenusundertheAnalyzemenuprovidestatisticalanalysis,andcommandsintheGraphsmenuprovidegraphicanalysis.MorecommandswillbemadeavailablewithoptionalmodulesofSPSS.Tofindoutwhichcommanddoeswhatyouwanttodo,chooseWhatCommandsDofromtheHelpmenu.1/30/202411.1/30/202412.SummarizeTheSummarizesubmenuprovidestechniquesforsummarizingdatawithstatistics,charts,andreports.1/30/202413.1/30/202414.1/30/202415.Custom

TablesTheCustomTablessubmenuprovidesattractive,flexibledisplaysoffrequencycounts,percentages,andotherstatistics.1/30/202416.1/30/202417.ComparemeansTheComparemeanssubmenuprovidestechniquesfortestingdifferencesamongtwoormoremeansforbothindependentandrelatedsamples.1/30/202418.1/30/202419.ANOVAModelsTheANOVAsubmenuprovidestechniquesfortestingunivariateandmultivariateAnalysis-of-Variancemodels,includingrepeatedmeasures.1/30/202420.CorrelateTheCorrelatesubmenuprovidesmeasuresofassociationfortwoormorevariablesmeasuredattheintervallevel.1/30/202421.1/30/202422.RegressionTheRegressionsubmenuprovidesavarietyofregressiontechniques,includinglinear,logistic,nonlinear,weighted,andtwo-stageleast-squaresregression.1/30/202423.1/30/202424.ClassifyTheClassifysubmenuprovidesclusteranddiscriminantanalysis.1/30/202425.1/30/202426.DataReductionTheDataReductionsubmenuprovidesfactoranalysis,correspondenceanalysis,andoptimalscaling.1/30/202427.1/30/202428.ScaleTheScalesubmenuprovidesreliabilityanalysisandmultidimensionalscaling.1/30/202429.1/30/202430.NonparametrictestsTheNonparametrictestssubmenuprovidesnonparametrictestsforonesample,orfortwoandmorepairedorindependentsamples.1/30/202431.1/30/202432.WhyGodneverreceivedaPhD1/30/202433.1.Hehadonlyonemajorpublication.2.ItwasinHebrew.3.Ithadnoreferences.4.Itwasn'tpublishedinarefereedjournal.5.Someevendoubthewroteitbyhimself.6.Itmaybetruethathecreatedtheworld,butwhathashedonesincethen?7.Hiscooperativeeffortshavebeenquitelimited.1/30/202434.8.Thescientificcommunityhashadahardtimereplicatinghisresults.9.Heneverappliedtotheethicsboardforpermissiontousehumansubjects.10.Whenoneexperimentwentawryhetriedtocoveritbydrowninghissubjects.11.Whensubjectsdidn'tbehaveaspredicted,hedeletedthemfromthesample.12.Herarelycametoclass,justtoldstudentstoreadthebook.1/30/202435.13.Somesayhehadhissonteachtheclass.14.Heexpelledhisfirsttwostudents