人教版新目標(biāo)初中語(yǔ)法知識(shí)專題名詞專項(xiàng)講解與訓(xùn)練

八年級(jí)下語(yǔ)?法復(fù)習(xí)名詞?專題教案：(教師用)第一步：情景導(dǎo)入：第二步：查漏習(xí)題：1.詞匯題：_____?__n.橡皮；鉛筆擦；黑板擦_____?__n.尺；直尺_(dá)____?__n.箱；盒；櫥_____?__n.雙肩背包_____?__卷筆刀?；鉛筆刀_____?__n.字典；詞典_____?__v.拼寫(xiě)_____?__n.棒球_____?__n.手表_____?__n.電腦；電子計(jì)算機(jī)?_____?__n.鑰匙_____?__n.筆記本_____?__n.環(huán)（狀物）；戒指_____?__adj.丟失的；遺失的_____?__adj?.（find的?過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞）找回的

_____?__n.父親或母親?父/母_____?__n.姨母；姑母；伯母；嬸母_____?__n.堂（表）兄弟；堂（表）姐妹_____?__n.女兒_____?__adj.美妙的；偉大的

_____?__n.梳妝臺(tái)；碗柜_____?__n.書(shū)櫥；書(shū)箱_____?__n.抽屜_____?__n.植物_____?__鬧鐘2.語(yǔ)法題：()1.Shewasveryhappy?.She_____?inthemaths?test.A.makes?afewmista?keB.madeafewmista?kesC.madefewmista?kesD.makes?fewmista?ke()2.Weneedsomemore_?___.Canyougoandgetsome,pleas?e?A.potat?oB.potat?osC.potat?oesD.potat?oe()3._____?are__?__forcutti?ngthing?s.A.Knife?/usedB.Knive?s/usedC.Knife?/using?D.Knive?s/using?()4.Whatbig__?__thetiger?has!A.tooth?B.teeth?C.tooth?sD.tooth?es()5.Pleas?eremem?bertogivethehorse?sometree_?__.A.leafs?B.leave?sC.leafD.leave?()6.-Canwehavesome___?-Yes,pleas?e.A.banan?aB.orang?esC.apple?D.pear()7.Onthetable?there?arefive_?___.A.tomat?osB.piece?oftomat?oesC.tomat?oesD.tomat?o()8.Theygotmuch___fromthose?newbooks?.A.ideas?B.photo?sC.infor?matio?nD.stori?es()9.Hegaveus___?_onhowtokeepfit.A.someadvic?esB.someadvic?eC.anadvic?eD.aadvic?e()10.What_?__lovel?yweath?eritis!A./B.theC.anD.a第三步：知識(shí)補(bǔ)缺：詞匯：erase?rn.橡皮；鉛筆擦；黑板擦ruler?n.尺；直尺casen.箱；盒；櫥backp?ackn.雙肩背包penci?lsharp?ener卷筆刀；鉛筆刀dicti?onary?n.字典；詞典spell?v.拼寫(xiě)baseb?alln.棒球watch?n.手表compu?tern.電腦；電子計(jì)算機(jī)?keyn.鑰匙noteb?ookn.筆記本ringn.環(huán)（狀物）；戒指lostadj.丟失的；遺失的found?adj.（find的?過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞）找回的

paren?tn.父親或母親?父/母auntn.姨母；姑母；伯母；嬸母cousi?nn.堂（表）兄弟；堂（表）姐妹daugh?tern.女兒great?adj.美妙的；偉大的

dress?ern.梳妝臺(tái)；碗柜bookc?asen.書(shū)櫥；書(shū)箱drawe?rn.抽屜plant?n.植物alarm?clock?鬧鐘說(shuō)明：本部分單詞?共25個(gè)，分5組記憶?，用聯(lián)想編故?事的技巧記?憶。單詞記憶技?巧傳授。學(xué)生比拼展?示自己記憶?方法。實(shí)戰(zhàn)單詞默?寫(xiě)比賽。語(yǔ)法知識(shí)：名詞：1、英語(yǔ)名詞可?分專有名詞?和普通名詞?兩大類：1、專有名詞是?個(gè)別的人、地、物、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等的專?用名稱。專有名詞中?實(shí)詞的第一?個(gè)字母要大?寫(xiě)。如：Beiji?ng,Tom,thePeopl?e’sRepub?licofChina?(中華人民共?和國(guó))專有名詞如?果是含有普?通名詞的短?語(yǔ),則必須使用?定冠詞th?e。如：theGreat?Wall(長(zhǎng)城)姓氏名如果?采用復(fù)數(shù)形?式,則表示該姓?氏一家人(復(fù)數(shù)含義),如：theGreen?s(格林一家人?)。2、普通名詞是?許多人或事?物的共有名?稱。如：pupil?,famil?y,man,foot.普通名詞又?分為可數(shù)名?詞和不可數(shù)?名詞?！蓴?shù)名詞是?可以用簡(jiǎn)單?的數(shù)詞進(jìn)行?計(jì)數(shù)的名詞?,如：box,child?,orang?e；▲不可數(shù)名詞?是不可以用?簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)詞?進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)的?名詞。如：water?,news,oil,popul?ation?,infor?matio?n.2、英語(yǔ)可數(shù)名?詞的單復(fù)數(shù)?：英語(yǔ)可數(shù)名?詞有單數(shù)和?復(fù)數(shù)兩種形?式。1、名詞由單數(shù)?變復(fù)數(shù)的基?本方法如下?：①在單數(shù)名詞?詞尾加s。如：map→maps,boy→boys,horse?→horse?s,table?→table?s.②s,o,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的?詞加es.如：class?→class?es,box→boxes?,hero→heroe?s,dish→dishe?s,bench?→bench?es.[注]：少數(shù)以o結(jié)?尾的詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)只?加s。如：photo?→photo?s,piano?→piano?s.③以輔音字母?加y結(jié)尾的?名詞,變y為i,再加es。如：famil?y→famil?ies,city→citie?s,party?→parti?es.④以f或fe?結(jié)尾的名詞?,變f或fe?為v,再加es。如：shelf?→shelv?es,wolf→wolve?s,life→lives?,knife?→knive?s.2、不規(guī)則變化?：man→men,woman?→women?,sheep?→sheep?,tooth?→teeth?,fish→fish,child?→child?ren,ox→oxen,goose?→geese?不可數(shù)名詞?一般沒(méi)有復(fù)?數(shù)形式,說(shuō)明其數(shù)量?時(shí),要用有關(guān)計(jì)?量名詞。如：abagofrice→twobagsofrice,apiece?ofpaper?→three?piece?sofpaper?,abottl?eofmilk→fivebottl?esofmilk.3、名詞所有格?：名詞所有格?表示所屬關(guān)?系,相當(dāng)于物主?代詞,在句中作定?語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)?。其構(gòu)成法如?下：(1)表示人或其?它有生命的?東西的名詞?常在詞尾加?’s。如：Child?ern’sDay(兒童節(jié)),mysiste?r’sbook(我姐姐的書(shū)?)(2)以s或es?結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)?名詞。只在詞尾加?’。如：Teach?ers’Day(教師節(jié))(3)有些表示時(shí)?間、距離以及世?界、國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)等無(wú)生?命的名詞,也可在詞尾?加’s.如：today?’snewsp?aper(今天的報(bào)紙?),tenminut?es’break?(十分鐘的課?間休息),China?’spopul?ation?(中國(guó)的人口?).(4)無(wú)論表示有?生命還是無(wú)?生命的東西?的名詞,一般均可用?介詞of短?語(yǔ)來(lái)表示所?有關(guān)系。如：afinedaugh?teroftheParty?(黨的好女兒?).2、[注解]：①‘s還可以表?示某人的家?或者某個(gè)店?鋪,如：myaunt’s(我阿姨家),thedocto?r’s(診所)②兩人共有某?物時(shí),可以采用AandB’s的形式,如：LucyandLily’sbedro?om(露西和麗麗?合住的臥室?)③“of+名詞所有格?/名詞性物主?代詞”,稱為雙重所?有格,如：afrien?dofmyfathe?r’s(我父親的一?位朋友),afrien?dofmine(我的一位朋?友)第四步：課堂效果驗(yàn)?證：()1.-Would?youlike_?__tea??-No,thank?s.Ihavedrunk?two__?__.A.any,bottl?esoforang?eB.some,bottl?esoforang?eC.many,bottl?esoforang?esD.few,bottl?eoforang?es()2.Heishungr?y.Givehim___toeat.A.twobread?sB.twopiece?ofbread?C.twopiece?sofbread?D.twopiece?sofbread?s()3.Itreall?ytookhim:___todrawthenicehorse?.A.somet?imesB.hourC.longtimeD.sometime()4.Iwould?liketohave_?__.A.twoglass?esofmilkB.twoglass?ofmilkIC.twoglass?esofmilks?D.twoglass?ofmilks?()5.Canyougiveme____?A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea()6.Pleas?egiveme___paper?.A.oneB.apiece?C.aD.apiece?of()7.Johnbough?t___f?orhimse?lfyeste?rday.A.twopairs?ofshoes?B.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoes?D.twopairs?shoes?()8.-Howmany____haveyougotonyourfarm?-I'vegotfive.A.sheep?sB.sheep?C.pigD.chick?en()9.Some___cametoourschoo?lforavisit?thatday.A.Germa?nsB.Germe?nC.Germa?nyD.Germa?nies()10.Inthepictu?rethere?aremany_?___andtwo.A.sheep?;foxes?C.sheep?s;foxes?B.sheep?s;foxD.sheep?;foxs()11.Agroup?of___?___willvisit?themuseu?mtomor?row.A.Hunga?rianB.Austr?alian?C.Japan?eseD.Ameri?can()12.Thistable?ismadeof___?.A.manyglass?B.glass?esC.someglass?esD.glass?()13.-Whatwould?youliketohaveforlunch?,sir?-I'dlike_?___.!A.chick?enB.achick?enC.chick?ensD.thechick?en()14.Child?renshoul?dmake_?___foroldpeopl?einabus.A.roomB.aroomC.rooms?D.theroom()15.Table?saremadeof___?.A.woodB.somewoods?C.woode?nD.woods?第五步：知識(shí)拓展延?伸：名詞或代詞?作主語(yǔ)時(shí)和?謂語(yǔ)之間的?單復(fù)數(shù)的一?致問(wèn)題：1、HYPER?LINK\l"謂語(yǔ)"謂語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)基本?保持單復(fù)數(shù)?的一致,即：主語(yǔ)是可數(shù)?名詞單數(shù)或?不可數(shù)名詞?時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用?單數(shù)形式：如：Thecompu?terwasagreat?inven?tion.(計(jì)算機(jī)是個(gè)?了不起的發(fā)?明)Thewater?intheglass?isverycold.(玻璃杯里的?水很冷)2、集體名詞(如fami?ly,class?,team,group?,row,polic?e,schoo?l等)做句子主語(yǔ)?時(shí),如果表示整?體概念,則謂語(yǔ)用單?數(shù)形式,如：Class?Three?isaverygoodclass?.(三班是好班?)如果表示其?中的所有成?員時(shí),則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)?數(shù)形式,如：Class?Three?haveamapofChina?.(三班有張中國(guó)?地圖)3、Chine?se,Japan?ese,fish,sheep?,peopl?e等表示單?個(gè)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用?單數(shù),表示許多時(shí)?,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)?。如：There?isasheep?intheyard.(院子里有只?綿羊)/There?aresomesheep?intheyard.(院子里有一?些綿羊)4、maths?,news等?雖然有s結(jié)?尾,但不是復(fù)數(shù)?,因此謂語(yǔ)仍?用單數(shù)：Thenewsisveryexcit?ing.(這個(gè)消息令?人興奮)5、glass?es,shoes?,socks?,trous?ers,glove?s等名詞往?往用復(fù)數(shù)形?式,故謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)?數(shù)。如：Thetrous?ersareverycheap?andIwanttotakethem.(褲子很便宜?,我想買(mǎi))6、alotof后跟名詞復(fù)?數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用?復(fù)數(shù)形式,跟不可數(shù)名?詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用?單數(shù)形式。如：Alotofstude?ntsareplayi?ngbaseb?allnow.(現(xiàn)在有許多?學(xué)生在打壘?球)Alotoftimewaswaste?donthatwork.(大量的時(shí)間?花在了那個(gè)?工作上)(被動(dòng)句)7、and連接兩個(gè)名?詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)?,謂語(yǔ)原則上?用復(fù)數(shù),但是兩個(gè)名?詞若構(gòu)成一?個(gè)整體事物?時(shí),謂語(yǔ)則用單?數(shù)。如：Theteach?erandhissonarepicki?ngapple?snow.(老師和他的?兒子在摘蘋(píng)?果)/Fishandchips?isveryfamou?sfood.(魚(yú)和薯?xiàng)l是?一種出名的?食品)8、there?be句型中be?的單復(fù)數(shù)一?般由靠近的?名詞決定。如：There?isatable?andfourchair?sintheroom.(房間里有一?張桌子和四?張椅子)9、用both?…and…連接兩個(gè)事?物做主語(yǔ)時(shí)?,謂語(yǔ)一般用?復(fù)數(shù)。如：BothyouandIarerequi?redtobeheretomor?row.(你和我明天?要求都來(lái))10、主語(yǔ)中含有?with的?短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)?由with?之前的人物?決定。如：Awoman?witha7-year-oldchild?wasstand?ingatthesideoftheroad.(一名婦女帶?著一個(gè)七歲?的孩子(當(dāng)時(shí))就站在路邊?)11、eithe?r…or…或者neith?er…nor…連接兩個(gè)人?物做句子主?語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)采用就?近原則。如：Eithe?ryouorheisright?.(要么是你對(duì)?,要么是他對(duì)?。/你和他有一?個(gè)人是對(duì)的?)/Neith?eryounorIamgoing?there?.(你和我都不?打算去那里?)12、表示一段時(shí)?間或長(zhǎng)度概?念的復(fù)數(shù)名?詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)?,謂語(yǔ)一般用?單數(shù)。如：Twomonth?sisnotashort?time.(兩個(gè)月不是?個(gè)短時(shí)間)Twothous?andkilom?eters?isquite?alongdista?nce(距離).(兩千千米是?相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一?段距離)第六步：本課內(nèi)容歸?納總結(jié)&作業(yè)布置：作業(yè)內(nèi)容：()1.Iwonde?rwhy_____?_aresointer?ested?inactio?n(武打片)films?.A.peopl?eB.peopl?esC.thepeopl?eD.thepeopl?es()2.Ihaveread_?___oftheyoung?write?r.A.works?B.workC.thisworks?D.theworks?()3.Let'smeetat7:30outsi?dethegateof___??A.thePeopl?e'sParkB.thePeopl?es'ParkC.thePeopl?eParkD.Peopl?e'sPark()4.___Chine?sepeopl?eare___hardworki?ngpeopl?e.A./;aB.We;theC.The;theD.The;a()5.Howmany_____?_werethere?inthestree?twhentheaccid?enthappe?ned?A.polic?emanB.polic?esC.polic?eD.peopl?es()6.Ifthese?trous?ersaretoobig,buyasmall?er___?_.A.setB.oneC.piece?D.pair()7.LastweekIbough?taTV___?_.A.pair.B.setC.piece?D.block?()8.There?isaofwoodleftonthegroun?d.A.cupB.piece?