第02講選詞填空釣魚（原題版）

第02講：選詞填空釣魚方略第02講：選詞填空釣魚方略課程目標(biāo)課程目標(biāo)演練EQ\o\ac(

,●)專題知識：針對考試題型，進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)梳理，感悟解題方法。EQ\o\ac(

,●)題型檢測：鏈接考試真題，題型組合練，能力逐個突破。知識梳理知識梳理演練詞性考察考點(diǎn)分析做題技巧名詞1、主要考察名詞作主語和賓語2、注意名詞也可作前置定語1、先判斷方框單詞的詞性詞義，注意一詞多性和一詞多義。2、精讀第一句，掌握文章主題。3、根據(jù)語法知識確定被填入空格詞的詞性，縮小范圍。4、根據(jù)文章理解確定答案。5、仔細(xì)檢查，最終敲定答案。動詞do/does形式：1、句子缺少一個謂語動詞，可根據(jù)“謂語動詞數(shù)=連詞數(shù)+1”規(guī)則判斷2、注意三單和動詞及物不及物doing形式：1、可能是動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞2、動名詞主要考察作主語、賓語3、現(xiàn)在分詞主要考察作表語、定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)，注意分詞短語作后置定語情況done形式：1、可能是謂語動詞過去式、被動語態(tài)及過去分詞2、若空格前有be動詞，要根據(jù)句意判斷是被動還是表狀態(tài)的過去分詞3、過去分詞主要考察作表語、定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)，注意分詞短語作后置定語情況，注意單個過去分詞作后置定語的情況，如：left，saved，remained，gained等形容詞單個形容詞作前置定語，形容詞短語作后置定語副詞句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整時用副詞，位置可放句首，句中，句末解題思路一：名詞的確定動詞的確定：名詞在句子中做主語；名詞做動詞賓語或介詞賓語；注意名詞也可作定語。例：（2022·上海寶山二模）A.convincedB.healingC.featuresD.bendE.announcedF.excitementG.relaxedH.initiallyI.reliableJ.particularlyK.characterDisneyparksandmoviesneverfailtocapturemyimagination!IwasachildwhenIfirstexperiencedtheJungleCruiserideatDisneyland.Theboatandthescenerylookedsoreal!Iexpecteddangerandexcitementaroundevery___31___oftheriver.DwayneJohnsonplaysFrank,ariverboatcaptainwhoknowstheriverbetterthananyoneelse.EmilyBlunt’s___37___,Lily,isascientist.She’sinsearchofatreethatiswidelybelievedtopossess___38___powers.Ican’twaittoexperiencetheadventureofwatchingDisney’slongawaitedJungleCruise.Watchingitintheaterswillbringmebacktothe____40____ofvisitingDisneylandasachild.解題思路二：動詞的確定動詞的確定：動詞最容易確定，因?yàn)橐粋€句子沒有動詞就等于沒有謂語，是很明顯的缺陷。而且動詞的關(guān)聯(lián)性、可比性最差，選這個和選那個有天壤之別。例：（2023·上海奉賢二模）A.lonelyB.conveyC.touchesD.inconvenienceE.widelyF.acpanyingG.positionH.capturesI.abandonJ.sensoryK.wearingEarlyonhefoundthatpaintlaidonwithpaintingknivesgavehimtheparticularbodyandtexture(質(zhì)地)hewantedto____12____hissubjects.Theknifeiscapableofanenormousvarietyofmarks,fromdelicate____13____tofiercesweepingandslicesofpaint.Theknife’ssharpedgedmarkscreatetheirowndynamicoflightandshade.Alanpossessesmanypaintingknivesofdifferentsizes,buttendstofavourthreeorfour,whicharenow____14____thinwithconstantuse.Heisstilldiscoveringnewpossibilitieswiththeknife,drivenbythedemandsofanewsubject.AlthoughAlan’spaintingsaremadeinthestudio,theyareallposedfromdrawingsmadeoutdoors.Thesedrawingsaretheseedcornonwhichallhispaintingsarebased.Themarksthatgodownonpapermakesurehe____15____notjusttheactualscenebutalsothechanginglight,thedirectionofthewindandthe____16____soundsandsmells.解題思路三：非謂語動詞的確定非謂語動詞的確定：動名詞作主語、動詞賓語和介詞賓語、表語、定語。分詞作表語、賓補(bǔ)、定語、狀語。有不定式標(biāo)志to，空格處應(yīng)填入動詞原形；另一種情況to是介詞，后面應(yīng)填入動名詞。例：（2023·上海松江二模）A.dismissedB.faintlyC.foreignD.grantedE.journeyedF.mysteriousG.overlookH.promiseIreflectionJ.typicallyK.versionLong___33___asamonfieldflower,unworthyofseriousattentionbytheartist,poetorgardener,thedaffodilenjoyedarevivalthanksinparttoWordsworth’spoem.Today,it’seasyto____34____thedaffodilforwecanfinditalmosteverywhere,ingardensorinart.解題思路四：形容詞的確定形容詞的確定：形容詞作定語修飾名詞。單個形容詞作前置定語；形容詞短語作后置定語。例：（2023·上海虹口二模）A.accessibleB.criterionC.concentrateD.reducedE.evolvedF.exploreG.hostH.interactI.restorativeJ.stimulationK.verbalizeSupportingthistheory,onestudyfoundthatchildrenwithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)werebetterableto____13____followinga20minutewalkinthepark,paredtoa20minutewalkonthestreetsofawellkepturbanarea.Beingexposedtograssandtreesseemedtohavehadabeneficialeffectontheirminds.Theauthorsremendedusingsuch“doses(劑量)ofnature”asasafeand____14____wayofsupportingchildrenwithADHD,alongsideothertools.Besidesthese____15____effects,outdoorplaycanoffervaluablelearningexperiences.Forexample,playingwithmudorsandcanhelpchildrendevelopthewaytheirsensesandmovement____16____,whichallowsthechildtograduallyunderstandhisorherbodilysignals.Whenitestothechild’sphysicalhealth,themostobviousadvantageofoutdoorplaymaybetheexercise.Achildmayfinditeasiertobuildupstrengthandenduranceinalargeopenspaceresultingina(n)____19____riskofoverweight,accordingtoonestudyledbyElizabethGershoff,professorofhumandevelopmentandfamilysciencesattheUniversityofTexasatAustin,US.解題思路五：副詞的確定副詞的確定：句子完整，副詞可修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、整個句子、介詞短語、不定式、過去分詞等；（2023·上海普陀二模）A.generatedB.mechanicallyC.partnershipD.reformingE.poweredF.efficiencyG.growingH.greatlyI.sustainableJ.revolutionizeK.emissionsTodaymostplasticismadefrompetrochemicals,usingprocesses___18___byfossilfuels.Whileagreatdealisthrownaway,alargeproportionofplasticswastecanbecollectedandsenttobe____19____recycled.Thisinvolveswashing,dryingandgrindingthematerial,thenheatingand___20___itintoanewproduct.Butatnostageisthechemicalstructureoftheplasticchanged.Inordertoreducepollution,theplasticsmanufacturingsectorneedstechnologicalinnovation.課堂精練課堂精練演練1、（2023上·上海·高二上海市建平中學(xué)?？计谥校〢．clearingB．mercialC．cutD．effectivelyE．exhaustingF．likewiseG．rangeH．restoringI．scarcityJ．surprisinglyK．underestimatedThebestbossesknowhowtosubtractworkpaniesareusedtocelebratingaddition.Profits,customersandsharepricesshouldgoupratherthanfall.Innovationistheaddingofnewproducts.Largernumbersareameasureofcareersuccess.Firmsarenotalwaysopposedtosubtraction.Therearegoodkindsofcuts.Reducingcostsisanecessarypartofmanagement,thoughnotaweleone.Butthevalueofdoinglessis1.Thebestbossesarethosewhotakethingsawayaswellasaddthemon.Thatmeans2timeforemployeestogetworkdone.Meetingsarealmostalwayscalledbybosses.Someareuseful;manyofthemarenot.Shopify,anemercefirm,begantheyearbydeleting12,000meetingsfromcorporatecalendars,andaskingeveryonetothinkcarefullybefore3them.Thepanyreportsariseinproductivityasaresultofthe4.Theonlythingworsethanhavingtoomanymeetingsisnotbeinginvitedtothematall.Sowhenevermeetingstakeplace,5largenumbersofpeoplecanturnup.Minusmindedmanagerswillgiveemployeespermissionnottoattendiftheyarenotneeded.Goodbosses,6,willsendmessageswhennecessary,noteverytimeabrightideapopsintotheirhead.Theywillreducethetempoofwork,byleavingemployeestimetoconcentrate.Theywillbeclearifsomethingisurgentornot.Subtractionisnotjustaboutremovingdaytodaydistractions.It’salsoabouttakingdecisionstokilloffprojectsandproductsthataregoingnowhere,andtofocuseffortsonthemostimportantbitsofthebusiness.In“TheCaseforGoodJobs”,anewbook,ZeynepTonofMITSloanSchoolofManagementarguesthatdoinglesscanoftenmake7sense.Costco,awellregardedAmericanretailerhasadeliberatelylimitedproduct8.Thatmeansitcanfocusitsbuyingpowermoreeffectively,forecastdemandmoreaccuratelyanduseitsemployees’timemoreproductively.Lessmaynotsoundlikeagreatouteforcustomers,butatsomepointchoiceisdeeply9.Whenyouhavespentmoretimetryingtodecidewhattowatchonastreamingservicethanittakestogotothecinemaandwatch“Oppenheimer”twice,10seemsprettyattractive.2、（2023上·上?！じ叨虾＝淮蟾街行？奸_學(xué)考試）A．referring

B．refresh

C．pin

D．occurred

E.acknowledgingF.identify

G.drain

H.discouraged

I.specific

J.negativeK.specificallyMakeaWishListMostofusknowofNewYear’sResolutions,whereonesetsintentionsfortheyearahead.Buttoooften,peoplemaketheirresolutions11—“Iwillnolongereatbiscuitsleftatmydesk”—andthenfeelunhappy.InthecoldmonthofJanuary,thelastthingyouneedisto12yourenergyfurtherbysettingupaseriesofbattleswithyourself.Andifyoubreakaresolution,youfeel13,whichisarubbishwaytostarttheyear.Whatyouneedinsteadarethingstolookforwardto.Soinstead,tryawishlist.Thisinvolveswritingdown100thingsyouwouldliketodointheyearahead.Theitemscanbeenormousortiny,rangingfrom“ClimbEverest”to“buyanewpencilsharper”.Themainthingisthatatsomepointithas14toyouassomethingthatyouwouldliketodo.Thekeyhereis—writeitdown.Doyoufeelanyresistancetotheideas?Ifso,askyourselfwhy.Whatiswrongwith15whatyouwouldliketodo?Trynottosaytoyourself:“Ican’tIdon’thavethemoney/time/energy/skills.”Justwriteitdown.Ithelpstobe16,soratherthan“Getoutdoors”,17aplaceyouwouldliketovisit.Andtakeyourtimewhencreatingit—awishlistisnotbuiltinaday.Thinkaboutit,polishitand18it.Finally,youhaveyourlist.Andwhataworkofbeautyitis.Hereareallthethingsthatyouwouldliketodo.Rememberto19themupwhereyoucanseethem;letyourselfconsiderhowtheycanbeacplished.You’llbeamazedthatsomanyofyourdreamscanberealizedthoughthesimpletrickofwritingthemdownand20tothem.3、（2023下·上海嘉定·高二統(tǒng)考期末）A．a(chǎn)ppearancesB．imitatingC．distinguishD．isolateE.advantageousF.diverseG.identicalH.criterionI.markingsJ.poisonousK.threateningWhydifferentspeciesstartlookingexactlythesameIsitbettertostandoutfromthecrowdorbesimilartothebackground?Forbirds,theanswerisplicated.Whilepeacocks(孔雀)showofftheirbrightlycoloredfeatherstoattractmatesandwardoffpredators(捕食者),otherbirdsfindit21tohidethemselvesbyimitatingthelooksofotherbirds.Groupsofbirdsflyingtogetheroftenefromthesamespecies,makingithardto22onefromanother.However,somegroupsofbirdsincludingtwoormorespeciestakeonsimilar23,whichisanunmonphenomenon.“Theyallsharerandomfeatures,likefeathersonheadoryellowbellies(腹部),whichmakesthemalmost24.Youcan’treallytellthemapartwithoutlookingattheir25.”saysScottRobinson,afamousscholar.Hisnewstudysuggests26anotherbird’sappearanceisnotacoincidence(巧合)butratheranevolutionarymethodtoincreasetheirchancesofsurvival.Lookinglikeabirdfromadominantspecieshelpsreduceattackfromothermembersandappearmore27topotentialpredators.“Inimitation,youoftenwanttolooklikesomethingbecausethere’sanadvantagetobeingthatotherthing.Youwantspeciestothinkyou’re28orlowprofitabletarget.”saysRebeccaKimball,aprofessorofbiology.“Ingroupingbirds,oneideaisthatthishasmoretodowithapredator’sabilityto29atarget.Whenthereareagroupofbirdsmovingaround,itmaybeeasierforpredatorstoidentifyanindividualthathasadistinctcolorpattern.”Whileitmaynotseemlikeitatfirst,imitatingotherbirdsishelpingtocreatemore30species.Notonlydobirdsimitatemorethanonespeciesastheygrowup,buttheirappearancevariesovertime.課后反饋課后反饋演練（2022·高二上海市晉元高級中學(xué)?？计谀〢．stems

B．insecure

C．squeezed

D．individual

E.glued

F.spreadingG.head

H.simply

I.distracting

J.spacious

K.originallyYou’llOftenWalkAloneTherehasbeenaquietpandemic(流行病)developingwhilemostpeople’sattentionhasbeenonCovid19.Thelockdownhasworsenedaproblemthathasbeen1inmanydevelopednationsfordecades:loneliness.Partoftheproblem2fromcontemporaryemployment.Globally,twoinfiveofficeworkersfeellonelyatwork.ThisrisestothreeinfiveinBritain.Gigeconomy(零工經(jīng)濟(jì))jobscanleavepeoplewith3inesandwithoutthepanionshipofcolleagues.Thepandemichasmadeitmoredifficulttomake,andmaintain,friendships,particularlyfornewemployees.Evenbeforethecrisis,thehopethat4officeswouldencouragegreatercamaraderie(友情)provedtobefalse.Manypeoplefindthechatter5andwithdrawwithnoisecancelingheadphones.Theythenemailcolleagueswhoaresittingonlyafewdesksaway.Perhapslonelinessrelatestohumanhistory.Massurbanizationisarelativelyrecentdevelopment;ifthehistoryofhumanexistencewas6intoasingleday,theIndustrialRevolutiondidnotoccuruntilalmostmidnight.Formuchofthattime,humanslivedinsmallgroupsofhuntergatherers;citiesmayjustoverwhelmthesenses.Ms.Hertzpointsherfingeratarecentdevelopment:socialmedia.Theinternethasledtoomuchcyberbullying(althoughithasalsobeenasourceofpanionshipduringthelockdown).Andpeople7totheirsmartphonesspendlesstimeinteractingsocially.Somechangesinbehaviorareowingto8choice.Beforethepandemicnoonewasstoppingpeoplegoingtochurchortakingpartinsports.They9preferredtodootherthings.Indeed,onereasonforthedeclineinmunalactivitiesisthatmenchoosetobewiththeirfamiliesratherthan10tothebar;Americanfathersspendthreetimesasmuchtimewiththeirchildrenastheydidinthe1960s.Thatissurelyaweledevelopment.Sorecreatingamunalsocietymaybedifficult.2、（2023·上海寶山·高二上海市吳淞中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）A．a(chǎn)uthorized

B．colonization

C．engineering

D．eventuallyE.fleeing

F.flown

G.founded

H.initiativeI.pursuing

J.rapidly

K.strategySpaceX’sFutureDependsonaGiganticRocketand42,000InternetSatellitesSpaceExplorationTechnologiesCorporation(SpaceX)isanAmericanaerospacemanufacturerandspacetransportservicespanywithitsheadquartersinHawthorne,California,USA．Itwas11in2002byformerPayPalentrepreneurandTeslaMotorsCEOElonMuskwiththegoalofcreatingthetechnologiestoreducespacetransportationcostsandenablethe12ofMars.IthasdevelopedtheFalcon1andFalcon9launchvehicles,bothofwhichweredesignedfromconceptionto13beereusable.IthasalsodevelopedtheDragonspacecraftwhichis14intoorbit(軌道)bytheFalcon9launchvehicletosupplytheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)withcargo.SpaceXwantstouseitsStarshiprocketforthekindofvoyagestoMarsandbeyondthatElonMuskhaslongdreamedof15.Starshipalsoformsanimportantfoundationofthefuturebusiness16athisspacepany,whichwantstousethevehicleinparttobuildoutStarlink,thesatelliteinternetservicemanyinvestorsbelievecouldintheendformthebulkofthepany’srevenue(收入).SpaceXfacessteepchallengesin17Starshipintoareusablerocketthatwouldsharplydrivedownlaunchcosts.Mr.Muskrecentlysaidtheshiptakesupmoreofhistimethananyothersingle18,andwarnedthevehicle,alongwiththeInternetservice,isposingsignificantchallengesforthepany.Starshipstands160feettallandhasadiameterof30feet,creatingroomtosendhundredsofStarlinksatellitestoorbitatonce,morethantheseveraldozenitisabletodeploy(部署)rightnowononeofitsFalcon9rockets.Thepanyplansto19boostthepaceofsatellitelaunchesintheyearsahead.TheFederalmunicationsmissionhas20SpaceXtolauncharound12,000satellites,butthepanywantstoaddatleastaround30,000more.Mr.MuskunveiledStarlinkin2015,aimingtodevelopanetworkofsmallersatellitesinaloworbitaroundEarththatcouldprovidehighspeedinternetaccessaroundtheworld.3、（2023下·上?！じ叨?fù)旦附中校考期中）HowtogetusedtogenderneutrallanguageA．relate

B．a(chǎn)ddressed

C．constant

D．filter

E.trickier

F.switchG.evolving

H.inclusive

I.apply

J.sustaining

K.preferredGenderisahugepartoflife.Itaffectseverything.Theworldisina(n)21stateofchange,andsoisourunderstandingofgender.Therefore,it’simportanttomakesurethewaywespeakandrefertopeoplehelpstolegitimiseandsupportthatchange.Inaccordancewiththechange,ateamatthelanguagelearningappBabbelhasdevelopedaguideongenderneutrallanguage,tohelpusincorporateitintooureverydayspeech.Unlikegenderedlanguage,genderneutrallanguagewill22toanyoneandeveryone.Butmovingtowardsgenderneutrallanguagerequiresconsciousthoughtandeffort.ThoughsomeEnglishwordsarealreadygenderneutral,whichmakesitfairlyeasytousethem,things