非謂語動(dòng)詞解題技巧

專題復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞的解題技巧復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)一基本形式二基本用法解題技巧鞏固練習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式不定式動(dòng)名詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞一般式一般被動(dòng)式完成式完成被動(dòng)式進(jìn)行式________完成進(jìn)行式________todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonetobedoingtohavebeendoingdoingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonedoingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonedone以do為例非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中所作的成分

成分動(dòng)詞形式主語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√

不定式作主語多表示一次性，將要的動(dòng)作并常常用it作形式主語。不定式前也可以加特殊疑問詞。Itisunfairtotreatuslikethat.Whethertoholdthesportsasplanneddependsontheweather.動(dòng)名詞作主語，表示習(xí)慣或抽象的動(dòng)作Smokingalotruinsone’shealth.KeepinmindIttakestwohours______there.________toofastistoodangerousA

todriveBDrivingAB必須牢記哪些動(dòng)詞后面跟不定式作賓語，哪些跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，還有兩者都可以的，意義相同的和意義不同的。如：stopdoing/todorememberforgetregretmeantryceasegoon…KeepinmindHehopes______therebybiketomorrow.Heenjoyed_____therebybike.Helikes_____football,buthedoesn’tlike_____footballthisafternoon.AgoingBtogoCplayingDtoplayABCDMyjobtodayistoteachyouhowtodoit.MyjobisteachingEnglish.Myjobistiringbutchallenging.I’minterestedinmyjob.Toteach不定式作表語，表示一次性的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)名詞作表語表示抽象或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，ing分詞作表語，表示主語狀態(tài)和性質(zhì)ed作表語，，或被動(dòng)或完成的狀態(tài)Thebuilding______nowwillbearestaurant.2.Thebuilding______nextyearwillbearestaurant.3.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.

A.havingbeenbuilt B.tobebuilt

C.beingbuilt D.built

CBD非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語，要考慮非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前，同時(shí)還是之后；也要考慮和句子的主語之間的是邏輯主謂還是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。單個(gè)的分詞放在被修飾的詞前面，分詞詞組放在后面。theexcitingnewsanexcitedexpressionI’llhaveBob____itrightnow.IhadBob_____itallmorning.I’llhaveit____byBobrightnow.A.doingB.doC.doneDtobedone不定式分詞作賓補(bǔ)也要考慮是發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前同時(shí)還是之后，以及和賓語之間是邏輯主謂還是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系同時(shí)還可以通過下列口訣牢記可以跟非謂語作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞“吾看三室兩廳一感覺”ABC5看（lookat,see,watch,notice,observe）；3使（make,let,have）；2聽（listento,hear）；1感覺（feel）。以上動(dòng)詞和find,keep,leave，have，smell等詞可用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,（let,make不跟ing作賓補(bǔ)）也可以用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：

Ifoundhimcookingsupper.IfoundsuppercookedwhenIgothome.“吾看三室兩廳一感覺”Tomakesomeprogress,youhavetoworkhard.不定式表示目的Hehurriedthere,onlytobetoldshehadleft.不定式表示意外的結(jié)果Dressedinwhite,heismorelikeacookthanadoctor.過去分詞描述主語的狀態(tài)與句中主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系與句中主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系Sheleft,leavinghimalone.Givenmoretime,hewilldoitmuchbetter.

Hesatthere,lookingoutofthewindow.

Havingfinishedhisjob,hewenthome.Whenbeinginterviewedheistoonervoustospeak.

Havingbeenwarnedmanytimes,hefinallyleft.

分詞作狀語(口訣）邏輯主謂用現(xiàn)分；邏輯動(dòng)賓用過分；沒有邏輯用獨(dú)立；分謂同時(shí)一般式；分前謂后完成式；正在被動(dòng)beingdone；完被須用havingbeendone

：Keepinmind前提：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，看是否需要用非謂語動(dòng)詞一、先結(jié)構(gòu)二、再語態(tài)三、后時(shí)態(tài)前提：

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)_____manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.2._____manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.

Havingbeentold B.Beingtold

C.Hewastold D.Thoughhehadbeentold

CA

D1.______totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.

2.Ifyou_____totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.3.______totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.

Turning B.ToturnC.TurnD.turn

ExercisesADCTimepermits，wewillgoforapicnic.Studyinghard,andyouwillmakesomeprogress.改錯(cuò)StudyhardIftimepermitsTimepermittingStudyinghard,youwill一.先結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候，它的形式要由前面的動(dòng)詞決定。因此，我們要先考慮它與前面動(dòng)詞固定搭配的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。有些動(dòng)詞的賓語只接動(dòng)詞不定式(todo)，而有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語則要求只能用動(dòng)名詞(-ing)作賓語還有一些使役動(dòng)詞的固定搭配，如havesth.done等，with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)等，動(dòng)詞搭配的結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)固定了非謂語的形式。例如：Hewaspretending________whenhismothercameinhisstudy.A.readingB.tobereadingC.readD.bereading只要掌握動(dòng)詞pretend后只能接不定式作它的賓語，即pretendtodosth，一眼就可以選出正確答案BExercise（陜西卷09）Istillremember

totheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.AtotakeBtobetakenCtakingDbeingtakenIcouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_________.（goon）（2005北京）

Don’tleavethewater______（run）whileyoubrushyourteeth.（2004天津）Themaninsisted________ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.（2004江蘇）A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infindingHegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk______（lose）thegoodopportunity.（05上海）DCgoingonrunninglosing二.再語態(tài)不必考慮或考慮完畢非謂語動(dòng)詞的固定結(jié)構(gòu)后，再分析非謂語動(dòng)詞與它的邏輯主語的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)

。如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則要選用相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式，如tobedone,beingdone,done等。______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.

2.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.

A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.SeeAB

Exercises1（江西卷09）_________therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrowintotheinternationalstars.A.GivingB.HavinggivenC.TogiveD.Given2.____thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.Waswashed B.Washed C.Washing D.HavingwashedDD動(dòng)賓關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系First____tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducing B.introducedC.introduce D.beingintroduced分析:introducetheseproducts,句子的主語theseproducts是非謂語動(dòng)詞introduce邏輯上的賓語，所以用過去分詞選B分析：Hewalked，主謂關(guān)系，同時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞（安徽卷09）._______inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.A.Towalk.B.WalkingC.WalkedD.Havingwalked三.后時(shí)態(tài)在選定了主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)后，還要考慮動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間問題，即時(shí)態(tài),是將來的，進(jìn)行的，還是完成的?尤其是要和謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間進(jìn)行比較。

不定式todo主動(dòng)被動(dòng)

一般式towritetobewritten進(jìn)行式tobewriting完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten

之后同時(shí)之前及物動(dòng)詞Hepretendedtogotothelibrary.他假裝要去（之后）Hepretendedtobereadinginthelibrary.假裝正在讀（同時(shí)）

Hepretendedtohavereadthebook.假裝已經(jīng)讀過了（之前）Examples動(dòng)名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞doing主動(dòng)被動(dòng)

一般式writingbeingwritten進(jìn)行式完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten過去分詞done主動(dòng)被動(dòng)

一般式done進(jìn)行式完成式同時(shí)之前山東卷09）Weareinvitedtoaparty_________inourclubnextFriday.

A.tobeheld

B.held

C.beingheld

D.holdingtobeheld用作aparty的定語，將要舉行（被動(dòng)，之后）09江西卷）Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws_____parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.

A.forced

B.forcing

C.tobeforced

D.havingforced

forcing作定語相當(dāng)于whichwillforce

（主動(dòng)，同時(shí)）（浙江卷08）13.Itisoneofthefunniestthings______ontheInternetsofarthisyear.A.findingB.beingfoundC.tofindD.foundFound過去分詞作定語已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)（被動(dòng)，之前）

ExercisesHestoodthere______forhismother.

2.______fortwohours,hewentaway.

A.waitingB.waitC.waitedD.HavingwaitedAD句1表示"站在那等"，兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，故選A作伴隨狀語。

句2表示已經(jīng)等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞"wentaway"之前，故用完成式，選D。

需要注意的是，非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定也是?？嫉捻?xiàng)目，要認(rèn)清否定形式，非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定都應(yīng)將not放在前面。Weallknowthat,____,thesituationwillgetworse.

A.ifnotdealtcarefullywithB.ifnotcarefullydealtwith

C.ifdealtnotcarefullywith D.notifcarefullydealtwith

（四川卷09）Hetolduswhether_________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion

A.tohave

B.having

C.have

D.hadwhethertohaveapicnic

作從句的主語，(07上海）_____tothesunforalongtimewilldoharmtoyourskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed

Beingexposed作主語

consolidation高考題再現(xiàn)(浙江卷06)Itremains________whetherJim’llbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.toseeTobeseen不定式用作remain的表語四川卷09）Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremain__________untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.

A.seated

B.seating

C.toseat

D.seatseated過去分詞作表語Thequestionisreally_____,somanychildrenhavea_____expressionintheireyesApuzzled,puzzlingBpuzzling,puzzlingCpuzzling,puzzledDpuzzled,puzzledPuzzling現(xiàn)在分詞作表語（湖南卷09）Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit

_.

A.reusingB.reused

C.reuses

D.tobereused

tobereused

用作make的賓語，it是形式賓語

forit，是其邏輯上的主語江西卷09）Ihearthey’vepromotedTom,buthedidn’tmention_____whenwetalkedonthephone.A.topromoteB.havingbeenpromotedC.havingpromotedD.tobepromotedhavingbeenpromoted作mention的賓語07北京卷）—Excusemesir,whereisRoom301?—Justaminute.I’llhaveBob____youtoyourroomA.showB.showsC.toshowD.showing作賓語Bob的補(bǔ)足語（江蘇卷）34.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish______asmuchaswecan.A.speak.B.speaking C.spoken D.tospeak07全國卷I）Ismellsomething__________inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburnt（遼寧卷09）

,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.

A

Beingawinner

BTobeawinner

CBeawinner

DHavingbeenawinner目的狀語

(廣東卷09).Hehurriedtothestationonly______thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound結(jié)果狀語（意外的結(jié)果）（遼寧卷09）Whenwevisitedmyoldfamilyhome,memorycame______back

A.flooding

B.toflood

C.flood

D.flooded作狀語，描述來的方式浙江卷09）______andshortofbreath,AndyandRubywerethefirsttoreachthetopofMountTai.Tobetried

B.Tired

C.Tiring

D.Beingtired

作狀語，描述主語的狀態(tài)四川卷09）__manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.A.Told

B.Telling

C.Havingtold

D.Havingbeentold

打算(intend)計(jì)劃(plan)和期盼(expect)假裝(pretend)喜歡(wouldlike/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish)決定(decide)同意(agree)來幫助(help)設(shè)法(manage)說服(persuade)不拒絕(refuse)好像(seem/appear)答應(yīng)(promise)做努力(attempt)選擇(choose)詢問(ask)多學(xué)習(xí)(learn)告訴(tell)失敗(fail)也付得起(afford)請牢記在下列固定句式中，動(dòng)詞用V-ing式：Thereisnopointarguingfurther.再爭辯下去沒有意義。Itisnogooddoingthat.那樣做沒有用。Itisnousetellinghisfatheraboutit.告訴他父親那件事沒用。在動(dòng)詞remember,try,regret,forget,need/want/require，stop,mean等后跟動(dòng)名詞V-和不定式意義不同，巧記一句話（記住努力；后悔忘記；需要停止；很有意義），考慮（consider）完成（finish）多練習(xí)（practise）避免（avoid）冒險(xiǎn)（risk）求建議（sugg