非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞間句法功能

區(qū)分三大非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞間的句法功能

人教版Book7Unit3語(yǔ)法1課時(shí)1.動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式完成式進(jìn)行式

完成進(jìn)行式

todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonetobedoing\tohavebeendoing

\

2.分詞/動(dòng)名詞的基本形式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)動(dòng)在名分詞詞一般式完成式過(guò)去分詞

doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone\done3.動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)詞不定式分詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)4.1作主語(yǔ)

不定式多表具體的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)名詞多表抽象習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作（1）不定式做主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，為了平衡句子,通常用it作形式主語(yǔ),構(gòu)成句型:It’s+n.(adj.)+for(of)sb.+todosth.Tofindoutwhostolethemoneyisnoteasy.It’snoteasy(foryou)tofindoutwhostolethemoney.5.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):forsbtodo,ofsbtodoItisusefulforyoutolearnsomespokenEnglish.Itisverykindofyoutocomehere.Itisfoolishofhimtodosuchathing.在某些形容詞如clever,good,nice,kind,foolish,careless,right,wrong,rude,

impolite等詞之后的不定式前，常加of短語(yǔ),這是對(duì)人做某事的贊揚(yáng)，責(zé)備或感激等。6.．.eg.It’sworthwhiledoingit.It’snousedoingit.It’sawasteoftimedoingit(2)動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，it也可作形式主語(yǔ)．用于這種形式的是一些特定的adj和n，但較少,如worthwhile,worth,useless,nouse,nogood,fun,awasteoftime等7.2作賓語(yǔ)I’mpreparingtotaketheexaminationnextweek.（1）只接todo作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞attempt,afford,agree,arrange,beg,choose,decide,determine,expect,hope,intend,long,manage,offer,plan,pretend,prepare,promise,refuseseek,wish,want等8.allow,mind,miss,enjoy,escape,conside（考慮）,admit(承認(rèn))，advise,appreciate，avoid,finish,practise,suggest,delay（延遲）,imagine,keep,quit（離開(kāi)）,resist(抵抗),risk（冒險(xiǎn)）,beusedto,lookforwardto（期望）,objectto（反對(duì)）,payattentionto,等

（2）只接doing動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞9.(3)即可接todo又可接doing，但意義區(qū)別不大的詞有：like,hate,begin,start,love,continue等．．注意:start,begin后面接todo和doing無(wú)多大區(qū)別。但在下列情況下，多用動(dòng)詞不定式：a．表自然界變化：Itstartedtorain.Snowstartedtomeltasspringcame.接表心理活動(dòng)的詞，如understand,know,realize等Ibegantorealizemymistakes.begin,start本身為進(jìn)行時(shí)：Peoplearebeginningtotakesomemeasurestostoppollution.10.(4)有些動(dòng)詞后可接todo或doing，但意義截然不同。trytodotrydoingmeantodomeandoingforgettodoforgetdoingremembertodorememberdoingstoptodostopdoing盡力去做某事試一試，試試看打算做某事意味著做某事忘記做過(guò)了某事忘記要做某事記得要做某事記得做過(guò)了某事停下（某事）去做某事把某事停下來(lái)11.goondoinggoontodo

regrettodoregretdoing(5)need,require,want譯作“需要”時(shí)，跟doing作賓語(yǔ)，主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于tobedone.Theclassroomneedscleaning/tobecleaned

繼續(xù)做同一件事繼續(xù)做另一件事遺憾地要做某事后悔做了某事can’thelptodocan’thelpdoing情不自禁做某事不能幫助做某事12.(6)介詞but/except表除了，其前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，but/except后的不定式to要省略，否則to則不省.我們用一句話概括就是：有do無(wú)to，有to無(wú)do．ShehasnochoicebuttowaitHecoulddonothingbutwait.13.3作表語(yǔ)不定式，動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)多說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，不定式常說(shuō)明具體的一次行為，動(dòng)名詞多表抽象習(xí)慣分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞：令人…的過(guò)去分詞：感到…的Myjobistoteach/teachingyouEnglish.Shelookeddisappointed.Thenewsisverydisappointing.14.（1）不定式做定語(yǔ)

a作定語(yǔ)的不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞往往存在著三種邏輯關(guān)系，主謂關(guān)系，動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同位語(yǔ)關(guān)系A(chǔ)liceisalwaysthefirststudenttocome

to

school.(主謂關(guān)系)Tomhasalargefamilytosupport.(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)Myfathermadeapromisetobuymeabicycle.(同位語(yǔ)關(guān)系)4做定語(yǔ)15.B在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)在該動(dòng)詞后加上一個(gè)介詞Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite

on.Shehasanicepentowrite

with.Heboughtaflatforthefamilytolive

in.16.c當(dāng)名詞被thefirst,thelast等序數(shù)詞以及

theonly,形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，常用不定式作定語(yǔ)，而不管動(dòng)作是否已完成．

Heistheonlypersontoknowthetruth.Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.

d以“即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”修飾事物時(shí)，可用不定式做定語(yǔ)．Hewillwritemorebooksintheyearstocome.Thestudentsarepreparingfortheexaminationtotakeplacesoon.17.(2)分詞做定語(yǔ)：分詞前置：

Wecanseetherisingsun.(表正在進(jìn)行主動(dòng)Heisaretiredworker.（表被動(dòng)完成）分詞后置：Therewasagirlsittingthere.Thisisthequestiongiven.Thereistenminutesleft.單個(gè)的分詞做定語(yǔ)分詞短語(yǔ)，個(gè)別分詞如given,left等時(shí)要后置．18.(3)動(dòng)名詞與分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)表示其名詞的用途現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)表示名詞所進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作asleepingbaby=ababywhoissleepingasleepingcar=acarforsleeping19.

5作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（1）賓補(bǔ)為todo的動(dòng)詞

如：asksbtodosth類(lèi)似動(dòng)詞有allow,forbid,prefer,force,announce,press,inspire,request,advise,remind,beg,command,drive，train,cause,require，order,warn,encourage,want,lead,teach,permit,wish等20.（2）賓補(bǔ)為省去to的不定式,被動(dòng)時(shí)需加上toa.表示感覺(jué)或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞see/watch/notice/observe/hear/listento/

feel等Theysawtheboyfallfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.b.使役動(dòng)詞have,make,let

但無(wú)makesbdoingsth的結(jié)構(gòu)

21.6作狀語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞不定式與分詞）Shewasverysurprisedtohearthenews.（原因）HewenthometofindhisoldfriendTomwaitingforhim.（結(jié)果）

a.表結(jié)果時(shí)only

todo表意料之外，onlydoing表情理之中Ihurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.(意料之外)Hegotupearlyonlycatchingthefirstbus(情理之中）.(1)動(dòng)詞不定式表目的，結(jié)果，原因22.B不定式用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，還可以用于

so…asto…/such…asto…(如此…以致于…)，too…to…adj./adv./n.+enoughtodo…

Jimgotupsoearlyastocatchthefirstbus.Theproblemistoodifficultforustoworkout.Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.23.c主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的不定式eg:Thequestionisverydifficulttoanswer.Thearmchairiscomfortabletositin.主語(yǔ)＋be+adj.+todo

能用于此句型的形容詞有：difficult,easy,comfortable,hard,pleasant，interesting,dangerous,等24.

(2)分詞做狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間，原因，條件，讓步，伴隨，方式，結(jié)果Nothavingreceived(=AsIhadn’treceived)ananswer,Iwrotehimaletter.Hesatatthetable,readingtheChinaDaily

andreadtheChinaDaily25.改錯(cuò)：1.Seeingfromthetopofthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.

seen2.Beingdark,shedidn’tdaretogooutalone.

It26.(3)a分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：由主語(yǔ)+分詞構(gòu)成Everythingdone(=Aftereverythingwasdone),theywenthome.Motherbeingillinbed（=BecauseMotherwasillinbed）,hecouldn’tgotowork.Timepermitting（=Iftimepermits）,Ishallstayhereforanothertwodays．27.b.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)用所有格one’s，作賓語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)用賓格或所有格均可one’s/sb，邏輯主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命名詞時(shí),不管做主語(yǔ)還是賓語(yǔ)，只用普通格1)

Tom’s/His/Thatgirl’sbeinglatemadetheteacherangry.2)TheteacherwasangryatTom’s/Tom

beinglate.

his/his

thatgirl’s/thatgirl3）Arethereanyhopeofourteamwinningthe