2024年高考英語復(fù)習(xí)語篇理解技能梳理(通用版)08 閱讀理解之七選五（解析版）

資料整理【淘寶店鋪：向陽百分百】資料整理【淘寶店鋪：向陽百分百】08閱讀理解之七選五七選五應(yīng)對策略分析規(guī)律1：段首設(shè)空——段落主題+承上啟下策略1：把握形似,確定語段標(biāo)題句【典題示例】·37

Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料).38Stillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplants.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.

·Recall(回憶)yourchildhoodmemoriesA.KnowwhyyougardenB.Findagoodplaceforyourowngarden【思路分析】本題考查對段落小標(biāo)題的選擇。首先根據(jù)下文的另一個小標(biāo)題·Recall(回憶)yourchildhoodmemories(祈使句),可以將選擇范圍縮小到A項和B項之間,再根據(jù)段落中的thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.可以發(fā)現(xiàn)該段主要是分析從事園藝的原因,故選A。

策略2：根據(jù)一致,確定段落主題句【典題示例】(2021·全國乙卷·節(jié)選)36,ifyou’reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou’rewanderingintosomebody’shouseforthefirsttime.Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.

A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【思路分析】本題考查段落主題句。從本段中的“ifyou’reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou’rewanderingintosomebody’shouseforthefirsttime”,及“beadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers”可知本段主要談?wù)摿俗叱隽俗约旱氖孢m區(qū),或者第一次走進別人的家里,敢于冒險,嘗試不同的食物,和陌生人交談。選項“B.Thefirststepistogoexploring”符合語境。故選B。

策略3：瞻前顧后,確定段落過渡句【典題示例】(2021·全國甲卷·節(jié)選)Swap,Don’tShop!Youkeephearingaboutrecycling,right?Butitdoesn’tendwithbottles,cans,andpaper.Clothingtakesahugeamountofnaturalresources(資源)tomake,andbuyingloadsofnewclothing(orthrowingoutoldclothing)isnothealthyfortheenvironment.Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-themclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor?16.It’sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.

A.LesspeoplethanthatB.HoldaclothingswapC.IftwopeoplearecompetingD.JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE.DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF.Haveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspots【思路分析】本題考查段落過渡句。本題前段尾句問“那么,該如何處理那些堆在臥室地板上的雖完好但可能有點厭倦的衣服呢?”,后句提到“這是扔掉舊衣服、從朋友那里得到衣服并同時開派對的最好方法”,B選項“進行衣物交換”是對前句的回答,同時引起下文,故選B。

規(guī)律2：段中設(shè)空——“七種關(guān)系”助力解題通常考查與前后句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系和上下文的銜接?？疾橐c有:總分關(guān)系、解釋關(guān)系、例證關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進關(guān)系和并列關(guān)系。有時會出現(xiàn)下列銜接詞匯或短語結(jié)構(gòu):first,second,then,next,later,soon,so,but,however,additionally,what’smore,thatis,namely,inotherwords,foronething...foranother等,這些詞匯和短語結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中起到提示邏輯關(guān)系的作用,是解題時需要重點關(guān)注的部分。策略1：根據(jù)總分關(guān)系確定答案【典題示例】Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.37Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning.

C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecameinterestedincamping.【思路分析】本題考查總分關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文的描述“我們睡在帳篷里、在篝火上做飯、走很遠的路去洗澡和上廁所”可知,這次野營比較艱難,設(shè)空處是總體評價,后面是詳細描述。故選C。

策略2：根據(jù)解釋關(guān)系確定答案【典題示例】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·節(jié)選)InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency(效率).Youcantellthisbycaféslife.Frenchcafésarealwayscrowded.40Whendothesepeoplework?TheFrenchtaketheir35-hourworkweekseriously—soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【思路分析】本題考查解釋關(guān)系。設(shè)空前介紹法國咖啡廳常常很擁擠,設(shè)空處“并非所有的顧客都是游客”符合語境,空后通過設(shè)問“這些人什么時候工作呢?”,用回答該問題的方式來解釋為什么當(dāng)?shù)厝擞袝r間享受咖啡館生活。故選A。

策略3：根據(jù)例證關(guān)系確定答案【典題示例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·節(jié)選)Theplacewasn’tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing(水管)worked.37Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,“Ouverturedesportes,”inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andit’sashameIdon’thavemuchuseforit.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【思路分析】本題考查例證關(guān)系。本段句首提出觀點:“可是,這個地方并不完全像地道的巴黎”,接下來要舉例說明,再結(jié)合空前一句講的是“管道正常工作”,空后一句講的是“甚至還有小電梯”,本句內(nèi)容應(yīng)該涉及房子的好處“公寓里有不錯的廚房和舒適的床”,故選C。

策略4：根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系確定答案表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連接詞有:but但是,however/whereas然而,nevertheless仍然,然而,不過,nonetheless盡管如此,依然,然而,still還;然而,though可是,不過,然而,yet然而,inspiteof不顧,不管,atanyrate無論如何,至少,inanycase無論如何,不管怎樣,whoever無論是誰,whatever無論什么,onthecontrary正相反,incontrast與此相反,相比之下,bycontrast相反,相比之下,incomparison比較起來,比較地,bycomparison相比之下,conversely相反(地),otherwise否則;除此以外,not...but不是……而是,aswell也等。【典題示例】(2021·浙江高考·節(jié)選)“Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends.”hesaystoChinaDaily,“butyoucanimaginethatafterawhile,youneverreceiveasmanyasyousend,andyourealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit.32”Seekingotherlike-mindedsouls,however,Paulostartedlookinginasomewhatunlikelyplace:online.ManywouldsaytheInternetisaplaceforpeoplewhohavegivenuponthetraditionalpostalservice,butPaulo’shunch(直覺)paidoff.

A.Andthat’stotallyfine.B.Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit.C.Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby.D.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.【思路分析】本題考查轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。設(shè)空處前一句的句意為“過了一段時間你會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己收到的明信片沒有發(fā)出去的多”。設(shè)空處后一句的句意為“然而,Paulo沒有放棄自己的愛好,而是采取了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的方式”根據(jù)邏輯判斷,設(shè)空處應(yīng)與其前一句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,意為“那完全不成問題”。故選A。

策略5：根據(jù)因果關(guān)系確定答案表示因果關(guān)系的連詞有asaresult/consequently結(jié)果,thus/therefore因此,so(such)...that...如此……以至于……等?！镜漕}示例】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·節(jié)選)MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.36Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【思路分析】本題考查因果關(guān)系。根據(jù)空后的句子中的So可知,該句與設(shè)空處是因果關(guān)系。F項“我們的目的是想看看我們能否像真正的巴黎人一樣生活”是作者和她丈夫在巴黎租住公寓的原因。故選F。

策略6：根據(jù)遞進關(guān)系確定答案表示遞進關(guān)系的連詞有:also也,而且,further另外(地),furthermore而且,此外,likewise同樣地,照樣地;也,又,similarly相似地,類似地,moreover而且,再者,此外,inaddition另外,加之,what’smore更重要的是,too也,還,either也,neither兩者都不,notonly...butalso不但……而且等。【典題示例】(2021·浙江高考·節(jié)選)Languageiscertainlyabarrierformanypeople.Forpostcrossingtoworkworldwide,acommoncommunicationlanguageisneededsothateveryonecanunderstandeachother.AscoolasitmaybetoreceiveapostcardwritteninChinese,theconceptdoesn’tworkifonedoesn’tunderstandit.34Soacommonlanguageisrequiredandinpostcrossingthat’sEnglishsinceit’swidelyspoken.

A.Andthat’stotallyfine.B.Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit.C.Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby.D.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.【思路分析】本題考查遞進關(guān)系。AscoolasitmaybetoreceiveapostcardwritteninChinese,theconceptdoesn’tworkifonedoesn’tunderstandit.“雖然收到一張漢語卡片很酷,但如果你不懂漢語,你就看不懂意思”,而F項Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.“同樣,如果你只會說中文,收到一張瑞典語的卡片也會讓你失去一部分樂趣”與前句構(gòu)成遞進關(guān)系。故選F。

策略7：根據(jù)并列關(guān)系確定答案【典題示例】(2021·全國乙卷·節(jié)選)38Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalking?Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(講臺).Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.39.

A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【思路分析】本題考查并列關(guān)系。空處與空格前的“Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.”構(gòu)成并列句中的選擇關(guān)系,并與首句中“won’tstoptalking”呼應(yīng),故E項(或者把談話變成一個他們無話可說的話題)符合語境。故選E。

規(guī)律3：段尾設(shè)空——“總結(jié)概括”+“過渡銜接”策略1：利用主題句或總結(jié)句確定答案【典題示例】(2021·浙江高考·節(jié)選)You’vegotmail...andit’sapostcardPauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,lovestoopenhismailboxandfindabrightlycoloredpictureofRome’sColosseum.OrAfrica’sVictoriaFalls.OrChina’sGreatWall.31

A.Andthat’stotallyfine.B.Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit.C.Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby.D.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.【思路分析】本題考查段落總結(jié)句。前面提到PauloMagalhaes喜歡世界各地明信片的內(nèi)容“羅馬圓形大劇場的彩色圖片,或者是非洲維多利亞瀑布,或者是中國的長城”,設(shè)空處對上文進行總結(jié)“總之,他喜歡明信片……”。故選G。

策略2：利用段落過渡句確定答案【典題示例】IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.36

Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning.D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.【思路分析】本題考查段落過渡句。文章首段是說“如果三年前有人告訴我以后大部分的周末時間都會露營,我會放聲大笑。”而設(shè)空處后面講的是“介紹我去露營的朋友們認為這注定是一次具有開創(chuàng)性的露營?！眱啥蝺?nèi)容上有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以要填一個承上啟下的過渡句“然而,自從那時以來我學(xué)到了很多有關(guān)露營的知識?！惫蔬xD。

策略3：利用補充信息句確定答案【典題示例】●Don’tsharepersonalinformationorstories.Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsoryourbestfriends.Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.39.

B.Turntoanonlineinstructorforhelp.C.Ifmoreinformationisneeded,theywillask.【思路分析】本題考查補充信息句。本段主要講的是:不要把個人信息和經(jīng)歷告訴教授,如果你需要延長最后期限,只需要向教授解釋處境即可。最后應(yīng)該補充說明:如果需要了解更多信息,他們會詢問的。故選C。

規(guī)律4：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法——破解語篇銜接難題策略1：原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)法【典題示例】(2021·全國乙卷·節(jié)選)Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou’refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment(贊揚).40.Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”

A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【思路分析】本題考查原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)段落主題句可知,本段主要講面對“otherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence(宴會殺手:尷尬的沉默)”我們該怎么辦。由“theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment”和G選項“Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost(他或她是最能感受到這種尷尬的人)”中的“Heorshe(指代host)”及“awkwardness(原詞復(fù)現(xiàn))”可知G項符合語境。故選G。

策略2：代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)法it可指代單數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞或整個句子;they或them指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞;one指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞;that指代不可數(shù)名詞或句子;this指代單數(shù)名詞或句子;these或those指代前句的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。還有反身代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞等?！镜漕}示例】(2021·全國乙卷·節(jié)選)Peoplelovetotalkaboutthemselves.Ifyoucanstarttheconversationwithaquestionotherthan“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?”,you’llbeabletogetalotmoreinterestingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou’retalkingto.37,itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.”Itjustopensupconversation.

A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【思路分析】本題考查代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。從此空后的標(biāo)點符號可推知此空應(yīng)該填入一個從句。再根據(jù)后面句子itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.”(它可以帶來“我有一輛舊的,壞了的車”或者“我和這些瘋狂的人一起坐在公共汽車上,他們在后面笑著愚蠢的笑話”的回答)中的it代指前面提出的問題,可知C.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”(如果你問“你怎么來的?”)符合語境。故選C。

策略3：派生復(fù)現(xiàn)法【典題示例】40Whilethesun’srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat’splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday’sworthofVitaminD.

A.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociatefreshairwithhealthcare.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.【思路分析】本題考查派生復(fù)現(xiàn)。下文中的“beneficial”與D項中的“benefit”屬于同根詞,屬于派生詞重復(fù)信息。

策略4：同義復(fù)現(xiàn)法【典題示例】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·節(jié)選)Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.38Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【思路分析】本題考查同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。G項中的delicious與設(shè)空前的great形成同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系,而且空后又具體例證了巴黎人吃的食物很美味。故選G。

策略5：反義復(fù)現(xiàn)法【典題示例】(2021·全國甲卷·節(jié)選)·Invite5—10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.17,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.

A.LesspeoplethanthatB.HoldaclothingswapC.IftwopeoplearecompetingD.JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE.DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF.HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition【思路分析】本題考查反義復(fù)現(xiàn)。本題要求選擇一個半句,與下文的“morethanthat...”形成對比,要有l(wèi)essthanthat,less與more構(gòu)成反義詞,句意:人比這少,可能沒有足夠的東西可供選擇;人比這多,它變得無法控制。其中,選項A中的that指代前文的5—10people,故選A。

名校資源學(xué)練1Letuslookatwhatmakesaneffectivepersuasivespeech.Chooseagoodtopic.First,youshouldchooseatopicyouknowsomethingaboutorhaveresearchedwelltoprepareforyourspeech.Makesureitisasubjectaboutwhichpeoplehavedifferentopinions.1Itisalsobesttochooseasubjectyourlistenerscareaboutorcanacton.2Youcanexpectthattheycareabouthowthetownappears,orthattheycanchangetheiractions.So,givingaspeechaboutwhylitteringharmsyourtown’sappearancemightpersuadepeoplewhodoittostop.3Youshouldconsideryourlistenersasyouplanyourspeech.Whatdotheyvalue?Thinkingofthethingsyourlistenersvaluewillhelpyouformargumentsinyourspeech.Ifyouwantthemtostopeatingunhealthyfoods,forexample,youmayappealtothevalueoftheirappearance.Youwilltalkabouthowhealthyfoodsresultingood-lookingskinandanattractivebody.Prepareyourargument.4WeuseGreekwordstodescribethembecausetheancientGreeksdevelopedandappealedtotheseideas.Theyare:Ethos—appealtothelisteners’ethicsormorals.Pathos—appealtothelisteners’emotions.Logos—appealtothelisteners’logicorintelligence.Organizeyourspeech.Youshouldmakeanoutlineofyourspeech.Startwithanattention-gettingstatement.Thenexplainyourmainideaandgiveevidencetosupportyourargument.Listthepointsyouwanttomakeandthinkofhowtoanswerargumentsagainstyourposition.Finishwithacalltoaction—whatdoyouwantyourlistenerstodo?5Donotplantoreadthespeechword-for-wordfromapaper.A.Knowyouraudience.B.Makethethemeclear.C.Whatwillyoudoifyoufail?D.Doyouseepeopleinyourtownlittering?E.Itwouldnotbelogicaltospeakaboutafactrecognizedbyeverybody.F.Therearethreecommonwaystopersuadepeopleofyourwayofthinking.G.Finally,practiceathomeuntilyouneedonlyanotecardwithyourmainpointsonitwhenyougivethespeech.2Haveyouimaginedmakinganattractivegardenwhichwillbethereasonforyourneighbors’envy?6Butnoteveryoneofthemhasthetalentformakingithappen.However,ifthere’sonethingtheyDOknow,it’showtomakeasimplecupoftea.Asfortheusedteabags,mostofthemfindthey’reonthelandfillsite,butnolonger!Yourusedteabagcanworkwondersinyourgardenbyyoursimplyburyingit.7Continuetoreadwhatitdoes.Ifyouhaveevertriedtogrowsomeseedlings(幼苗),thenyouknowthatthiscanbequitechallenging.Notallseedscangrowintoseedlings,eventhoughyouhavetriedsohard.Butdon’tworry.Hereisgoodnews.8Andwhatyouneedjustinvolvesausedteabag.Byburyingateabaginyourgarden,youwillprovidenutritiontothesoil,offeringnecessaryfoodtotheplants.Inthisway,yourplantswillbehealthierandgrowquicker.Thisisbecauseteaworksasanaturalfertilizer(肥料)forthesoil.Theteabagitselfisusuallymadefromfibresfromtheabacaplant,whichisatypeofbananaplant.Thebagbreaksdownwithitscontents.9Ifyouburyateabagclosetotherootsofyourplants,itwillhelpstorewaterinthesoil.Ifthere’sonethingimportantforplants,it’swater!What’smore,weedsarenotwantedinyourgarden.10Byburyingausedteabagintheearth,you’llmakeitalotharderfortheweedstogrowalongsideyourhealthyplants.A.Ateabagisagreatanswer.B.Itdoesworkthoughitsoundsstrange.C.Makingabeautifulgardenrequiresefforts.D.Abeautifulgardenissomethingmostpeopleenjoy.E.Thereisonewaytohelpyourseedlingsgrowbetter.F.Asimpleteabagislikelytodowondersforyourseeds.G.Thatwillcreateahealthyenvironmentforplantstogrowin.3（2023·四川巴中·統(tǒng)考一模）Friendshipisapracticeofunconditionallove,anopportunitytogrowtogethertowardsfulfillment(成就),andajourneytounfoldthemostpreciouscapacitiesofahumanbeing.11Here4keypointstodevelopandsustainatruefriendship.12Manytimesweblametheotherpersonforwhatwefeel,withoutrealizingthatwearepresentingthebadpowertohim/her.Thisisnot,however,somethingwemustbeafraidoforweshouldavoid.Whenwecreateabondofaffectionwithanotherhumanbeing,weareautomaticallyvulnerabletotheactionsthatareproducedbythisperson.Beingawareofthat,wewouldbebetteroffifwetakeresponsibilityandaccepttheemotionsthatcomeupinourinnerworldinsteadofblamingtheotherforwhatwearefeeling.Providesupportandencouragement.Friendshipsaren’tallfunandgames—theydorequireyouputinsomework.Saythey’vejustquarreledwiththeirparentsorfailedanexam.It’syourjobtobethereforthemandprovidethemwithwhatevertheyneed,startingwithsupportandcomfort.13Whateverthecase,makeitapparentthatyou’rerootingforthem.Seekthegoodoftheotherperson.Whenweloveanotherperson,weseekthegoodoftheotherbecausewegladdentheirownhappiness.Therefore,ourseekingfortheotherperson’sgoodistotallydisinterested.Weservetheotherwithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.14Acceptthedifferences.15.Friendshipwelcomesdifferencesandintegratesthemintoalevelofunionthatacceptsandgoesbeyondthem.Friendshipinvolvesrecognizingthatthevalueoftherelationshipisbeyondourpersonaltraitsandbeliefsystem.A.Behonestwitheachother.B.Actsoflovearemadeforitsownsake.C.Takeresponsibilityofyourownemotions.D.Additionally,it’syourdutytogivethemencouragementasneeded.E.Humanbeingsarerelationalbeings,aseverythingwefindinthenature.F.Therefore,developingfriendshipwithotherpeopleisessentialinourlives.G.Friendshipdoesn’tmeanhavingthesameinterests,opinionsandmindsetastheotherperson.4（2023·四川攀枝花·統(tǒng)考二模）Socialmediahasbasicallytakenoveralmosteverydaylifeformanypeople.Theyliketopostvideosonlinetosharetheirlife.Butsometimes,ifyoupostavideoonlineandyourvideobecomespopular,youmaygetcommentsfrompeoplewhowillalwaysfindsomethingtocomplainabout.Theymayspreadgossip(流言蜚語)aboutyouthatisn’ttrue.Negativecomments,iftheyaremishandled,canaffectyourreputationandmood.16First,respondpositivelyandpolitely.Somepeoplelikeyourvideowhileothersdon’t.Nomatterhownegativethecommentis,it’sbestforyoutogiveapositiveandpoliteresponse.17.Don’tbeangry,andstaycalm,whichhelpsyougaintheupperhand.Next,movingtheconversationoutofthepubliceyeandintoaprivateareaisusuallythebestchoice.18Instead,leaveacommentforthem,askingthemtocontactyoutodiscusstheproblemprivately.Thisshowseveryonethatyouarewillingtosolvetheissue.Finally,don’treplyiftheytrytostartanargument.Often,keyboardwarriors(鍵盤俠)arefeelingbadaboutsomethingintheirownlives.19Avoidbeingnegativelyinfluencedbytheircomments.Youtotallyhavetherighttodeleteanythingthatshouldnotbeonyoursocialmediapage.20Justlaughthemoffandletthemgo.Youcan’tcontrolwhatotherpeopledo.Allyoucandoiskeeppostingandsharingpositivethings.Whenotherscanseethatyouarestilllivingagoodlife,theywillbeencouragedbyyou.A.Sowhenshouldyouignorenegativecomments?B.Thenhowshouldwedealwithnegativecomments?C.Sokeepitinmindthattheircommentshavenothingtodowithyou.D.Howdoyourecoverfromthosenegativecommentsonsocialmedia?E.However,don’tsendadirectmessagetothenegativecommentmakers.F.Eachcommentneedstobeconsideredonthebasisoffactsandtheories.G.Thisshowsthatyoucareabouteveryoneelseonyoursocialmediapage.5（2023·河北滄州·?？既＃〩elpingYourKidstoBeInterestedinSportsBeingactiveandmovingissomethingthatissoimportantforusall,especiallyforchildren.21However,someparentscanfeelshockedwhentheyseethattheirchildisn’tinterestedinsports.Sohowcanyouencouragethemtohaveago?Itissuchagoodideatoleadbyexamplewhenyouareaparent.Thisistrueforavarietyofaspects,butespeciallyforgettingchildreninvolvedinsport.22Soyouneedtobesomeonewhoisinterestedandactive,ifyouwantanyhopeofthemdoingsotoo.Ifyoulayonthecouchalldaythentheywilljustlearntodothattoo.23Althoughtheycanchoosewhotheywanttosupport,seeingyourenthusiasmforaparticularplayerorteamcanbejustwhatisneededtostarttheirjourney.Youcouldlookforateamuniformstoretogetthemasportsshirtwiththeirnameonforexample,aswellasseetheteamplayatoneoftheirgames.24Ifsomethingisdull,itwillbehardforchildrentobeenthusiasticaboutit.Thiswillmakethemresent(討厭)it,whichisnotagoodthingforlaterinlife.Iftheyshowparticularskillandlearntoplaysport,thenmorepracticeandtrainingcancomein.25Whentheycanenjoywhattheydo,theywillonlyseeitassomethingfuntodo,ratherthanwhatweasadultsmightseeitas,suchasachoretoburncalories.Whateversportyourchildchoosestoplay,encouragethemandmakeitfun,andthenitwillbesomethingthattheywillwanttocarryondoingastheyg