英語藥理學(xué)題庫

Concepts-

1.Pharmacology

2.Pharmacodynamics

3.Pharmacokinetics

4.FirstPassElimination

5.Phase1and2ofmetabolism

6.Compartmentmodel

7.First-ordereliminationkinetics

8.Steady-stateconcentration

9.Halflife

10.Clearance

11.Bioavailability

12.Sidereaction

13.Toxicreaction

14.Residualeffect

15.Withdrawaleffect

16.Efficacy

17.Therapeuticindex

18.pD2

19.Noncompetitiveantagonist

20.Agonist-nonspecificdesensitization

1.Thelargestporesforaqueousdiffusionarefoundin:

a.capillarymembranes

b.pituitarygland

c.renalglomeruli

d.intestinallumen

2.Highlyionizeddrugstendtoaccumulateinthe:

a.brain

b.fattissue

c.heart

d.urine

3.apatientisgiven600mgofacertaindrugintravenouslyandthe

extrapolatedplasmaconcentrationattimezerois12mg/1.Whatisthe

apparentvolumeofdistribution?

a.201

b.501

c.961

d.1121

4.Theeliminationconstantforaparticulardrugis0.231/min.What

isthehalf-life?

a.2min

b.3min

c.4min

d.5min

5.alkalizationoftheurineenhancestherecoveryfrom

phentobarbitalpoisoning.ThismeansthatPhenobarbitalmustbe:

a.aweakbase

b.aweakacid

c.astrongacid

d.astrongbase

6.whichofthefollowingstatementisnottrue?

a.lipidsolubilitydeceasesrenalexcretion

b.alkalinizationofurinewillincreaseexcretionofweakbase

c.additionofbicarbonatewilldecreasereabsorptionofaweakacid

d.excretionisenhancedbyincreasingpolarity

7.whichofthefollowingisfalse?

a.drugsboundtoproteincanbesecreatedbutnotfilteredbythe

kidneys

b.drugsthatinhibittubularsecretionofanotherdrugwillprolong

thehalf-lifeofthelatterdrug

c.increasingthepHoftheurinewillincreaserenalaxcretionofa

weakacid

d.increasingthepHoftheurinewillincreasetheamountofdrug(a

base)intheionizedform

8.themainsiteofdrugmetabolismisthe

a.liver

b.redbloodcell

c.smallintestine

d.kidney

9.theoxidativemetabolismofmanydrugsismediatedbyenzymes

locatedinthe:

a.mitochondrialfraction

b.lysosomalfraction

c.cellmembranes

d.microsomalfraction

10.whichcytochromeP450isasignificantfactorcontributingto

thepoororalbioavailabilityofmanydrug?

a.CYP3A

b.CYP2D

c.CYP1A2

d.CYP2E1

11.theprimeryalternativetoexcretionofdrugsintheurineis

drugexcretionin:

a.sweat

b.bile

c.milk

d.tears

12.whichprocessisquantitativelythemostsignificantinleading

toaccumulationofacidicorbasicdrugsintheurine?

a.tubularsecreton

b.glomarularfiltration

c.failureofreabsorption

d.pinocytosis

13.whichofthefollowingfactornotlimitsthedrugsfromentering

theCNS:

a.capillariesinthebrainarelesspereabletodrugs

b.capillariesinthebrainaresurroundedbywrappingofglial

cells

c.theCSFisrelativelyvoidofprotein

d.thebrainhasarelativelylowbloodflow

14.theenterohepaticcycledoesnotincludes:

monbileduct

b.superiormesentericvein

c.hepaticartery

d.portalvein

15.whichisnotcorrectforcAMP:

videsenergyforenzymereactionswhichproducebiological

responses

b.isformedbyactivatedadenylylcyclase

c.isactivatedbyphosphodiesterase

d.activatesintracellularproteinkinase

16.steroidscan'tcontrolmetabolicratesby:

a.effectingnuclearchromatin

b.enhancingtranscriptionofmRNA

c.bindingcytoplasmicrecptorproteins

d.stimulationofsecondmessengerpathway

17.themaximaleffectproducedbyadrugisreferredtoasits:

a.potency

b.antagonisticactivity

c.efficacy

d.affinity

18.non-competitiveantagonists:

a.decreasetheapparentaffinityoftheagonistforthereceptors

b.decreasethetotalnumberofeffictivereceptors

c.maybeovercomebyhighdosesoftheagonist

d.increasethemaximaleffectobtainedwithagonist

19.afterdailyadministrationofdrugsat5daysatthesame

dose,theexpectedresponsetothedrugismarkedlydecreasedbecausethe

physiologicstoresofeffectedendogenouscomponentaredepleted.Thisis

anexampleof:

a..metabolictolerance

b.tachyphylaxis

petitvetolerance

d.drugaccumulation

20.themajoradverseeffectofcyclophosphamide,whenusedtotreat

Hodgkin'sdisease,couldbeclassifiedas:

a.desiredexcessiveeffects

b.directedtowardsthehemopoieticsystem

c.drugidiosyncrasy

d.doesindependent

21.whichofthefollowingadverseeffectscouldnotbeconsiderdas

anoverextensionofthepharmacologicalactionsofthedrug?

a.diazepam(valium)induceddrowsiness

b.cyclophosphamideinducedhemopoieticcuppression

c.atropineinduceddrymouth

d.acetaminophen(Tylenol)inducedlivertoxicity

22.whichofthefollowingadverseeffectscouldbeclassifiedas

organdirected:

a.morphineinducednephrotoxicity

b.methotrexateinducedlivertoxicity

c.epinephrineinducedrespiratorydepression

d.aminoglycosideinducedarrhythmias

23.whichofthefollowingadverseeffectsarelikelytobemediated

byTYPEIimmunologicmechanism?

a.penicillininducedshock

b.chymotrypsininducedanaphylaxis

c.primaquineinducedhemolyticanemia

d.cholramphenicolinducedaplasticanemia

24.whichofthefollowingisnotamediatorforanaphylactic

response

a.acetylcholine

b.histamine

staglandins

d.slowreactingsubstanceA(SRSA,leukotrieneC

25.Whichofthefollowingadverseeffectsarelikelytobemediated

byaTYPEIIimmunologicalmechanism?

a.quinidineinducedthrombocytopenia

b.methlydopainducedautoimmunehemolyticanemia

c.penicillininducedhemolyticanemia

d.alloftheabove

26.whichofthefollowingadverseeffectsisnotlikelytobe

mediatedbyTYPEIIIimmunologicmechanism?

a.sulfonamideinducedserumsickness

b.penicillininducedanaphylaxis

c.penicillininducedserumsickness

d.tetanusantitoxininducedserumsickness

27.whichofthefollowingdrugsallergiescantbeclassifiedasa

TYPEIVorDELAYEDHYPERSENSITIVITYresponse?

a.sulfonamideinducedcontactdermatitis

b.poisonivyinducedcontactdermatitis

c.penicillininducedcontactdermatitis

d.sulfonamideinducedagranulocytosis

28.whichofthefollowingacutehemolyticanemiaswouldmostlikely

notbemediatedbyanimmunologicalmechanism?

a.penicillininducedacutehemolyticanemia

b.sufonamideinducedacutehemolyticanemiainaCaucasiangirl

c.alpha-methlydopainducedautoimmunehemolyticanemia

d.sulfonamideinducedacutehemolyticanemiainaBlackmale

29.whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrueregardingtheeffects

ofdrugsonthefetus?

a.adruggivenearlyinpregnancymaycausefetaldeath

b.adruggivenduringpregnancyorganogenesisismostlikelyto

causephysicalmalformations

c.adruggivenlateinpregnancyorduringlabormaycausefetal

morbidityordeath

d.alloftheabove

30.whichofthefollowingagentsisbestrecognizedasaclassical

exampleofadrugwhichcausesteratogenesis?

a.penicillin

b.aspirin

c.diazepam

d.thalidomide

31.whichofthefollowingisnotanexampleofiatrogenicdisease?

A.chroramphenicolinducedaplasticanemia

b.ethanolinducedhepatocellulardisease

c.atropineinduceddrymouth

d.aminoglycosideinducedglomerularnephritis

32.A19yearoldwomanwhoisallergictosulfadrugswasgivenco-

trimoxazoletotreatanaerobicGram-negativeinfectioncausedby

Moraxellacatarrhalis.whichisthemostcommonmanifestationofallergic

responsetoasulfadrugsuchassulfamethoxazolecontainedinco-

trimoxazole?

a.dizziness

b.jaundice

c.lossofhair

d.pruritis

e..vomiting

33.A21yearoldmanisdiagnosedwithNeisseriameningitides.A

disadvantageofgivingPENICILLINGbytheoralroutetothepatientis:

a.absorptionthedrugisverygood

b.expenseoftheoralformulation

c.extentofabsorptionisoftenuncertain

d.penicillinGishighlytoxictothegastricmucosa

34.A45yearoldmanisonmultipledrugtherapy.Whichofthe

followingdrugsismostlikelytoinducemicrosomalenzymes?

a.cimetidine

b.erythromycin

c.ketoconazole

d.phenytoin

35.A59yearoldmanwiththromboembolicdiseaseisbeingtreated

withwarfarin.Whichstatementistrueregardingthesteady-state

concentrationofdrugssuchaswarfarin?

a.fluctuationsarebluntedbyslowabsorption

b.plateaulevelisdirectlyproportionaltovolumeofdistribution

c.steady-stateconcentrationsareusuallyachievedmorerapidlyin

geriatricpatients

d.steady-stateconcentrationsaredirectlyrelatedtoclearance

36.Mostbiologicaleffectsofthiscompoundoccurafteralag

periodof30mins,toseveralhours:

a.acetycholine

b.hydrocortisone

c.insulin

d.nitreoxide(NO)

37.Thereceptorsformostpharmacodynamicagents(excluding

chemotherapeuticagents)arebelievedtoresideinwhichcellular

structure?

a.cytoplasm

b.lysosomes

c.surfacemembrane

d.nucleus

e.mitochondria

38.A49-yearoldmanwithcardiovasculardiseaseisspendingone

yearinamalariainfestedarea.Heistalkingseveraldrugsand

developsanimmunologicalmediatedadverseeffects.Whichdrugismost

likelyresponsibleforanimmunologicalmediatedadverseeffects?

a.alpha-methyldopainducedacutehemolyticanemia

b.atropineinduceddrymouth

c.diazepaminducedsedation

d.primaquineinducedacutehemolyticanemia

39.anewbornchildhasmoderateCrigler-Najjarsyndrometype

II.Thepartialdeficiencyofhepaticmicrosomalenzymeglucuronyl

transferaseactivityinthischildmaycause:

a.adecreaseinserumunconjugatedbilirubinlevels

b.anincreaseintheexcretionofunconjugatedbilirubininbileand

urine

c.increasedclearanceofacetaminophen

d.unresponsivnesstoinductionbyPhenobarbitaltreatment

40.A13yearoldgirl'sseizuredisorderiscontrolledby

phenobarbitaltherapy.WhichPhasellreactionisknowntobeinducedby

Phenobarbital?

a.acetylationreactions

b.gluconideconjugation

c.methylationreactions

d.sulfateconjugation

41.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueregardingdrug

metabolism?

a.conjugationreactionsalwaysincreasesthewatersolubilityofa

drug

b.esterlinkagesareusuallymorerapidlyhydrolyzedthanamide

linkages

c.glucuronidesarenevereliminatedbysecretioninurineorbile

d.sterichindrancearoundafunctionalgroupincreasestheratesof

metabolism

42.An18yearoldisbeingadvisedbyherobstetricianaboutthe

effectsofdrugsonthefetus.Afactorthatcontributestothe

protectionofthefetusfromadverseeffectsofadrugis:

a.acompletebarriertodrugpassagebytheplacenta

b.highlipidsolubilityofthedrug

c.metabolismofthedrugbytheplacenta

d.veryrapiddrugmetabolismbythefetus

43.Anemanciated25yearoldmanwithHIVisbeingtreatedwith

severaldrugs.Therateofpassivediffusionofdrugmoleculesthrough

biologicalmembranesinthispatientisgreaterforcompoundswhichare:

a.insolubleinaqueoussolutions

b.ionized

c.largerinmolecularsize

d.morelipidsoluble

44.Thetherapeuticindexis:

a.bettertherapeutically,atavalueof2thanat10

b.determinedfromgradeddose-responsecurves

c.themedianlethaldosedividedbythemedian-response

d.usedtodeterminetherelativepotencyoftwodrugs

45.A40yearoldmanistakingoralerythromycinforthetreatment

ofLegionnaire,sdisease.Whichfactorwillcontributemostto

absorptionvariabilityday-to-dayinthispatient?

a.dailybileoutput

b.dailyurineoutput

c.metabolismintheliver

d.timethedrugistakenwithrespecttomeals

46.Whichcharacteristicistruefortheactivetransportbutnot

forthefacilitateddiffusionofadrugacrossbiologicalmembranes?

a.exhibitssaturabilityathighdrugconcentrations

b.requiresmetabolicenergy

c.siteofdrug-druginteraction

d.showsstereospecificity

47.Weaklyacidicdrugssuchasbarbituratesorsalicylates:

a.aresolelyabsorbedinthestomach

b.haveareducedrateofrenalexcretionduringmetabolicor

respiratoryacidosis

c.haveincreasedplasmaproteinbindingduringsevereinflammation

d.mustbemetabolizedpiortoenteringthebrain

48.Whichdrugisprobablythemostsafetousein33-year-oldwoman

whoisinherfirsttrimesterofpregnancy?

a.cyclophosphamide

b.folicacid

c.isotretinion

d.thalidomide

49.Nitroglycerinisanorganicnitrateusedinthemanagementof

anginapectoris.Itisconvertedtonitricoxide(NO),areactivefree

radical,whichisknowntoactivate:

a.adenylylcyclase

b.beta-arrestin

c.guanylylcyclase

d.phospholipaseC

50.Therenalclearanceofadrugisfavoredifthedrug:

a.hasahighdegreeofbindingtoplasmaprotein

b.hashighlipidsolubility

c.hashighwatersolubility

d.isacetylated

51.Whichproteinservesasanimportantplasmabindingsitefor

somedrugsthatareweakorganicbasesanditsconcentrationinplasma

increasesduringacuteinflammation?

a.aibumin

b.immunoglobulin

c.orosomucoid

d.steroidbindinghormone

52.Whichagentismostfavoredforexcretioninacidurine(pH

4)comparedtoalkalineurine(pH8)?

a.acetylsalicylic(acid,pKa3.5)

b.codeine(base,pKa7.9)

c.diazepam(base,pKa3.3)

d.phenytoin(acid,pKa8.3)

53.Theplasmahalf-lifeofsalicylateincreasesastheoraldoseof

sodiumsalicylateIincreasedbecauseof:

a.adecreaseinthefractionabsorbedfromGItract

b.alimitedcapacityforbiotransformationofsalicylate

c.alimitedcapacityforexcretionofsalicylate

d.decreasedvolumeofdistributionofsalicylate

54.Afirst-orderdeclineindrugconcentrationinthebloodmeans

that:

a.aconstantamountofdrugiseliminatedeachhour

b.drugconcentrationplottedagainsttimeisastraightline

c.logdrugconcentrationversustimeplotgivesastraightline

d.thebiologicalsystemissaturated

55.Clearanceofdrugsbywhichprocessmaybeenhancedbyplasma

proteinbinding:

a.biliarysecretion

b.exhalation

c.gastrointestinaldiffusion

d.livermetabolism

56.A4-yearoldboyisgivenchloramphenicolforthetreatmentof

bacterialmeningitis.Theglucuronideconjugateofchloramphenicolis:

a.formedfromtheinactiveintermediateglucuronylCoA

b.knowtocauseaplasticanemia

c.pharmacologicallyactive

d.predominantlyintheionizedformatphysiologicalpH

57.Drugglucuronideswhichundergoenterohepaticrecirculation

couldbeexpectedtobeeliminatedmorerapidlythannormalina

patoientwith:

a.congestiveheartfailure

b.diminishedintestinalflorafromantibiotictherapy

c.gastrointestinalrefluxdisease

d.hypertension

58.Theactionsofwhichofthefollowingismediatedviageneration

ofcyclicAMP

a.acetylcholine(m1-muscarinicreceptors)

b.glucagons

c.hydrocortisone

d.insulin

59.A21-yearoldpatientwithdiabetesmellitustypeIisbeing

treatedwithinsulinwhichexertsitsactionviaa(n):

a.cyclicAMPsignal

b.1igand-regulatedproteintyrosinekinase

c.nitricoxidesignal

d.polyphosphoinositidesignal

60.Whichofthefollowingagentsexertsitsactionviathe

synthesisofspecificproteinsthroughenhancedgeneexpression?

a.acetylcholine

b.isoproterenol

c.verapamil

d.vitaminD

61.A96-yearoldwomanwhoisbeingtreatedwithseveraldrug

experiencesanintensifiedresponsetooneofthedrugs.Thiseffectis

unlikelyrelatedtoadecreasein:

a.albumin

b.bloodflow

c.gastricpH

d.kidneyfunction

62.Whichofthefollowingtermsdescribesadrugthatbindstoa

receptorbutdoesnotproduceanydirectpharmacologicalresponse?

a.agonist

b.antagonist

c.inverseagonist

d.partialagonist

63.Whichofty=hefollowingpharmacologicalagentsexertsthe

statedresponseviaasurfaceboundreceptor?

a.antiproliferationeffectsofmethotrexate

b.bactericidaleffectsofpenicillin

c.bacteriostaticeffectsofsulfonamides

d.isoproterenolinducedcardiacacceleration

64.A67-yearoldmandevelopedacutehemolyticanemiaafterbeing

treatedforhypertensionwithmethyldopa.Methyldopa-inducedacute

hemolyticanemiaisconsideredtobemediatedbya(n):

a.enzymedeficiency

b.typeIhypersensitivityreaction

c.typeIIhypersensitivityreaction

d.typeIIIhypersensitivityreaction

65.Whichofthefollowingmodesofmembranepassageisresponsible

forthebiliaryexcretionofdrugs?

a.activetransport

b.facilitateddiffusion

c.filtration

d.pinocytosis

66.Decreasedresponsestosuccessiveequaldosesofadruggivento

atestsubjectduring

ashortperiodoftimeismostaccuratelydefinedas:

a.anaphylaxis

b.antagonism

c.supersensitivity

d.tachyphylaxis

67.Whichofthefollowingisagoodindicatorofsafetyfora

therapeuticagent?

a.hightherapeuticindex

b.lowpotency

c.lowtherapeuticindex

d.rapidmetabolism

68.Whichofthefollowingdruglinkedmechanismislikely

responsibleforatypeIIIallergicreactionina31-yearoldmanwhois

beingtreatedforTrepanomapallidum?

a.penicillin-inducedacutehemolyticanemia

b.penicillin-inducedanaphylaxis

c.penicillin-inducedcontactsensitivity

d.penicillin-inducedserumsickness

69.Whichofthefollowingisthebestexampleofpharmacokinetic

tolerance?

a.decreasedanticoagulanteffectofwarfarininepilepticstreated

withphenytoin

b.naloxonereversalofmorphineinducedrespiratorydepression

c.reducedsedationwithdailybenzodiazepinetreatment

d.staphycoccalresistancetopenicillin

70.plasmaproteinbindingofdrugs:

a.decreasesthedoserequired

b.decreasesthehalf-lifeofthedrug

c.decreasesvolumeofdistribution

d.increaseingeriatricpatients

71.Whichofthefollowingadverseeffectsisconsideredtobean

idiosyncraticreaction?

a.atropineinduceddrymouth

b.isoniazid-inducedseizures

c.methyldopa-inducedhemolyticanemia

d?primaquine-inducedacut

ehemolyticanemia

72.Growthfactorsandinsulinexerttheirsignalingeefectsvia:

a.calciumchannels

b.G-proteins

c.phosphatases

teintyrosinekinases

73.A36-yearoldwomanisbeingtreatedforaurinarytract

infection(UTI).Whatclassofmetabolitesantimicrobialdrugsismost

likelytoprecipitateintubularurine?

a.acetylationconjugates

b.glucuronides

c.glutathioneconjugates

d.glycineconjugates

74.Whichofthefollowingdrugsmediatetheirpharmacological

responsesviaintracellularreceptorsthatregulategeneexpression?

a.beta-blockers

b.calciumchannelblockers

c.corticosteriods

d.penicillins

75.Whichofthefollowingagentsisadministeredbyinjectionfor

treatmentofsystemicinfections?

A.Doxycycline

B.Gentamicin

C.Isoniazid

D.Linezolid

76.Whichofthefollowingdrugswillreadilypenetratetheblood-

brainbarriermakingthemusefulintreatinginfectionsofCNS?

A.Ampicillin,Sulfadiazine

B.Gentamicin,Sulfadiazine

C.Gentamicin,Chloramphenicol

D.Sulfadiazine,Chloramphenicol

77.Whichofthefollowingdrugscanbegiventopatientswithrenal

dysfunctionatthesamemaintencedosethatisusedinpatientswith

normalrenalfunction?

A.Chloramphenicol,Streptomycin

B.Erythromycin,Chloramphenicol

C.Streptomycin,Gentamicin

D.Erythromycin,Gentamicin

78.Whichofthefollowingagentshavesystemicactionsterminated

primarilybyglomerularfiltration?

A.Streptomycin,Penicillin

B.Erythromycin,Penicillin

C.Tetracyclines,Streptomycin

D.Erythromycin,Tetracyclines

79.Renalexcretionisslowedbyconcomitantadministrationof

probenecid:

A.Penicillin

B.Aminoglycosides

C.Both

D.Neither

80.Dosemustbeadjustedinpatientswithrenalfailure:

A.Gentamicin,Tetracycline

B.Chloramphenicol,Clindamycin

C.Tetramycine,Gentamycin

D.Clindamycin,Gentamicin

81.Inactivatedbyacetylation:

A.Suladiazine,Chloramphenicol

B.Isoniazid,Sulfadiazine

C.Gentamicin,Isoniazid

D.Chioramphenico1,Gentamicin

82.A43-year-oldmanwithstaphylococcalsepticemiawhoisallergic

toampicillinandcephalothinandwhoseorganismsareresistantto

erythromycincouldbetratedwith:

A.Cefixime

B.Vancomycin

C.Tetracycline

D.Clarithromycin

83.Whichofthefollowingdrugshasthebestchemotherapeuticindex?

A.Ampicillin

B.Ciprofloxac

C.Cyclophosphamide

D.Amikacin

84.A36-year-oldmanhasacquiredaninfectionthatwasfoundtobe

resistanttoanantibioticbecauseofareplacementofterminalD-Alaby

D-lactateatthedrug-bindingsite.Thisbacteriawillberesistantto

whichofthefollowingdrugs?

A.Ciprofloxacin

B.Erythromycin

C.Vancomycin

D.PenicillinG

85.Sulfonamides(mainmechanismbywhichsystemicactionis

terminated):

a.acidificationoftheurine

b.glomerularfiltration

c.metabolismintheliver

d.secretionofbile

86.Competitiveinhibitionisthoughttobethemechanismbywhich

procaineinterfereswithchemotherapeuticeffectof

a.ampicillin

b.chloramphenicol

c.sulfamethoxazole

d.ciprofloxacin

87.Whichofthefollowingagentswould