動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)二 講義 2022屆高考英語語法 教師用

PAGE12022屆英語語法精講精練微專題（動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)二）教師版考點(diǎn)清單五、一般過去時(shí)要點(diǎn)精講1：一般過去時(shí)多表示過去已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，并有明確的時(shí)間狀語，如yesterday,lastweek,in1980等。例1：Tomdidn'tcometoclassyesterday.例2：Oh,John.IneverthoughtImetyouhere.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceit_____________(come)onthemarketin1973.2.(2013·安徽)I’mcallingabouttheapartmentyou_____________(advertise)theotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?3.(2013·福建)Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,_____________(invite)toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.4.(2017·江蘇)ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,which_____________(be)bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens’statusasaleadingnovelist.【答案與解析】1.came。從句有明顯時(shí)間狀語in1973，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故答案是came。2.advertised。從句有明顯時(shí)間狀語theotherday，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故答案是advertised。3.wasinvited。句子有明顯時(shí)間狀語attheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故答案是wasinvited。4.was。結(jié)合語境這里描述過去的行為，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故答案是was。要點(diǎn)精講2：一般過去時(shí)表示過去的習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與often，usually，seldom等頻度副詞連用。例3：WhenIwasinthecountryside,Ioftencalledonmyoldfriendsthere.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。5.(2015﹒湖南)Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,but_____________(hold)backthankfullybytheshopwindow.6.Thethreeofus_____________(travel)aroundEuropeforaboutamonthlastsummer.【答案與解析】5.washeld。holdback表示“阻止，隱瞞”，結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故答案是washeld。6.travelled。本句是易錯(cuò)題，句子雖然有時(shí)間狀語foraboutamonth，但結(jié)合語境這里表示過去某段時(shí)間一直發(fā)生的事情。故答案是travelled。要點(diǎn)精講3：一般過去時(shí)用于虛擬語氣特定句型，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，如Iwish….,Ifonly….,Iwouldratherthat….,Itistimethat….及if虛擬條件句等。例4：Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.例5：Itishightimethatwehadourlunch.例6：IwishIwereabird,flyingfreelyinthesky.例7：IfonlyIknewhowtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.例8：IfIwereyou,Iwouldtrymybesttograspthechance.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。7.Sorry,I’mtoobusynow.IfI_____________(have)time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.8.HowIwisheveryfamily_____________(have)alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!9.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit_____________(break).10.Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathe_____________(do)somethinginsteadofjusttalking.【答案與解析】7.had。語境暗示從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故答案是had。8.had。結(jié)合語境從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，故應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故答案是had。9.werebroken。itlookasif…表示“看起來好像……”，從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故答案是werebroken。10.did/shoulddo。Itishigh/abouttimethat..后面常用did或shoulddo,should不能省，意為“早該……”。故答案是did/shoulddo?？键c(diǎn)清單六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)要點(diǎn)精講1：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常有明確的時(shí)間狀語暗示，如at7:00lastnight等。例9：Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.例10：ShewasplayingthepianowhileIwasreadingthenewspaper.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。11.Hermother_____________(cook)inthekitchenatthistimeyesterday.【答案與解析】11.wascooking。時(shí)間狀語atthistimeyesterday表明過去某時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故答案是wascooking。要點(diǎn)精講2：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)還可以表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)頻繁發(fā)生或一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例11：Weweretalkingaboutyouthewholemorning.例12：HewaswatchingTVathomefrom3:00to5:00yesterdayafternoon.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。12.Wewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit_____________(decorate).13.(2014﹒四川)She_____________(phone)someone,soInoddedtoherandwentaway.【答案與解析】12.wasbeingdecorated。結(jié)合語境表示該段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作裝修圖書館。故答案是wasbeingdecorated。13.wasphoning。結(jié)合語境“她正在給別人打電話，我對(duì)她點(diǎn)頭走開了。”故答案是wasphoning。要點(diǎn)精講3：go,come,leave等瞬間動(dòng)詞的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例13：ShesaidshewasleavingforNewYorkthenextmonth.要點(diǎn)精講4：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)用于as,when,while等狀語從句，表示另一動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景。例14：Itwassnowingasthemedicalteammadeitswaytothefront.例15：Tomslippedintothehousewhennoonewaslooking.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。14.Jim_____________(watch)alatenightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.15.I_____________(clean)thestreetsinourneighborhoodthistimeyesterdaywhenyoucalledme.【答案與解析】14.waswatching。結(jié)合語境這是wasdoing…when…句式。故答案是waswatching。15.wascleaning。結(jié)合語境這是wasdoing…when…句式。故答案是wascleaning。要點(diǎn)精講5：always,forever,continually,constantly頻度副詞與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用表示贊揚(yáng)，抱怨等感情色彩。例16：Thegirlwasalwayschanginghermind.例17：Inthepasthewasconstantlyaskingmeformoney.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。16.Duringtheperiodofrecentterroristactivities,people_____________(alwayswarn)nottotouchanyunattendedbag.17.(2015﹒湖南)HemusthavesensedthatI_____________(look)athim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly,"Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat?"18.(2016·北京)Jack_____________(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.【答案與解析】16.werealwaysbeingwarned。always與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，表示過去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（被頻繁提醒）；又是被動(dòng)含義。故答案是werealwaysbeingwarned。17.waslooking。結(jié)合語境判斷這里表示當(dāng)時(shí)在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故答案是waslooking。18.wasworking。這是wasdoing…when…句式。是故答案是wasworking。考點(diǎn)清單七、過去完成時(shí)要點(diǎn)精講1：過去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時(shí)間之前或過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成。句中常用by,bytheendof,bethetime…引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語或以before,until,when,than等詞引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)含一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語從句。概括為：過去的過去。例18：By5:00yesterdaymorningwehaddonethatwork.例19：Ihadlearnt5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。19.(2014·山東)Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime-consumingthanwe_____________(expect).20.(2015·安徽)JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedI_____________(leave)mybankinthecafe.21.(2016·浙江)Silk____________(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.22.(2017·北京卷)Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones__________(notinvent)yet.【答案與解析】19.hadexpected。結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”。故答案是hadexpected。20.hadleft。結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”。故答案是hadleft。21.hadbecome。byabout100BC是解答本題關(guān)鍵，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故答案是hadbecome。22.hadn’tbeeninvented。結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”；又是被動(dòng)含義。故答案是hadn’tbeeninvented。要點(diǎn)精講2：intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)可以用來表示一個(gè)本來打算做而未做的事。例20：Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldn'tgethereintime.例21：Ihadintendedtocallonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。23.I_____________(plan)tohelpyoubutcouldn’tgethereintime.【答案與解析】23.hadend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)可以用來表示一個(gè)本來打算做而未做的事。故答案是hadplanned。要點(diǎn)精講3：在Itwasthefirst/second/third…timethat…句型中，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句要用過去完成時(shí)。例22：Thiswasthefirsttimetheyhadmetinthirty-nineyears.例23：Itwasthefourthtimeshehadshoppedonlineforhours.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。24.Therewasaknockonthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeone_____________(interrupt)methatevening.25.Thatwasthefirsttimeshe_____________(leave)aloneathomeduringtheweekends,boredtodeath.【答案與解析】24.hadinterrupted。在Itwasthefirst/second/third…timethat…句型中，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句要用過去完成時(shí)。故答案是hadinterrupted。25.hadleft。在It/Thatwasthefirst/second/third…timethat…句型中，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句要用過去完成時(shí)。故答案是hadleft。要點(diǎn)精講3：在hardly/scarcely…when…和nosooner…than…句型中，主句常用過去完成時(shí)。例24：Shehardlyhadgonetobedwhenthebellrang.例25：Nosoonerhadtheyleftthebuildingthanabombexploded.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。26.She________nosooner_________(get)totheofficethanshegotdowntowritingthereport.27.HardlyhadIarrivedhomewhenthetelephone_____________(ring).【答案與解析】26.had;got。在hardly/scarcely…when…和nosooner…than…句型中，主句常用過去完成時(shí)。故答案是had;got。27.rang。在hardly/scarcely…when…和nosooner…than…句型中，主句常用過去完成時(shí)，從句仍用一般過去時(shí)。故答案是rang。要點(diǎn)精講4：過去完成時(shí)用于虛擬語氣特定句型，表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，如Iwish….,Ifonly….,Iwouldratherthat….及if虛擬條件句等。例26：IwishthatIhadseenheryesterday.例27：Ifeltasthoughwehadknowneachotherforyears.例28：IfonlyIhadknownherearlier!例29：IwouldratherIhadn'tseenthatfilmyesterday.例30：Ifithadnotrainedthismorning,Ishouldhavegoneshopping.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。28.(2018·天津)Ifwe_____________(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeach.29.HowIwishI_____________(buy)thatskirtwhenitwasavailable!Ugh!Iregretiteverytime.30.(2015·北京)—DidyouhavedifficultyfindingAnn'house?—Notreally.She_____________(give)uscleardirectionsandwewereabletofinditeasily.【答案與解析】28.hadcaught。這時(shí)if虛擬條件句，從句與過去事實(shí)相反應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故答案是hadcaught。29.hadbought。Iwishthat….從句與過去事實(shí)相反應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故答案是hadbought。30.hadgiven。結(jié)合語境“給我們清楚指導(dǎo)”發(fā)生在前，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故答案是hadgiven。考點(diǎn)清單八、過去將來時(shí)要點(diǎn)精講1：一般過去將來時(shí)是由“should/would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，表示從過去的某一時(shí)間來看將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，多用于主從復(fù)合句中。例31：Hesaidtheywouldarrangeaparty.例32：HeaskedmeyesterdaywhenIshouldleaveforParis.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。31.Didyoupredictthatmanystudents_____________(sign)upforthedancecompetition?【答案與解析】31.wouldsign。Didyoupredict是解答本題的關(guān)鍵，暗示應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)。故答案是wouldsign。要點(diǎn)精講2：用于was/wereabouttodo…when…句型，表示：正要……這時(shí)發(fā)生另一件事。was/weretodo也可以用于過去將來時(shí)。例33：Iwasabouttostartwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.32.Hewasabouttogotobed________therewasaknockonthedoor.33.Whenhe_____________(open)thedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.34.(2015·陜西)Atcollege,BarackObamadidn’tknowthathe_____________(become)thefirstblackpresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.wastobecome【答案與解析】32.when。這是was/wereabouttodosth.when...句型。故答案是when。33.wastoopen。結(jié)合語境這里應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)表示從當(dāng)時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作“將要開門”。故答案是wastoopen。34.wastobecome。結(jié)合語境這里應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)表示從當(dāng)時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作“將要成為美國第一位黑人總統(tǒng)”。故答案是wastobecome。要點(diǎn)精講3：過去將來時(shí)用于虛擬語氣特定句型，表示與將來事實(shí)相反的情況，如Iwish….,Ifonly….,Iwouldratherthat….及if虛擬條件句等。例34：Iwishhewouldgowithmetothecinematonight.例35：IfIhadachancetostudyabroad,IwouldstudyatCambridgeUniversity.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。35.IfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbefore,he________(be)abletospeakitmuchbetternow.【答案與解析】35.wouldbe。本句是虛擬語氣含蓄條件句，now說明主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用woulddo。故答案是wouldbe。好題再練（一）高考真題【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.(2021·全國甲卷)TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It__________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).2.(2021·全國甲卷)We__________(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.3.(2021·新高考全國卷)Whatcomesnextistheendlessseriesofsteps.Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit__________(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.4.(2020·全國I卷)TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測(cè)器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess__________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.5.(2020·新課標(biāo)I卷)“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit__________(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon__________(construct).”6.(2020·全國III卷)Theartistwassurehewould__________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.7.(2020·山東卷)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,________(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.8.(2020·浙江卷)Byabout6000BC,people_________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.9.(2020·江蘇卷)InsteadofgettingdowntoanewtaskasI__________(expect),heexaminedthepreviousworkagain.10.(2019·全國II卷)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene_______(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.【答案】1.wasbuilt2.hired3.was4.touched5.means;isconstructed6.bechosen7.formed8.haddiscovered9.hadexpected10.declared好題再練（二）高考真題【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。11.(2019·全國III卷)Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand____________(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.Forbreakfast,wewereabletoeatpapaya(木瓜)andotherfruitsfromtheirtreesinthebackyard.12.(2019·天津卷)I_________(hope)tosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage，butIcouldn'tmanageit.13.(2019·江蘇卷)AfewmonthsafterhehadarrivedinChina,Mr.Smith___________(fall)inlovewiththepeopleandculturethere.14.(2018北京卷)Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey___________(drive)afewmorekilometers.15.(2018·江蘇卷)I

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pasttwoyears.16.(2018·北京卷)Susanhadquitherwell-paidjoband_________(work)asavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.17.(2017北京卷)Ifthenewsafetysystem______________(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.18.(2018·北京卷)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho_________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.19.(2017·天津卷)I________(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenl