2019年高考英語(yǔ)試卷（新課標(biāo)Ⅰ）

2019年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（全國(guó)I卷）英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng):1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.Inaclassroom. B.Inahospital. C.Inamuseum.【答案】B【解析】【詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。2.WhatdoesJackwanttodo?A.Takefitnessclasses.B.Buyapairofgymshoes.C.Changehisworkschedule.【答案】A【解析】【詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Whattodrink. B.Wheretomeet. C.Whentoleave.【答案】B【解析】【詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。4.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleges. B.Classmates. C.Strangers.【答案】C【解析】【詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。5.WhyisEmilymentionedintheconversation?A.Shemightwantaticket.B.Sheislookingfortheman.C.Shehasanextraticket.【答案】A【解析】【詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。第二節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.HowlongdidJamesrunhisbusiness？A.10years. B.13years. C.15years.7.HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutJames'situation？A.Embarrassed. B.Concerned. C.Disappointed.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。【6題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.WhathasKate'smotherdecidedtodo？A.Returntoschool. B.Changeherjob. C.Retirefromwork.9.WhatdidKate'smotherstudyatcollege？A.Oilpainting. B.Arthistory. C.Businessadministration.10.WhatisKate'sattitudetowardhermother'sdecision?A.Disapproving. B.Ambiguous. C.Understanding.【答案】8.A9.C10.C【解析】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。【8題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?題詳解】此聽(tīng)力題，解析略。【10題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。11.Whatisthemandoing？A.Chairingameeting.B.Hostingaradioprogram.C.Conductingajobinterview.12.WhatbenefitsMarymostinherjob？A.Herwidereading. B.Herleaders'guidance. C.Herfriends'help13.WhowillMarytalkaboutnext？A.Herteacher. B.Herfather C.Hermother.【答案】11.B12.A13.C【解析】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?1題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。【12題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?3題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。14.Whydoesthemanseldomdoexercise？A.Helacksmotivation.B.Hehasaheartproblem.C.Heworksallthetime.15.WhatdoesJacobSattelmairprobablydo？A.He'sanathlete. B.He'saresearcher. C.He'sajournalist.16.Whydoesthewomanspeakofastudy？A.Toencouragetheman.B.Toremendanexercise.C.Tosupportherfindings.17.Howmuchtimewillthemanprobablyspendexercisingweekly？A.300minutes. B.150minute. C.75minutes.【答案】14.A15.B16.A17.C【解析】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。【14題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?5題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?6題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?7題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。18.Whatdidthescientistsdototheroad？A.Theyrepairedit. B.Theypaintedit. C.Theyblockedit19.Whyareyoungbirdsdrawntotheroadsurface？A.It'swarm. B.It'sbrown. C.It'ssmooth.20.Whatisthepurposeofthescientists'experiment？A.Tokeepthebirdsthereforawholeyear.B.Tohelpstudentsstudythebirdswell.C.Topreventthebirdsfrombeingkilled.【答案】18.B19.A20.C【解析】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?8題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。【19題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?0題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ANeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合條件)forthisprogram.Whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth1518yearsoldinselectmunities(社區(qū)).SummerpanySummerpanyprovidesstudentswithhandsonbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged1529,returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities(機(jī)會(huì))ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandmunitygroups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.21.WhatisspecialaboutSummerpany?A.Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.22.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.1518. B.1524. C.1529. D.1617.23.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A.JobsforYouth. B.Summerpany.C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram. D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.【答案】21.B22.D23.D【解析】本文為應(yīng)用文。本文敘述了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了許多項(xiàng)目來(lái)幫助學(xué)生暑期在找到工作?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Summerpany部分中的“Summerpanyprovidesstudentswith...awardsofupto＄3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses”可知“Summerpany為學(xué)生提供高達(dá)3000美元的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，來(lái)開(kāi)始和經(jīng)營(yíng)他們自己的暑期業(yè)務(wù)”。“startandruntheirownsummerbusinesses”即“為開(kāi)辦新的業(yè)務(wù)”，這對(duì)應(yīng)B項(xiàng)中的“runnnewbusinesses”，二者是詞義之間的轉(zhuǎn)述關(guān)系。故選B?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)StewardshipYouthRangerProgram部分中的第二段“Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.”可知“符合條件的學(xué)生：16歲或17歲的學(xué)生，但在今年12月31日之前未滿18歲”。由此得出，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目要求年齡在1617歲之間。分析選項(xiàng)可知D項(xiàng)符合題意，故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SummerEmploymentOpportunities部分中的最后一段最后一句“Whoiseligible:...Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability”,可知SummerEmploymentOpportunities有些職位是給殘疾人的。分析選項(xiàng)可知，D項(xiàng)符合題意，故選D。BForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.，todayisspeechday,andrightnowit’sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8yearoldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemsliketheofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe’s,nervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“l(fā)d,”a.pronunciationdifficultyformanynonnativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“…Votefor…me…”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstaredlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls(回想起)howatthebeginningoftheyear，whencalledupontoread，Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent，”Whaleyexplains，“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage，tofeelconfidentenoughtosay，‘Idon’tknow，butIwanttoknow.’”Whaleygottheideaofthissecondgradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”24.WhatmadeChrisnervous？A.Tellingastory. B.Makingaspeech.C.Takingatest. D.Answeringaquestion.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses. B.Badmanners. C.Spellingmistakes. D.Sillyjokes.26.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto_________.A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB.assessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD.inspirestudents’loveforpolitics27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A.Humorous. B.Ambitious. C.Caring. D.Demanding.【答案】24.B25.A26.A27.C【解析】本文屬于記敘文，講述ThomasWhaley為了幫助學(xué)生學(xué)英語(yǔ)以及樹(shù)立信心專門(mén)開(kāi)展了一個(gè)演講課程?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段todayisspeechday和本段最后一句withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkidswhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.以及第二段第一句Buthe’snervous.可知，Chris眼睛黑亮，似乎是那種喜歡公共演講的孩子，但是他卻很緊張，故可知Chris是因?yàn)樽鲅葜v緊張，故選B?！?5題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“l(fā)d”,apronunciationdifficultyformanynonnativeEnglishspeakers.以及后文exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell可知,Chris發(fā)ld比較困難，這對(duì)于英語(yǔ)不是母語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)者來(lái)說(shuō)都是一個(gè)困難，總體來(lái)說(shuō)Chris做得出奇的好。根據(jù)前文可知，ld發(fā)音不準(zhǔn)，因此有些結(jié)巴，停頓得不準(zhǔn)，故選A?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves.以及最后一段“boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays,“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”可知，這個(gè)課程不僅僅教孩子閱讀以及公共演講，還要讓孩子學(xué)會(huì)夸耀自己，而夸耀自己對(duì)于那些進(jìn)入教室沒(méi)有信心的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)很困難，故可知，Whaley老師這么做是為了幫助學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)增加信心，故選A?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Whaleygottheideaofthissecondgradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.和最后一段Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves可知，當(dāng)他有一天問(wèn)學(xué)生認(rèn)為自己當(dāng)不了總統(tǒng)請(qǐng)舉手的時(shí)候，想到了一個(gè)想法，這個(gè)課程就是幫助學(xué)生樹(shù)立自己的信心，故可以看出這位老師很關(guān)心學(xué)生的成長(zhǎng)。humorous幽默的，ambitious有雄心壯志的；caring關(guān)心的；demanding要求高的。故選C。CAsdataandidentitytheftbeesmoreandmoremon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測(cè)量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivateespaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhaveeupwithalowcostdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節(jié)奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstotheputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtomercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plasticlikeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.28.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys. B.ToimproveaccuracyintypingC.Toreplacethepasswordsystem. D.Tocutthecostofespaceprotection.29.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible？A.putersaremucheasiertooperate.B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.30.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard？all1osoisgitieocooll.A.It'llbeenvironmentfriendly. B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.C.It'llbemadeofplastics. D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.【答案】28.D29.C30.B31.D【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。數(shù)據(jù)和身份盜竊變得越來(lái)越普遍，目前，向指紋掃描等這些技術(shù)仍然是昂貴的。本文介紹了一種新的科技——智能鍵盤(pán)，它能給espace用戶帶來(lái)安全，而且這項(xiàng)技術(shù)也不貴?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.和第二段的ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhaveeupwithalowcostdevicethatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.可知，研究者們開(kāi)發(fā)智能鍵盤(pán)是為了降低espace保護(hù)的成本。故選D?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus，thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities可知，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人的打字方式不同，使智能鍵盤(pán)能夠識(shí)別人的身份。故選C?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.可知，研究者們希望智能鍵盤(pán)能早日面世。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。本文介紹了一種新的科技——智能鍵盤(pán)，它能給espace用戶帶來(lái)安全，由此可知，本文是關(guān)于科技，結(jié)合所給選項(xiàng)可知，本文可能來(lái)自于一本雜志。故選D。DDuringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小學(xué)),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawellexploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’playswellwithothersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jumpstartinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(從事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(調(diào)查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwelllikedteenshadbeemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydatesharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.32.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A.Unkind. B.Lonely. C.Generous. D.Cool.33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？A.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior34.WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.D.Theyperformedwellacademically.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNiceYouWon’tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBeerC.BetheBestYouCanMakeItD.MoreSelfControl,LessAggressiveness【答案】32.C33.A34.B35.A【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講到研究表明，對(duì)別人好，討人喜歡對(duì)人生活的各個(gè)方面有深遠(yuǎn)的有益影響?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus（在美好的小學(xué)時(shí)光里，我喜歡分享我的娃娃和笑話，這讓我保持了高高的社會(huì)地位。）由此推斷出，作者在小學(xué)早期時(shí)，是一個(gè)慷慨的女孩。unkind不友善的；lonely寂寞的；generous慷慨的；cool冷靜的，故選C?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。第二段MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.（臨床心理學(xué)教授MitchPrinstein將受歡迎的人分為兩類:討人喜歡的人和追求地位的人。）是段落主題句，本段內(nèi)容分別對(duì)thelikable和thestatusseekers做了解釋，所以本段主要介紹了兩種受歡迎的分類，故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment（它清楚地表明，可愛(ài)可以促使健全的調(diào)整），由此推斷出，心理學(xué)教授MitchPrinstein的研究表明，最有人望的孩子適應(yīng)性更強(qiáng)，故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通過(guò)閱讀全文內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一段，可知這篇文章主要講了受歡迎，討人喜歡對(duì)人生活的各個(gè)方面有深遠(yuǎn)的有益影響。與選項(xiàng)A“對(duì)別人好——最終，你的收獲無(wú)窮無(wú)盡”一致，故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair.”____36____Accordingtorecentstudies，theanswerisabigYES，iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.___37___Iftheairyou’rebreathingiscleanwhichitwouldbeifyou’reawayfromthesmogofcitiesthentheairisfilledwithlifegiving，energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors，yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply，allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.Recently，peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing(治愈)._____38_____Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen，growingthingscanreducestress，lowerbloodpressure，andputpeopleintoabettermood(情緒).Greeneryisgoodforus.HospitalpatientsWhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.______39______Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.___40___Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveisbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat'splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthofVitaminD.A.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociateairwithhealthcare.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.【答案】36.E37.A38.G39.C40.D【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了新鮮空氣的好處：新鮮空氣中的氧氣，陽(yáng)光對(duì)人們的身心健康均有好處。人們已經(jīng)開(kāi)始利用大自然和治愈疾病的關(guān)系，建造“康復(fù)花園”，治療病人了?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下一句中的“theanswerisabigYES”可知，該空應(yīng)該是一個(gè)一般疑問(wèn)句，選項(xiàng)中只有E選項(xiàng)是一般疑問(wèn)句。故選E：但是新鮮空氣真得像你母親說(shuō)的那樣對(duì)你有好處嗎？空前的peopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair”和選項(xiàng)中的“yourmotheralwayssaid”亦是呼應(yīng)。【37題詳解】根據(jù)下一句中提到的“Iftheairyou’rebreathingisclean…theairisfilledwithlifegiving,energizingoxygen”可知，新鮮空氣充滿賦予人生命的，充滿活力的氧氣。下文中“…breathemoredeeply,allowingmoreoxygentogettoyourmusclesandyourbrain”是對(duì)前文的遞進(jìn)：在戶外，更多的氧氣進(jìn)入你的肌肉和大腦。根據(jù)前面的分析可以推知，該空應(yīng)該提到新鮮空氣的基本作用，根據(jù)常識(shí)，我們知道吸入的空氣首先進(jìn)入的是肺部，然后才會(huì)使我們的肌肉和大腦受益，故該空應(yīng)選A選項(xiàng)：新鮮空氣清潔我們的肺部?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下一句中提到的“theseplaces”可以推知，該空應(yīng)該提到表示地點(diǎn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。選項(xiàng)中只有G選項(xiàng)提到該類名詞，故選項(xiàng)G：在全國(guó)，康復(fù)中心已經(jīng)開(kāi)始建造“康復(fù)花園”。theseplaces就是指HealingGardens?！?9題詳解】前文介紹的是“康復(fù)花園”中的綠色植物對(duì)于病人康復(fù)的好的作用：綠色的正在成長(zhǎng)的植物可以減輕壓力，降低血壓，使人情緒良好。空后提到“它給我們一種平和感”。該空起承上啟下的作用，仍然要提到處于“康復(fù)花園”這種自然環(huán)境中的好處，空后的it也要指代這種情況。故C選項(xiàng)切題：身處大自然可以使人精神煥發(fā)。【40題詳解】根據(jù)下文中提到的“thesun’srays…giveusbeneficialVitaminD”可知，該段介紹的陽(yáng)光的好處。故該選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該提到陽(yáng)光。選項(xiàng)中只有D選項(xiàng)涉及陽(yáng)光。故選D：獲得新鮮空氣的另一個(gè)好處是陽(yáng)光。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.They___41___withthemlotsofwaste.The___42___mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciers(冰川)aredisappearing,changingthe___43___ofKilimanjaro.Hearingthesestories,I’m___44___abouttheplace—otherdestinationsaredescribedas“purer”naturalexperiences.However,Isoon___45___thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof___46___amongtonsofrubbish.Ifinda___47___mountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.Theenvironmentalchallengesare___48___buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe___49___.ThebestofaKilimanjaro___50___,inmyopinion,isn’treachingthetop.Mountainsare___51___asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This___52___isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroas___53___gothroughfiveecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))inthespaceofafewkilometers.Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters,___54___landsoflowgrowingplants.Furtherup,theweather___55___—lowcloudsenvelopethemountainsides,whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.I___56___twelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metersisthehighland___57___:gravel(礫石),stonesandrocks.___58___youclimbintoanarcticlikezonewith___59___snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.DoesKilimanjaro___60___itsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace？Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.41.A.keep B.mix C.connect D.bring42.A.stories B.buildings C.crowds D.reporters43.A.position B.age C.face D.name44.A.silent B.skeptical C.serious D.crazy45.A.discover B.argue C.decide D.advocate46.A.equipment B.grass C.camps D.stones47.A.remote B.quiet C.all D.clean48.A.new B.special C.significant D.necessary49.A.payingoff B.spreadingout C.blowingup D.fadingaway50.A.atmosphere B.experience C.experiment D.sight51.A.studied B.observed C.explored D.regarded52.A.view B.quality C.reason D.purpose53.A.scientists B.climbers C.locals D.officials54.A.holdingonto B.goingbackto C.livingupto D.givingwayto55.A.changes B.clears C.improves D.permits56.A.match B.imagine C.count D.add57.A.village B.desert C.road D.lake58.A.Obviously B.Easily C.Consequently D.Finally59.A.permanent B.little C.fresh D.artificial60.A.enjoy B.deserve C.save D.acquire【答案】41.D42.C43.C44.B45.A46.C47.D48.C49.A50.B51.D52.A53.B54.D55.A56.C57.B58.D59.A60.B【解析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。每年有4萬(wàn)登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力馬扎羅山，他們帶來(lái)了垃圾，破壞了這里的環(huán)境。再加上冰川的消失，改變著它的地貌。對(duì)此作者對(duì)這個(gè)地方很是懷疑，想一探究竟。當(dāng)他來(lái)到這里，他發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)保措施很到位，同時(shí)作者發(fā)現(xiàn)乞力馬扎羅山有多種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。作者認(rèn)為乞力馬扎羅山不應(yīng)該被譽(yù)為一座擠滿了破壞寧?kù)o氛圍的游客的擁擠的山峰。【41題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.keep保持；B.mix混合；C.connect聯(lián)系；D.bring帶來(lái)。句意：他們帶來(lái)了很多的垃圾。由“l(fā)otsofwaste”可知，登山者帶來(lái)了很多的垃圾。故D選項(xiàng)切題?！?2題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.stories故事；B.buildings建筑物；C.crowds人群；D.reporters記者。句意：人群可能會(huì)破壞這個(gè)地方的美。由“40,000”可知，這是一個(gè)龐大的群體。故C選項(xiàng)切題?！?3題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.position位置；B.age年齡；C.face外貌；D.name名字。句意：冰川正在消失，改變著乞力馬扎羅山的地貌。冰川是乞力馬扎羅山地貌之一，所以冰山融化會(huì)改變它的地貌。故C選項(xiàng)切題。【44題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.silent沉默的；B.skepetical懷疑的；C.serious嚴(yán)肅的；D.crazy瘋狂的。句意：聽(tīng)到這些故事，我對(duì)這個(gè)地方產(chǎn)生了懷疑——其他旅游地被描述為“更純粹”的自然體驗(yàn)。由下文可知，作者親自來(lái)到了乞力馬扎羅山，作者想解開(kāi)這個(gè)懷疑。故beskepeticalabout“對(duì)……懷疑”符合句意。故B選項(xiàng)切題?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.argue爭(zhēng)論；C.decide決定；D.advocate提倡。句意：然而，我很快發(fā)現(xiàn)，自從那些令人不安的關(guān)于營(yíng)地周圍有成噸的垃圾的報(bào)道出現(xiàn)以來(lái)，情況發(fā)生了很大的變化。由“muchhaschanged”可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)了很大的變化。故A選項(xiàng)切題?！?6題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.equipment裝備；B.grass草C.camps營(yíng)地；D.stone石頭。句意：我很快發(fā)現(xiàn)，自從那些令人不安的關(guān)于營(yíng)地周圍有成噸的垃圾的報(bào)道出現(xiàn)以來(lái)，情況發(fā)生了很大的變化。由下文“atcamps”可知，本句屬于原詞再現(xiàn)。故C選項(xiàng)切題?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.remote遙遠(yuǎn)的；B.quiet安靜的C.tall高的;D.clean干凈的。句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一座干凈的山，營(yíng)地里和路邊都有廁所。由“withtoliletatcampsandalongthepaths”可知，營(yíng)地里和路邊都有廁所。所以這是一座干凈的山。故D選項(xiàng)切題?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.new新的；B.special特殊的；C.significant相當(dāng)大的；D.necessary必要的。句意：環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)是巨大的，但坦桑尼亞國(guó)家公園管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回報(bào)。根據(jù)前文可知，很多的登山者來(lái)到乞力馬扎羅山以及冰川可能會(huì)消失。這對(duì)于環(huán)境來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。故C選項(xiàng)切題。【49題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A.payingoff還清，報(bào)償；B.spreadingout伸展；C.blowingup爆炸；D.fadingaway；逐漸消退。句意：環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)是巨大的，但坦桑尼亞國(guó)家公園管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回報(bào)。由“but”可知，前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說(shuō)明坦桑尼亞國(guó)家公園管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回報(bào)。故A選項(xiàng)切題?！?0題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.atmosphere氛圍；B.experience經(jīng)歷；C.experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)；D.sight視力。句意：在我看來(lái)，來(lái)乞力馬扎羅最好的經(jīng)歷并不是到達(dá)頂峰。登山就是人生的一種經(jīng)歷。故B選項(xiàng)切題?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.studied學(xué)習(xí)；B.observed觀察；C.explored探索；D.regarded認(rèn)為。句意：山被許多文化視為精神場(chǎng)所。由“spiritualspace”,可知，山被許多文化視為精神場(chǎng)所。beregardedas“被視為......”符合句意。故D選項(xiàng)切題?！?2題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.view景色；B.quality質(zhì)量；C.reason原因；D.purpose目的句意：在乞力馬扎羅，當(dāng)?shù)巧秸咴趲坠锏目臻g里穿越五個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)時(shí)，景色差異尤為明顯。有五個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，所以景色也是明顯的不同。故A選項(xiàng)切題?！?3題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.scientists科學(xué)家；B.climbers登山者；C.locals當(dāng)?shù)厝?；D.officials官員。句意：在乞力馬扎羅，當(dāng)?shù)巧秸咴趲坠锏目臻g里穿越五個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)時(shí)，景色尤為明顯。故A選項(xiàng)切題。來(lái)到乞力馬扎羅都是為了登山，也只有登山者能體驗(yàn)到五個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故B選項(xiàng)切題。【54題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A.holdingonto抓住；B.goingbackto回到（原來(lái)的話題）；C.livingupto履行；D.givingwayto向......讓步。句意：熱帶雨林在海拔3000米處突然到了盡頭，讓位于大片的低矮植物。這里指熱帶雨林在海拔3000米處突然到了盡頭，所以海拔3000米以上就是大片的低矮植物。givingwayto“向......讓步”符合句意。故D選項(xiàng)切題。【55題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.changes改變；B.clears放晴；C.improves提高；D.permits允許。句意：再往上走，天氣變了低云籠罩著被厚厚的草覆蓋的山腰。由“l(fā)owclouds”可知，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)不同，天氣也是不同的，是變化的。故A選項(xiàng)切題?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.match匹配；B.imagine想象；C.count數(shù)；D.add增加。句意：我從站的地方數(shù)出了十二種綠色。由“twelveshadesofgreen”可知，作者數(shù)出了十二種綠色。故C選項(xiàng)切題?！?7題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.village村莊；B.desert沙漠，荒地;C.road馬路；D.lake湖。句意：海拔4000米以上是高山寒漠:礫石、石頭和巖石。由“grave,stonesandrocks”可知，拔4000米以上是高山寒漠。故B選項(xiàng)切題?！?8題詳解】考查副詞辨析。A.Obviously明顯地;B.Easily容易地;C.Consequently結(jié)果；D.Finally最后地。句意：海拔4000米以上是高地沙漠:礫石、石頭和巖石。生態(tài)系統(tǒng)最頂端也是最后一個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是冰川地區(qū)。故D選項(xiàng)切題?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.permanent.永久的；B.little小的；C.fresh新鮮的；D.artifical人造的。句意：很明顯，你爬進(jìn)了一個(gè)類似北極的地帶，那里有著永久性的積雪和可能很快消失的冰川。由“arcticlikezone”可知，這是一個(gè)類似北極的地帶，所以有永久性的積雪。故A選項(xiàng)切題?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.enjoy享受；B.deserve值得；C.save挽救;D.acquire獲得。句意：乞力馬扎羅山是一座擁擠的山，擠滿了成群的游客，破壞了寧?kù)o的氣氛，它值得這樣的名聲嗎？。這里作者在疑問(wèn)乞力馬扎羅山是不是應(yīng)該被譽(yù)為一座擠滿了破壞寧?kù)o氛圍的游客的擁擠的山峰。以此在對(duì)后面的回答做好鋪墊。故B選項(xiàng)切題。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence___61___theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen___62___(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,00025,000polarbearsworldwide.Modemmethods___63___trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid1980s,andareexpensive___64___(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut___65___(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa___66___(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby___67___(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺(jué))thatpopulationsare___68___(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of___69___nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six___70___(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.【答案】61.that62.poorly63.of/for64.toperform65.havereport66.belief67.noting68.higher69.the70.are【解析】本文為科普文類說(shuō)明文，介紹了北極熊的生存現(xiàn)狀?！?1題詳解】考查同位語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，主句為therebe句型，且結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格后為同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明中心詞evidence內(nèi)容，故填that?！?2題詳解】考查副詞用法。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，此處用副詞poorly修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hasbeenstudied，意為“研究很少”。故填poorly?！?3題詳解】考查介詞用法。此處trackingpolarbearpopulations作Modernmethods的定語(yǔ)，用of連接，“methodsofdoingsth.”,意為“…的方法”，構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu)?；蛘咭鉃椤皩?duì)于跟蹤北極熊的方法”用for。故填of/for?！?4題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)之后，常用不定式作原因或目的狀語(yǔ)，句意：跟蹤北極熊的現(xiàn)代方法只是在二十世紀(jì)八十年代以來(lái)開(kāi)始采用，并且在如此大區(qū)域內(nèi)持續(xù)采用是昂貴的，故此處用toperform?！?5題