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專題26旋轉(zhuǎn)【專題目錄】技巧1:由旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)求角的度數(shù)技巧2:由旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)求線段的長度技巧3:旋轉(zhuǎn)變換作圖技巧4:特殊平行四邊形中旋轉(zhuǎn)問題【題型】一、根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)求解【題型】二、畫旋轉(zhuǎn)圖形【題型】三、旋轉(zhuǎn)后的對(duì)稱圖形【題型】四、旋轉(zhuǎn)后點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)【題型】五、判斷是否中心對(duì)稱圖形【題型】六、求關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)【題型】七、設(shè)計(jì)圖案【考綱要求】1、通過觀察具體實(shí)例了解旋轉(zhuǎn),理解旋轉(zhuǎn)的概念。2.、探究旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì),會(huì)畫出旋轉(zhuǎn)后的圖形?!究键c(diǎn)總結(jié)】一、旋轉(zhuǎn)的定義旋轉(zhuǎn)的概念:把一個(gè)平面圖形繞著平面內(nèi)某一點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)一個(gè)角度,叫作圖形的旋轉(zhuǎn).點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0叫作旋轉(zhuǎn)中心,轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的角叫作旋轉(zhuǎn)角.如圖形上的點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0經(jīng)過旋轉(zhuǎn)變化點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,那么這兩個(gè)點(diǎn)叫作這個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn).如圖所示,SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0繞定點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0得到的,其中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0與點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0叫作對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn),線段SKIPIF1<0與線段SKIPIF1<0叫作對(duì)應(yīng)線段,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0叫作對(duì)應(yīng)角,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0叫作旋轉(zhuǎn)中心,SKIPIF1<0(或SKIPIF1<0)的度數(shù)叫作旋轉(zhuǎn)的角度.【圖形旋轉(zhuǎn)的三要素】旋轉(zhuǎn)中心、旋轉(zhuǎn)方向和旋轉(zhuǎn)角.旋轉(zhuǎn)的特征:1、對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)到旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的距離相等;2、對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)與旋轉(zhuǎn)中心所連線段的夾角等于旋轉(zhuǎn)角;3、旋轉(zhuǎn)前、后的圖形全等.旋轉(zhuǎn)作圖的步驟方法:1、確定旋轉(zhuǎn)中心、旋轉(zhuǎn)方向、旋轉(zhuǎn)角;2、找出圖形上的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn);3、連接圖形上的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)與旋轉(zhuǎn)中心,然后按旋轉(zhuǎn)方向分別將它們旋轉(zhuǎn)一定的角度,得到關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn);4、按原圖的順序連接這些對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn),即得旋轉(zhuǎn)后的圖形.平移、旋轉(zhuǎn)、軸對(duì)稱之間的聯(lián)系:變化后不改變圖形的大小和形狀,對(duì)應(yīng)線段相等、對(duì)應(yīng)角相等。平移、旋轉(zhuǎn)、軸對(duì)稱之間的區(qū)別:變化方式不同:平移:將一個(gè)圖形沿某個(gè)方向移動(dòng)一定距離。旋轉(zhuǎn):將一個(gè)圖形繞一個(gè)頂點(diǎn)沿某個(gè)方向轉(zhuǎn)一定角度。軸對(duì)稱:將一個(gè)圖形沿一條直線對(duì)折。對(duì)應(yīng)線段、對(duì)應(yīng)角之間的關(guān)系不同平移:變化前后對(duì)應(yīng)線段平行(或在一條直線上),對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)連線平行(或在一條直線上),對(duì)應(yīng)角的兩邊平行(或在一條直線上)、方向一致。旋轉(zhuǎn):變化前后任意一對(duì)對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)與旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的連線所稱的角都是旋轉(zhuǎn)角。軸對(duì)稱:對(duì)應(yīng)線段或延長線如果相交,那么交點(diǎn)在對(duì)稱軸上。3)確定條件不同平移:距離與方向旋轉(zhuǎn):旋轉(zhuǎn)的三要素。軸對(duì)稱:對(duì)稱軸二、旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)旋轉(zhuǎn)的特征(1)旋轉(zhuǎn)后圖形上每一點(diǎn)都繞著旋轉(zhuǎn)中心旋轉(zhuǎn)了同樣的角度;(2)旋轉(zhuǎn)后的圖形與原圖形對(duì)應(yīng)線段相等、對(duì)應(yīng)角相等;(3)對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)到旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的距離相等;(4)旋轉(zhuǎn)后的圖形與原來的圖形的形狀和大小都沒有發(fā)生變化.注意:(1)旋轉(zhuǎn)中心可以是圖形外的一點(diǎn),也可以是圖形上的一點(diǎn),還可以是圖形內(nèi)的一點(diǎn);(2)對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)之間的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡是一段圓弧,對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)到旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的線段就是這段圓弧所在圓的半徑;(3)旋轉(zhuǎn)前、后每對(duì)對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)到旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的距離相等,但非對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)到旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的距離不一定相等.三、旋轉(zhuǎn)作圖旋轉(zhuǎn)作圖的步驟:第一步:確定旋轉(zhuǎn)中心;第二步:確定旋轉(zhuǎn)角度和旋轉(zhuǎn)方向;(若沒有直接給出旋轉(zhuǎn)角,則應(yīng)找出旋轉(zhuǎn)前、后圖形的一對(duì)對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn),并將它們與旋轉(zhuǎn)中心相連,以此確定旋轉(zhuǎn)角和旋轉(zhuǎn)方向)第三步:確定對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn);(1)準(zhǔn)確找出能代表旋轉(zhuǎn)前圖形特點(diǎn)的特殊點(diǎn)(通常指圖中所有線段的兩個(gè)端點(diǎn)),并將它們與旋轉(zhuǎn)中心依次連接;(2)以旋轉(zhuǎn)中心為角的頂點(diǎn),(1)中線段作為旋轉(zhuǎn)角的另一邊,作出圖中所有的旋轉(zhuǎn)角,且旋轉(zhuǎn)的方向一致;(3)根據(jù)對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)到旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的距離相等,在上述旋轉(zhuǎn)角的另一邊上分別截取線段,確定旋轉(zhuǎn)后圖形的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn).第四步:確定旋轉(zhuǎn)后的圖形按照原圖的形狀依次連接上述對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn),即可得到旋轉(zhuǎn)后的圖形.【技巧歸納】技巧1:由旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)求角的度數(shù)1.如圖,將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0,得到△SKIPIF1<0,若點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在線段SKIPIF1<0的延長線上,則SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【分析】先根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)得到SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,再利用四邊形的內(nèi)角和得到SKIPIF1<0,由于SKIPIF1<0,從而可計(jì)算出SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù).【解答】解:SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0,得到△SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.2.如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)得到SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在同一條直線上時(shí),則旋轉(zhuǎn)角SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【分析】由旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由等腰三角形的性質(zhì)可求SKIPIF1<0,即可求解.【解答】解:SKIPIF1<0將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)得到SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故選:SKIPIF1<0.技巧2:由旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)求線段的長度3.如圖,△ABC是等邊三角形,點(diǎn)P在△ABC內(nèi),PA=6,將△PAB繞點(diǎn)A逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)得到△QAC,則PQ的長等于()A.6 B.6 C.3 D.2【分析】根據(jù)等邊三角形的性質(zhì)推出AC=AB,∠CAB=60°,根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)得出△CQA≌△BPA,推出AQ=AP,∠CAQ=∠BAP,求出∠PAQ=60°,得出△APQ是等邊三角形,即可求出答案.【解答】解:∵△ABC是等邊三角形,∴AC=AB,∠CAB=60°,∵將△PAB繞點(diǎn)A逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)得到△QAC,∴△CQA≌△BPA,∴AQ=AP,∠CAQ=∠BAP,∴∠CAB=∠CAP+∠BAP=∠CAP+∠CAQ=60°,即∠PAQ=60°,∴△APQ是等邊三角形,∴QP=PA=6,故選:A.4.如圖,Rt△ABC中,∠ABC=90°,∠BAC=60°,AB=1,將△ABC繞點(diǎn)B順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)得到△A'BC',若直線A'C'經(jīng)過點(diǎn)A,則CC'的長為()A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4【分析】根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)可證明△BCC'、△ABA'是等邊三角形,再利用含30°角的直角三角形的性質(zhì)可得AC=2AB=2,由勾股定理得BC=3【解答】解:∵將△ABC繞點(diǎn)B順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)得到△A'BC',∴BA=BA',BC=BC',∠BAC=∠BA'C',∵∠BAC=60°,∴∠A'=60°,∴△ABA'是等邊三角形,∴∠ABA'=60°,∴∠CBC'=∠ABA'=60°,∴△BCC'是等邊三角形,∴CC'=BC,∵∠ABC=90°,∠BAC=60°,∴∠ACB=30°,∴AC=2AB=2,∴BC=3∴CC'=BC=3故選:C.技巧3:旋轉(zhuǎn)變換作圖5.如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,SKIPIF1<0的三個(gè)頂點(diǎn)都在格點(diǎn)上.(1)畫出SKIPIF1<0繞原點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0后的△SKIPIF1<0.(2)求線段SKIPIF1<0在旋轉(zhuǎn)過程中所掃過的圖形面積.【分析】(1)根據(jù)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特征寫出SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo),然后描點(diǎn),連線組成三角形即可;(2)根據(jù)扇形面積公式可得答案.【解答】解:(1)如圖:△SKIPIF1<0即為所求三角形;(2)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0線段SKIPIF1<0在旋轉(zhuǎn)過程中所掃過的圖形面積為SKIPIF1<0.6.如圖,方格紙中SKIPIF1<0三個(gè)頂點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(1)請(qǐng)?jiān)趫D中畫出符合條件的直角坐標(biāo)系;(2)若點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0平移至SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)分別是SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,請(qǐng)畫出平移后的圖形,并寫出點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo);(3)將SKIPIF1<0繞原點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0得到△SKIPIF1<0,畫出旋轉(zhuǎn)后的圖形,并寫出點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo).【分析】(1)根據(jù)題意建立平面直角坐標(biāo)系即可;(2)根據(jù)平移的性質(zhì)作出圖形即可;(3)根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)作出圖形即可.【解答】解:(1)如圖所示;(2)如圖所示,SKIPIF1<0即為所求;點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0;(3)如圖所示,△SKIPIF1<0即為所求,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0.技巧4:特殊平行四邊形中旋轉(zhuǎn)問題7.如圖,四邊形SKIPIF1<0是矩形,以點(diǎn)B為旋轉(zhuǎn)中心,順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)矩形SKIPIF1<0得到矩形SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)分別為點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0恰好在SKIPIF1<0的延長線上.(1)求證:SKIPIF1<0:(2)若SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的長.【答案】(1)見解析(2)4【分析】(1)由旋轉(zhuǎn)矩形SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)斜邊為公共邊,利用“SKIPIF1<0”可證得結(jié)論;(2)由SKIPIF1<0可知SKIPIF1<0,由旋轉(zhuǎn)矩形SKIPIF1<0可知SKIPIF1<0,即可求得SKIPIF1<0的長度.【詳解】(1)證明:∵旋轉(zhuǎn)矩形SKIPIF1<0得到矩形SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,
在SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.∴SKIPIF1<0.(2)解:由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,∵旋轉(zhuǎn)矩形SKIPIF1<0得到矩形SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,
∴SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)睛】本題主要考查了旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)、矩形的性質(zhì)、解題關(guān)鍵是證明SKIPIF1<0,利用矩形和旋轉(zhuǎn)性質(zhì)求解.8.如圖,將矩形SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)A順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)到矩形SKIPIF1<0的位置,若旋轉(zhuǎn)角為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【分析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交于點(diǎn)E,根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的角度結(jié)合矩形的性質(zhì)可得出SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù),再由四邊形內(nèi)角和為SKIPIF1<0即可得出SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù),根據(jù)對(duì)頂角相等即可得出結(jié)論.【詳解】解:設(shè)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交于點(diǎn)E,如圖所示.∵旋轉(zhuǎn)角為SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)、矩形的性質(zhì)、四邊形內(nèi)角和以及對(duì)頂角,根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)及四邊形內(nèi)角和為SKIPIF1<0找出SKIPIF1<0是解題的關(guān)鍵.【題型講解】【題型】一、根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)求解例1、如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0按逆時(shí)針方向旋轉(zhuǎn)得到SKIPIF1<0.若點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0恰好落在SKIPIF1<0邊上,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù)為()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【提示】根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)得出邊和角相等,找到角之間的關(guān)系,再根據(jù)三角形內(nèi)角和定理進(jìn)行求解,即可求出答案.【詳解】解:設(shè)SKIPIF1<0=x°.根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì),得∠C=∠SKIPIF1<0=x°,SKIPIF1<0=AC,SKIPIF1<0=AB.∴∠SKIPIF1<0=∠B.∵SKIPIF1<0,∴∠C=∠CASKIPIF1<0=x°.∴∠SKIPIF1<0=∠C+∠CASKIPIF1<0=2x°.∴∠B=2x°.∵∠C+∠B+∠CAB=180°,SKIPIF1<0,∴x+2x+108=180.解得x=24.∴SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù)為24°.故選:C.【題型】二、畫旋轉(zhuǎn)圖形例2、如圖所示的平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,SKIPIF1<0的三個(gè)頂點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)分別為SKIPIF1<0,請(qǐng)按如下要求畫圖:(1)以坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)O為旋轉(zhuǎn)中心,將△ABC順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90°,得到SKIPIF1<0,請(qǐng)畫出SKIPIF1<0;(2)以坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)O為位似中心,在x軸下方,畫出SKIPIF1<0的位似圖形SKIPIF1<0,使它與△ABC的位似比為SKIPIF1<0.【答案】(1)見解析;(2)見解析【提示】(1)根據(jù)網(wǎng)格結(jié)構(gòu)找出點(diǎn)A、B、C關(guān)于原點(diǎn)O對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)A1、B1、C1的位置,然后順次連接即可;(2)利用位似的性質(zhì),找出點(diǎn)A2、B2、C2的位置,然后畫出圖形即可.【詳解】解:(1)SKIPIF1<0位置正確;用直尺畫圖;(2)SKIPIF1<0位置正確;用直尺畫圖.【題型】三、旋轉(zhuǎn)后的對(duì)稱圖形例3、如圖,該圖案繞它的中心至少旋轉(zhuǎn)m度能與自身完全重合,則m的值是()A.45 B.90 C.135 D.180【答案】A【提示】提示圖形,周角被分成了8個(gè)角度,因此利用周角分成8份即為m的值.【詳解】360°÷8=45°.故選A.【題型】四、旋轉(zhuǎn)后點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)例4、在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)G的坐標(biāo)是SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,將線段SKIPIF1<0繞原點(diǎn)O旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0,得到對(duì)應(yīng)線段SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo)為()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【提示】根據(jù)題意可得兩個(gè)點(diǎn)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,即可得到結(jié)果.【詳解】根據(jù)題意可得,SKIPIF1<0與G關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,∵點(diǎn)G的坐標(biāo)是SKIPIF1<0,∴點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0.故選A.【題型】五、判斷是否中心對(duì)稱圖形例5、下列圖形:線段、等邊三角形、平行四邊形、圓,其中既是軸對(duì)稱圖形,又是中心對(duì)稱圖形的個(gè)數(shù)為()A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4【答案】B【提示】根據(jù)軸對(duì)稱圖形與中心對(duì)稱圖形的概念求解.【詳解】解:線段是軸對(duì)稱圖形,也是中心對(duì)稱圖形;
等邊三角形是軸對(duì)稱圖形,不是中心對(duì)稱圖形;
平行四邊形不是軸對(duì)稱圖形,是中心對(duì)稱圖形;
圓是軸對(duì)稱圖形,也是中心對(duì)稱圖形;
則既是軸對(duì)稱圖形又是中心對(duì)稱圖形的有2個(gè).
故選:B.【題型】六、求關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)例6、在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【提示】根據(jù)坐標(biāo)系中對(duì)稱點(diǎn)與原點(diǎn)的關(guān)系判斷即可.【詳解】關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的一組坐標(biāo)橫縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù),所以(3,2)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)是(-3,-2),故選C.【題型】七、設(shè)計(jì)圖案例7、規(guī)定:在平面內(nèi),如果一個(gè)圖形繞一個(gè)定點(diǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn)一定的角度α(0°<α≤180°)后能與自身重合,那么就稱這個(gè)圖形是旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形,轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的這個(gè)角度α稱為這個(gè)圖形的一個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)角.例如:正方形繞著兩條對(duì)角線的交點(diǎn)O旋轉(zhuǎn)90°或180°后,能與自身重合(如圖1),所以正方形是旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形,且有兩個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)角.根據(jù)以上規(guī)定,回答問題:(1)下列圖形是旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形,但不是中心對(duì)稱圖形的是________;A.矩形B.正五邊形C.菱形D.正六邊形(2)下列圖形中,是旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形,且有一個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)角是60度的有:________(填序號(hào));(3)下列三個(gè)命題:①中心對(duì)稱圖形是旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形;②等腰三角形是旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形;③圓是旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形,其中真命題的個(gè)數(shù)有()個(gè);A.0B.1C.2D.3(4)如圖2的旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形由等腰直角三角形和圓構(gòu)成,旋轉(zhuǎn)角有45°,90°,135°,180°,將圖形補(bǔ)充完整.【答案】(1)B;(2)(1)(3)(5);(3)C;(4)見解析【提示】(1)根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形的定義進(jìn)行判斷;(2)先分別求每一個(gè)圖形中的旋轉(zhuǎn)角,然后再進(jìn)行判斷;(3)根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形的定義進(jìn)行判斷;(4)利用旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形的定義進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì).【詳解】解:(1)矩形、正五邊形、菱形、正六邊形都是旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形,但正五邊形不是中心對(duì)稱圖形,
故選:B.
(2)是旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形,且有一個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)角是60度的有(1)(3)(5).
故答案為:(1)(3)(5).
(3)①中心對(duì)稱圖形,旋轉(zhuǎn)180°一定會(huì)和本身重合,是旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形;故命題①正確;②等腰三角形繞一個(gè)定點(diǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn)一定的角度α(0°<α≤180°)后,不一定能與自身重合,只有等邊三角形是旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形,故②不正確;③圓具有旋轉(zhuǎn)不變性,繞圓心旋轉(zhuǎn)任意角度一定能與自身重合,是旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形;故命題③正確;即命題中①③正確,故選:C.
(4)圖形如圖所示:旋轉(zhuǎn)(達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練)一、單選題1.如圖,是蹺蹺板的示意圖,支柱SKIPIF1<0與地面垂直,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0繞著點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0上下轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng).當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0端落地時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則蹺蹺板上下可轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的最大角度(即SKIPIF1<0)是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【分析】先利用線段中點(diǎn)的定義可得SKIPIF1<0,再利用旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)可得:SKIPIF1<0,從而可得SKIPIF1<0,然后利用等腰三角形的性質(zhì)可得SKIPIF1<0,從而利用三角形的外角性質(zhì)進(jìn)行計(jì)算即可解答.【詳解】解:∵點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),∴SKIPIF1<0,由旋轉(zhuǎn)得:SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,故選:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了等腰三角形的性質(zhì),熟練掌握等腰三角形的性質(zhì)是解題的關(guān)鍵.2.如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)得到SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)使點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0恰好在SKIPIF1<0邊上,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則下列結(jié)論一定正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【分析】根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì),對(duì)每個(gè)選項(xiàng)逐一判斷即可.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)得到SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,不能得到SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)A不合題意;SKIPIF1<0,不能得到SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)D不合題意;SKIPIF1<0旋轉(zhuǎn)角SKIPIF1<0不一定等于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0不一定等于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0不一定等于SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)C不合題意;SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由旋轉(zhuǎn)可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)B符合題意.故選:B.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì),等腰三角形的判定與性質(zhì).旋轉(zhuǎn)變換是全等變換,利用旋轉(zhuǎn)不變性是解題的關(guān)鍵.3.如圖,將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)C順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn),點(diǎn)B的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)為點(diǎn)E,點(diǎn)A的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)為點(diǎn)D,當(dāng)點(diǎn)E恰好落在SKIPIF1<0邊上時(shí),連接SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù)是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【分析】根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)推出SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)等邊對(duì)等角即可求解.【詳解】解:由題意可得:將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)C順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0故選:D.【點(diǎn)睛】本題主要考查圖形旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì);熟知旋轉(zhuǎn)圖形的對(duì)應(yīng)角相等,對(duì)應(yīng)邊相等是解題的關(guān)鍵.4.如圖,三角形SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0,得到三角形SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0等于(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【分析】首先根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)可知SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,然后根據(jù)圖形即可求出SKIPIF1<0.【詳解】解:∵SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故B正確.故選:B.【點(diǎn)睛】本題主要考查了旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì),解題的關(guān)鍵是理解旋轉(zhuǎn)前后對(duì)應(yīng)邊、對(duì)應(yīng)角相等.5.如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0向右平移得到SKIPIF1<0,再將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)D逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)至點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0重合,則平移的距離和旋轉(zhuǎn)角的度數(shù)分別為()A.1,30° B.4,30° C.2,60° D.4,60°【答案】C【分析】由平移的性質(zhì)和旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)可證SKIPIF1<0是等邊三角形,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即可求解.【詳解】∵將SKIPIF1<0向右平移得到SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∵將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)D逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)至點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0重合,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是等邊三角形,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故選:C.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì),平移的性質(zhì),等邊三角形的判定和性質(zhì),掌握旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)是解題關(guān)鍵。6.如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,在同一平面內(nèi),將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0旋轉(zhuǎn)到△SKIPIF1<0的位置,使得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0等于()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【分析】旋轉(zhuǎn)中心為點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0分別是對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn),根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)可知,旋轉(zhuǎn)角SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,再利用平行線的性質(zhì)得SKIPIF1<0,把問題轉(zhuǎn)化到等腰SKIPIF1<0中,根據(jù)內(nèi)角和定理求SKIPIF1<0.【詳解】解:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0為對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn),點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為旋轉(zhuǎn)中心,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0為等腰三角形,SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了旋轉(zhuǎn)的基本性質(zhì),對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)到旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的距離相等,對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)與旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的連線的夾角為旋轉(zhuǎn)角.同時(shí)考查了平行線的性質(zhì).7.如圖,在△ABC中,把△ABC繞著點(diǎn)A順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)42°,得到△SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)C的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0落在BC邊上,則∠SKIPIF1<0B的度數(shù)為()A.84° B.69° C.111° D.138°【答案】C【分析】先利用旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)求出SKIPIF1<0,再利用三角形外角的性質(zhì)求解.【詳解】解:由題意,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,故選:C.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)、等邊對(duì)等角和三角形內(nèi)角和定理,解題關(guān)鍵是掌握旋轉(zhuǎn)前后的對(duì)應(yīng)邊相等,以及正確找出旋轉(zhuǎn)角.8.如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0后,到SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0經(jīng)過的路徑為弧SKIPIF1<0,已知SKIPIF1<0,則圖中陰影部分的面積為().A.π B.SKIPIF1<0π C.SKIPIF1<0π D.SKIPIF1<0π【答案】C【分析】圖中陰影部分的面積也就是SKIPIF1<0的面積加上扇形SKIPIF1<0的面積再減去SKIPIF1<0的面積,SKIPIF1<0是經(jīng)SKIPIF1<0旋轉(zhuǎn)得到的,所以SKIPIF1<0的面積等于SKIPIF1<0的面積,陰影部分的面積也即扇形SKIPIF1<0的面積,根據(jù)扇形的面積計(jì)算公式即可求解.【詳解】解:在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由題意得:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則圖中陰影部分的面積:S陰影SKIPIF1<0S扇形EABSKIPIF1<0S扇形EABSKIPIF1<0.故選A.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了扇形的面積計(jì)算公式、旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)、勾股定理,能正確分析出陰影部分的面積和扇形面積相等是解這道題的關(guān)鍵,同時(shí),要掌握扇形的面積計(jì)算公式.二、填空題9.如圖,在矩形ABCD中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,將矩形SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)B旋轉(zhuǎn)一定角度后得矩形SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)E,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的長為______.【答案】3【分析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中根據(jù)勾股定理即可列出關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的方程,解方程就可以求出SKIPIF1<0.【詳解】解:設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,矩形SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)B旋轉(zhuǎn)一定角度后得矩形SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:3.【點(diǎn)睛】此題主要考查了矩形的性質(zhì),勾股定理等知識(shí),旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì),利用勾股定理列出關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的方程是解決問題的關(guān)鍵.三、解答題10.如圖,將SKIPIF1<0繞直角頂點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0(1)求SKIPIF1<0的長(2)若SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù).【答案】(1)SKIPIF1<0(2)SKIPIF1<0【分析】(1)首先根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)得到SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)而得到SKIPIF1<0,然后根據(jù)勾股定理求解即可;(2)首先得到SKIPIF1<0是等腰直角三角形,進(jìn)而得到SKIPIF1<0,然后根據(jù)全等三角形的性質(zhì)得到SKIPIF1<0,然后根據(jù)角的和差關(guān)系求解即可.【詳解】(1)∵將SKIPIF1<0繞直角頂點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0;(2)∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0是等腰直角三角形∴SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0∵SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)睛】此題考查了旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)以及全等三角形的性質(zhì).注意掌握旋轉(zhuǎn)前后圖形的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系是解題的關(guān)鍵.11.如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)B逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0到SKIPIF1<0的延長線與SKIPIF1<0相交于點(diǎn)F,連接SKIPIF1<0,求證:SKIPIF1<0.【答案】見解析【分析】根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)得到SKIPIF1<0,證得SKIPIF1<0是等邊三角形,得到SKIPIF1<0,即可證得結(jié)論.【詳解】解:由旋轉(zhuǎn)得SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0是等邊三角形,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)睛】此題考查了旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì),等邊三角形的判定和性質(zhì),平行線的判定,熟練掌握旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)及等邊三角形的判定和性質(zhì)定理是解題的關(guān)鍵.旋轉(zhuǎn)(提升測評(píng))一、單選題1.下列圖形中既是軸對(duì)稱圖形,又是中心對(duì)稱圖形的是()A. B.C. D.【答案】D【分析】直接根據(jù)軸對(duì)稱和中心對(duì)稱的定義判斷即可.【詳解】解:A、既不是軸對(duì)稱圖形,也不是中心對(duì)稱圖形,故不合題意;B、是軸對(duì)稱圖形,不是中心對(duì)稱圖形,故不合題意;C、既不是軸對(duì)稱圖形,也不是中心對(duì)稱圖形,故不合題意;D、既是軸對(duì)稱圖形,也是中心對(duì)稱圖形,故符合題意;故選D.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了軸對(duì)稱圖形和中心對(duì)稱圖形的識(shí)別,熟練掌握軸對(duì)稱圖形和中心對(duì)稱圖形的定義是解答本題的關(guān)鍵.2.下列說法正確的是(
)A.有兩個(gè)內(nèi)角相等的三角形不是軸對(duì)稱圖形B.如果兩條線段互相垂直平分,那么這兩條線段互為對(duì)稱軸C.所有直角三角形都不是軸對(duì)稱圖形D.兩個(gè)圖形成軸對(duì)稱,那么這兩個(gè)圖形全等【答案】D【分析】根據(jù)軸對(duì)稱圖形的定義及性質(zhì),結(jié)合各項(xiàng)進(jìn)行判斷即可.【詳解】A.有兩個(gè)內(nèi)角相等的三角形是等腰三角形,是軸對(duì)稱圖形,此選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,不符合題意;B.如果兩條線段互相垂直平分,那么這兩條線段所在直線互為對(duì)稱軸,此選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,不符合題意;C.等腰直角三角形是軸對(duì)稱圖形,此選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,不符合題意;D.兩個(gè)圖形成軸對(duì)稱,那么這兩個(gè)圖形全等,此選項(xiàng)正確,符合題意;故選:D.【點(diǎn)睛】本題主要考查了軸對(duì)稱圖形的定義及軸對(duì)稱的性質(zhì),熟練掌握軸對(duì)稱的性質(zhì)以及軸對(duì)稱圖形的定義是解本題的關(guān)鍵.3.下列四個(gè)交通標(biāo)志中,既是軸對(duì)稱圖形又是中心對(duì)稱圖形的是(
)A. B. C. D.【答案】B【分析】根據(jù)軸對(duì)稱圖形和中心對(duì)稱圖形的概念即可判斷.【詳解】A.該圖形既不是軸對(duì)稱圖形,也不是中心對(duì)稱圖形,故此選項(xiàng)不合題意;B.該圖形既是軸對(duì)稱圖形,又是中心對(duì)稱圖形,故此選項(xiàng)符合題意;C.該圖形是軸對(duì)稱圖形,不是中心對(duì)稱圖形,故此選項(xiàng)不合題意;D.該圖形既不是軸對(duì)稱圖形,也不是中心對(duì)稱圖形,故此選項(xiàng)不合題意.故選:B.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查軸對(duì)稱圖形和中心對(duì)稱圖形的概念,解題的關(guān)鍵是掌握相關(guān)概念.4.下面四個(gè)圖形分別是低碳、節(jié)水、節(jié)能和綠色食品標(biāo)志,在這四個(gè)標(biāo)志中,是軸對(duì)稱圖形的是()A. B. C. D.【答案】D【分析】軸對(duì)稱圖形的定義:如果一個(gè)平面圖形沿著一條直線折疊后,直線兩旁的部分能夠互相重合,那么這個(gè)圖形叫做軸對(duì)稱圖形,據(jù)此逐項(xiàng)判斷即可.【詳解】解:A中圖形不是軸對(duì)稱圖形,不符合題意;B中圖形不是軸對(duì)稱圖形,不符合題意;C中圖形不是軸對(duì)稱圖形,不符合題意;D中圖形是軸對(duì)稱圖形,符合題意,故選:D.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查軸對(duì)稱圖形,理解定義,找準(zhǔn)對(duì)稱軸是解答的關(guān)鍵.5.下列圖形中,既是軸對(duì)稱圖形,又是中心對(duì)稱圖形的是(
)A. B.C. D.【答案】A【分析】中心對(duì)稱圖形是要尋找對(duì)稱中心,旋轉(zhuǎn)180度后與原圖重合.【詳解】A.是軸對(duì)稱圖形,是中心對(duì)稱圖形,故本選項(xiàng)符合題意;B.不是軸對(duì)稱圖形,不是中心對(duì)稱圖形,故本選項(xiàng)不符合題意;C.是軸對(duì)稱圖形,不是中心對(duì)稱圖形,故本選項(xiàng)不符合題意;D.不是軸對(duì)稱圖形,是中心對(duì)稱圖形,故本選項(xiàng)不符合題意.故選:A.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了中心對(duì)稱圖形與軸對(duì)稱圖形的概念,解題的關(guān)鍵是掌握尋找對(duì)稱軸,圖形兩部分折疊后可重合,中心對(duì)稱圖形是要尋找對(duì)稱中心,旋轉(zhuǎn)180度后與原圖重合.6.下列圖形中既是軸對(duì)稱圖形又是中心對(duì)稱圖形的是()A. B.C. D.【答案】D【分析】根據(jù)軸對(duì)稱圖形和中心對(duì)稱圖形的定義,逐項(xiàng)判斷即可求解.【詳解】解:A、既不是軸對(duì)稱圖形又不是中心對(duì)稱圖形,故本選項(xiàng)不符合題意;B、既不是軸對(duì)稱圖形又不是中心對(duì)稱圖形,故本選項(xiàng)不符合題意;C、是軸對(duì)稱圖形但不是中心對(duì)稱圖形,故本選項(xiàng)不符合題意;D、既是軸對(duì)稱圖形又是中心對(duì)稱圖形,故本選項(xiàng)符合題意;故選:D【點(diǎn)睛】本題主要考查了軸對(duì)稱圖形和中心對(duì)稱圖形的定義,熟練掌握如果一個(gè)圖形沿著一條直線對(duì)折后兩部分完全重合,這樣的圖形叫做軸對(duì)稱圖形;在平面內(nèi),把一個(gè)圖形繞著某個(gè)點(diǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0,如果旋轉(zhuǎn)后的圖形能與原來的圖形重合,那么這個(gè)圖形叫做中心對(duì)稱圖形是解題的關(guān)鍵.7.把SKIPIF1<0各頂點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)都乘以SKIPIF1<0,縱坐標(biāo)都不變,所得圖形是下列答案中的(
)A. B.C. D.【答案】B【分析】根據(jù)題意,結(jié)合關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特征,可求解.【詳解】解:∵把SKIPIF1<0各頂點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)都乘以SKIPIF1<0,縱坐標(biāo)都不變,∴則兩個(gè)三角形關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0軸對(duì)稱,故選:B.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特征,理解題意是解題的關(guān)鍵.8.如圖所示,把一個(gè)長方形紙片沿SKIPIF1<0折疊后,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0分別落在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的位置.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0等于()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】由折疊的性質(zhì)可得SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,結(jié)合平角可求得SKIPIF1<0,再結(jié)合平行可求得SKIPIF1<0.【詳解】解:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0長方形紙片沿SKIPIF1<0折疊后,點(diǎn)D、C分別落在SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的位置,SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.【點(diǎn)睛】本題主要考查平行線的性質(zhì)及折疊的性質(zhì),掌握同旁內(nèi)角互補(bǔ)是解題的關(guān)鍵.二、填空題9.推進(jìn)生態(tài)文明建設(shè),實(shí)行垃圾分類和資源化利用是每個(gè)公民義不容辭的責(zé)任.有四張卡片正面分別是垃圾分類標(biāo)志圖案,它們除正面上的圖案不同外,其他均相同.將這4張卡片背面向上洗勻后放在桌面上.若從中隨機(jī)抽取兩張張卡片,所抽取的兩張卡片恰好都是軸對(duì)稱圖形的概率是___________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】畫樹狀圖,共有12種等可能的結(jié)果,其中所抽取的兩張卡片恰好都是軸對(duì)稱圖形的結(jié)果有2種,再由概率公式求解即可.【詳解】解:將這4張卡片分別記為A、B、C、D,其中B、C是軸對(duì)稱圖形,畫樹狀圖如下:共有12種等可能的結(jié)果,其中所抽取的兩張卡片恰好都是軸對(duì)稱圖形的結(jié)果有2種,∴所抽取的兩張卡片恰好都是軸對(duì)稱圖形的概率為SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)睛】此題考查的是用樹狀圖法求概率以及軸對(duì)稱圖形.樹狀圖法可以不重復(fù)不遺漏的列出所有可能的結(jié)果,適合兩步或兩步以上完成的事件.用到的知識(shí)點(diǎn)為:概率=所求情況數(shù)與總情況數(shù)之比.10.若點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0與點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0
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