重慶市縉云教育聯(lián)盟2023-2024學年高一上學期12月月考英語試題（解析版）

PAGEPAGE1重慶市縉云教育聯(lián)盟2023-2024學年高一上學期12月月考英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AAnimalsweretherealpioneersofspaceflight.Letuslearnaboutsomeanimalsthathavebeentospace.A.FruitfliesOnFebruary20,1947,theUnitedStatessentsomefruitfliesintospacetostudytheimpactthatcosmicradiation(宇宙輻射)mightpotentiallyhaveonastronautsinthefuture.Theychosefliesbecausetheyaregeneticallysimilartohumans.WhentheyreturnedtoEarth,thescientistsfoundthefliesalive,withnoevidenceoftheeffectsofradiation.B.MiceMicehavelongbeenusedtofindoutmoreabouthowspacetravelwillaffectthehumanbody.Infact,NASAhasrecentlypublishedastudyofmicehousedattheInternationalSpaceStation.Itshowsthatmicequicklyadapttomicrogravity(微重力)conditions.Theveryfirstmousewentintospacein1950,reachinganaltitudeof137km.However,unlikethefruitflies,themousediedwhentherocketbrokeintopartsduetoaparachute(降落傘)failure.C.DogsLaika,aRussianhomelessdog,wenttospaceonNovember3,1957.Shewaspickeduponthestreetsandwasthoughtsuitablebecauseshehadagentletemperament(性情)andbehavedwell.Thescientistsalsobelievedahomelessdogwouldbebetteratdealingwithdifficultconditionslikemicrogravitythanapetdog.Laikaisfamousforbeingthefirstanimaltoorbit(環(huán)繞……運行)theEarth.However,sheneverreturned.D.SpidersIn1973,twogardenspiderscalledAnitaandArabellawereusedinanexperimenttoseeiftheycouldstillbuildwebsinspace.Bothspidersmanagedtobuildwebs,eventhoughthewebswereslightlyfinerthanonEarth.Thestudyshowedagreatdealabouttheeffectsofmicrogravityonmotorresponse(運動反應(yīng)).1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthemouseastronaut?A.Itfailedtocomebackalive.B.Itcouldn’tsurviveinmicrogravityconditions.C.Itsgenesweresimilartohumans’.D.Itwasthefirstanimaltobesenttospace.2.LaikawaschosenbythescientistsforallthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT________.A.hergoodtemperament B.heridentityasapetdogC.herabilitytodealwithmicrogravity D.hergoodbehavior3.What’sthepurposeofsendingthetwospiderstospace?A.TocomparethequalityofwebstheymadeonEarthandinspace.B.Tostudytheimpactofcosmicradiationontheirsurvival.C.Toseehowfasttheycouldbuildwebsinspace.D.Toseewhethertheycouldbuildwebsinspace.〖答案〗1.A2.B3.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了動物在太空探索中的歷史和作用?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)B.Mice部分中“However,unlikethefruitflies,themousediedwhentherocketbrokeintopartsduetoaparachute(降落傘)failure.(然而，與果蠅不同的是，當火箭因降落傘故障而破裂時，老鼠就死了)”可知，老鼠宇航員沒能活著返回。故選A項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)C.Dogs部分中“Shewaspickeduponthestreetsandwasthoughtsuitablebecauseshehadagentletemperament(性情)andbehavedwell.Thescientistsalsobelievedahomelessdogwouldbebetteratdealingwithdifficultconditionslikemicrogravitythanapetdog.(她是在街上撿來的，因為她性情溫和，表現(xiàn)得很好，所以被認為很合適?？茖W家們還認為，流浪狗比寵物狗更能適應(yīng)微重力等惡劣環(huán)境)”可知，流浪狗Laika被選中有三個原因：性情溫和、表現(xiàn)得很好、更能適應(yīng)微重力等惡劣環(huán)境。B項中的“她的寵物狗身份”這一錯誤表述。故選B項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)D.Spiders部分中“In1973,twogardenspiderscalledAnitaandArabellawereusedinanexperimenttoseeiftheycouldstillbuildwebsinspace.(1973年，兩只名叫安妮塔和阿拉貝拉的花園蜘蛛被用于一項實驗，看看它們是否還能在太空中織網(wǎng)。)”可知，把兩只蜘蛛送上太空的目的是為了看它們能否能在太空中織網(wǎng)。故選D項。BStudentnewspapersacrosstheUSarefacingadarkreality.Astheyarefreetoread,theyaremakinglessmoneythanever,meaningthatsuchnewspapersarefindingithardtosurvive.Mostcollegepapershavereducedtheirprinteditions(版本).Lastyear,theDailyTarHeelprintedapaperfourdaysaweek.Thisyear,itprintsapapereverythreedays.Andwhileitusedtoproducearound22,000newspaperseachtime,itonlymakesaround:10,000now,saidEricaPerel,generalmanager.Increasingly,studentjournalistshaveturnedtheirfocustodigitalversionsoftheirnewspapers,andthenewwaysthatsocialmediaallowsthemtotellstories.They’veadaptedtheirskillstomirrorwhat’sgoingonintheprofessionaljournalismworld.“Ithinkwe’readaptingverywell…inmovingawayfromthatprintedition.Butit’schallenging.”saidJonathanCarter,astudentatNorthCarolinaStateUniversity.Sowhatshouldstudentnewspapersdo?LoMontesaidthebestsolutionwouldbeforuniversitiestofinancially(財經(jīng)的)supportstudentjournalism.Universityleadersliketotalkaboutproducingresponsiblestudents,hesaid,andjournalismisapartofthat.Inthemeantime,campusnewspapersarefiguringouttheirfinancialmodelsastheygoalong.BrucedePyssler,advisertoNorthCarolinaCentralUniversity’sCampusEchoNewspaper,saidhisstudentspostonestoryadayonline.Thebeststoriesareputtogetherforaonce-a-semesterprintedition.Andevenifstudentjournalistsdon’tgointomediajobs,Perelsaid,“They’vestillhadagreateducation.”“Thenumberonethingthatweteachiscriticalthinking(批判思考)andhowtobealifelonglearner,”shesaid,“Theoneswhoarelivingthroughthistransition(過渡)aretheonesthataregoingtobealotstrongerforitintheend.”4.Whatdomostcollegenewspapersdotofacethedarkreality?A.Improveprintingquality. B.Reduceprinteditions.C.Loweradvertisingfees. D.Increasepaperprice.5.WhatdoesLoMontesuggeststudentnewspapersdotosurvive?A.Askcollegesformoney. B.Continuewithpaperversions.C.Publishmoredigitaleditions. D.Createtheirownfinancialmodels.6.Whothinkscampusnewspapersaretryinganewfinancialmodel?A.JonathanCarter. B.LoMonte.C.BrucedePyssler. D.Perel.7.What’sthearticlemainlyabout?A.TheproudhistoryoftheDailyTarHeel. B.Studentnewspapersareadaptingwell.C.Schoolnewspapersareunderpressure. D.Howtorefreshtraditionalnewspapers.〖答案〗4.B5.A6.C7.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了美國大學報紙生存困難，面臨壓力的現(xiàn)狀?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“Mostcollegepapershavereducedtheirprinteditions.(大多數(shù)大學報紙已經(jīng)減少了它們的印刷版)”可知，面對黑暗的現(xiàn)實，大多數(shù)大學報紙都縮減了印刷版。故選B項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第四段中“LoMontesaidthebestsolutionwouldbeforuniversitiestofinanciallysupportstudentjournalism.(LoMonte說，最好的解決辦法是讓大學在經(jīng)濟上支持學生新聞工作)”可知，LoMonte認為大學報紙存活下去的最好辦法是得到學校的經(jīng)濟支持，從而推知，他建議大學報紙通過向大學要錢，得以繼續(xù)生存。故選A項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Inthemeantime,campusnewspapersarefiguringouttheirfinancialmodelsastheygoalong.BrucedePyssler,advisertoNorthCarolinaCentralUniversity’sCampusEchoNewspaper,saidhisstudentspostonestoryadayonline.(與此同時，校園報紙也在不斷摸索自己的財務(wù)模式?！侗笨_來納中央大學校園回聲報》的顧問BrucedePyssler說，他的學生每天在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布一篇報道)”可知，BrucedePyssler認為校報正在嘗試一種新的財務(wù)模式。故選C項?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)文章第一段中“StudentnewspapersacrosstheUSarefacingadarkreality.(美國各地的學生報紙都面臨著一個黑暗的現(xiàn)實)”以及“suchnewspapersarefindingithardtosurvive(這些報紙很難生存)”可推知，本文主要介紹了校報正面臨著很大壓力。故選C項。CAccordingtoastudypublishedthisweek,habitualnapping(打盹)appearstobeassociatedwithalargebrainvolumeinadultsalthoughexpertsstressedthatfurtherresearchwasneeded.Itreducesthecostcausedfromthelosttimeandthefatigue-relatederrors.Theworkfollowedpreviousstudiesthatsuggestedabriefdozecouldimprovepeople’sabilitytolearn.AriannaHuffington,aco-founderofHuffPostandthefounderandchiefexecutiveofThriveGlobal,said,“Giventhelatestscienceontheeffectivenessofnappingandtheclearlinkbetweenemployeesfeelingwellrestedandtheirproductivity,it’slongpasttimethatbusinessesembraceshortnapsatwork.”Somebusinesses,includingThriveGlobal,havealreadyintroducedfacilitiesforemployeestotakenaps.Googleintroducedsleeppodsasfarbackas2014andcompanieslikeNikeandBen&Jerry’sintroducednaprooms.ThepracticehasevenbeenadoptedbytheNHS,withagrowingnumberofhospitalsintroducingsleeppodsforstaffinanefforttohelpthemgetmorerest.Employees,itseems,areenthusiastic.SeanGreenwood,ofBen&Jerry’s,said,“Ifaquicknapgetsemployeesmoreinvolvedandcreative,we’rehappytoprovidethatforourteammembers.”Unfortunately,thepracticeofnappingstillsuffersfromourcollectiveconceptthatsleepequalsweaknessandlaziness.However,theperformance-enhancingbenefitsofnapshavebeennosecrettomanyleadersthroughouthistory.Italsogivesthehigher-upsthechancetoacknowledgethe24/7cultureandcomeupwithtop-downsolutionsthatencourageworkerstotakecareofthemselvesinandoutofwork.Whilesleepexpertsstressedthatadaytimedozecouldbebeneficial,theysaiditwascrucialtogetenoughshut-eyeattheendofaday.Itisthelatestageofsleep,sometimesmissedbyearlyrisers,thatstrengthensthenervecircuitsthatmakeforlearningandmemory,allowingthebraintomakeandconsolidatenewneutralconnections.Additionally,prioritizingsufficientsleepduringtheregularnightlysleepperiodisessentialforoverallwell-being.8.Whatisparagraph1mainlyabout?A.Workstress. B.Learningabilities.C.Aresearchfinding. D.Thebrainvolume.9.WhatisAriannaHuffington’sattitudetowardnapping?A.Dismissive. B.Approving.C.Unclear. D.Critical.10.Whyaresomanycompaniesmentionedinthepassage?A.Toadvocateenoughrest. B.Topraisecreativeemployees.C.Tocomparethedifferences. D.Topresentthecurrentsituation.11.Whatwillpossiblybediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Theapproachestoshut-eye. B.Theimportanceofnapping.C.Thesecretstowell-being. D.Thebenefitsofmemory.〖答案〗8.C9.B10.D11.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了午睡可以提高成年人的大腦容量，并有助于改善學習能力。許多企業(yè)已經(jīng)開始提供員工午睡的設(shè)施，員工認為這很有幫助。然而，午睡仍然在集體觀念中受到誤解，被認為是弱點和懶散的表現(xiàn)。睡眠專家指出，午睡確實對健康有益，但還是要優(yōu)先保證晚上足夠的睡眠。【8題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Accordingtoastudypublishedthisweek,habitualnapping(打盹)appearstobeassociatedwithalargebrainvolumeinadultsalthoughexpertsstressedthatfurtherresearchwasneeded.Itreducesthecostcausedfromthelosttimeandthefatigue-relatederrors.Theworkfollowedpreviousstudiesthatsuggestedabriefdozecouldimprovepeople’sabilitytolearn.(根據(jù)本周發(fā)表的一項研究，經(jīng)常打盹似乎與成年人大腦體積增大有關(guān)，盡管專家強調(diào)還需要進一步研究。打盹可以減少由于失去時間和疲勞導(dǎo)致的錯誤成本。該項研究跟隨之前的研究，表明短時間小睡可以改善人們的學習能力)”可知，本段主要講述了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“AriannaHuffington,aco-founderofHuffPostandthefounderandchiefexecutiveofThriveGlobal,said,“Giventhelatestscienceontheeffectivenessofnappingandtheclearlinkbetweenemployeesfeelingwellrestedandtheirproductivity,it’slongpasttimethatbusinessesembraceshortnapsatwork.”(HuffPost的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人、ThriveGlobal創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官AriannaHuffington表示：“考慮到最新的有關(guān)小睡效果的科學研究以及員工感覺煥發(fā)精神和生產(chǎn)力的明顯聯(lián)系，使企業(yè)接受在工作中短暫的小睡早就到了應(yīng)該的時候。”)”可推知，AriannaHuffington認為企業(yè)接受在工作中短暫的小睡早就到了應(yīng)該的時候，所以是贊同的。故選B項?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Somebusinesses,includingThriveGlobal,havealreadyintroducedfacilitiesforemployeestotakenaps.Googleintroducedsleeppodsasfarbackas2014andcompanieslikeNikeandBen&Jerry’sintroducednaprooms.ThepracticehasevenbeenadoptedbytheNHS,withagrowingnumberofhospitalsintroducingsleeppodsforstaffinanefforttohelpthemgetmorerest.Employees,itseems,areenthusiastic.SeanGreenwood,ofBen&Jerry’s,said,“Ifaquicknapgetsemployeesmoreinvolvedandcreative,we’rehappytoprovidethatforourteammembers.”(ThriveGlobal等企業(yè)已經(jīng)提供員工小睡設(shè)施。早在2014年，谷歌就推出了睡眠艙，而Nike和Ben＆Jerry’s等公司也推出了小睡室。連NHS也采納了這種做法，越來越多的醫(yī)院為員工提供小睡艙，以幫助他們獲得更多的休息時間。員工們似乎很熱衷于這種做法。Ben＆Jerry’s公司的SeanGreenwood說：“如果短暫小睡可以讓員工更有參與感和創(chuàng)造力，我們很樂意為我們的團隊成員提供這種服務(wù)?！?”可推知，文章中提到了這么多公司，是為了呈現(xiàn)當前的情況，也就是很多公司都已允許員工短暫小睡。故選D項?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whilesleepexpertsstressedthatadaytimedozecouldbebeneficial,theysaiditwascrucialtogetenoughshut-eyeattheendofaday.Itisthelatestageofsleep,sometimesmissedbyearlyrisers,thatstrengthensthenervecircuitsthatmakeforlearningandmemory,allowingthebraintomakeandconsolidatenewneutralconnections.Additionally,prioritizingsufficientsleepduringtheregularnightlysleepperiodisessentialforoverallwell-being.(盡管睡眠專家強調(diào)白天小睡可能有益，但他們表示，重要的是在一天結(jié)束時獲得足夠的睡眠。通常被早期起床者忽視的深度睡眠階段增強了構(gòu)建學習和記憶的神經(jīng)回路，允許大腦建立和鞏固新的中性連接。此外，在日常睡眠周期中優(yōu)先保證充足的睡眠對整體健康至關(guān)重要)”可知，本段講述了雖然白天小睡可能有益，但是更重要的是保證充足的睡眠。由此推知，接下來應(yīng)是講述保證充足睡眠的方法，也就是睡眠的方法。故選A項。DIt’softensaidthatwehumanbeingscandreaminaforeignlanguage.Coulddreaminginaforeignlanguageimproveourmemory?Doesdreaminginaforeignlanguagemeanwearemakingprogressinlearningthatlanguage?Beforewelookatmultilingual(多語言)dreams,firstweneedtolookatsleep.Theconnectionbetweensleepandlanguagecanbeappliedtohowwelearnanylanguage,includingournativelanguage.Evenadultsstilllearnaboutonenewwordeverytwodaysintheirfirstlanguage.But,ifwearegoingtorememberthatnewwordbetter,whatmattersisthatweneedtoconnectitwithwhatwehavelearned.Andinordertodothat,we“needtohavesomesleep”,saysGarethGaskell,aprofessorattheUniversityofYork.It’sduringsleepthattheintegration(整合)ofoldandnewknowledgehappens.Atmight,onepartofourbrain—thehippocampus—takeswhatevernewinformationitreceivesduringthedayandpassesitontootherpartsofthebraintobestored.Therolethatdreamsplayinthisnight-timelearningprocessisstillbeingstudied,but“it’sentirelypossiblethatduringmultilingualdreams,thebrainistryingtoconnectthetwolanguages”,saysMarc,aresearcheratauniversityinBern,Switzerland.Sohavingmultilingualdreamscouldmeanthatourbrainistryingtorememberanewwordorphrase.However,itcouldalsohaveanemotional(情感)significance.Danuta,aprofessorofpsycholinguisticsattheUniversityofSilesiainPoland,suggeststhatmultilingualdreamscanexpress“fearsorwishes”aroundlearningaforeignlanguage,includingthewishtobealocalspeakerortobeacceptedwithinacertaincommunity.Weclearlystillhavealottolearnaboutmultilingualdreams,butonethingseemscertain:ifyou’retryingtolearnanewlanguage,youcansleeponit.12.Whydoestheauthormentionquestionsinparagraph1?A.Tocomparedifferentideas. B.Tointroducethemaintopic.C.Topresentdifferenttypesofdreams. D.Todiscussthehumanlanguageability.13.Whatisthekeyelementinmemorizinganewwordaccordingtothetext?A.Theothernewwords. B.Thenativelanguage.C.Thegainedknowledge. D.Thespeakingpractice.14.Whatcanwelearnaboutmultilingualdreams?A.Theymayinfluencepeople’ssleepquality. B.Theycanreflectlanguage-learningfeelings.C.Theyarethebestoptiontolearnalanguage. D.Theyhelptoclearuptheuselessinformation.15.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A.Anovel. B.Adiary. C.Aguidebook. D.Amagazine.〖答案〗12.B13.C14.B15.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了睡眠和語言之間的聯(lián)系可以應(yīng)用于如何學習任何語言，包括我們的母語。多語夢境中，大腦試圖將兩種語言聯(lián)系起來，這有助于學習一門新的語言?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Coulddreaminginaforeignlanguageimproveourmemory?Doesdreaminginaforeignlanguagemeanwearemakingprogressinlearningthatlanguage?(用外語做夢能提高我們的記憶力嗎？夢見一門外語是否意味著我們在學習這門語言方面取得了進步？)”和第二段“Theconnectionbetweensleepandlanguagecanbeappliedtohowwelearnanylanguage,includingournativelanguage.(睡眠和語言之間的聯(lián)系可以應(yīng)用于我們?nèi)绾螌W習任何語言，包括我們的母語。)”以及下文的內(nèi)容可知，作者在第一段提出問題是為了介紹主題：睡眠和語言之間的聯(lián)系可以應(yīng)用于如何學習任何語言。故選B?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“But,ifwearegoingtorememberthatnewwordbetter,whatmattersisthatweneedtoconnectitwithwhatwehavelearned.(但是，如果我們要更好地記住新詞，重要的是我們需要把它和我們學過的東西聯(lián)系起來)”和第三段“Atmight,onepartofourbrain—thehippocampus—takeswhatevernewinformationitreceivesduringthedayandpassesitontootherpartsofthebraintobestored.(或許，我們大腦的一部分———海馬體——接受白天接收到的任何新信息，并將其傳遞給大腦的其他部分進行存儲。)”可知，根據(jù)文章記憶新單詞的關(guān)鍵要素是已經(jīng)獲得的知識，把新單詞和所學過的東西聯(lián)系起來就能計得更好。故選C。【14題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Danuta,aprofessorofpsycholinguisticsattheUniversityofSilesiainPoland,suggeststhatmultilingualdreamscanexpress“fearsorwishes”aroundlearningaforeignlanguage,includingthewishtobealocalspeakerortobeacceptedwithinacertaincommunity.(波蘭西里西亞大學心理語言學教授達努塔認為，多語言夢可以表達圍繞學習外語的‘恐懼或愿望’，包括希望成為本地人或被某個社區(qū)接受)”可知，關(guān)于多語夢，我們能了解到它們能反映語言學習的感受。故選B。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了睡眠和語言之間的聯(lián)系可以應(yīng)用于如何學習任何語言，包括我們的母語。多語夢境中，大腦試圖將兩種語言聯(lián)系起來，這有助于學習一門新的語言。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段講到“Danuta,aprofessorofpsycholinguisticsattheUniversityofSilesiainPoland,suggeststhatmultilingualdreamscanexpress“fearsorwishes”aroundlearningaforeignlanguage,includingthewishtobealocalspeakerortobeacceptedwithinacertaincommunity.(波蘭西里西亞大學心理語言學教授達努塔認為，多語言夢可以表達圍繞學習外語的‘恐懼或愿望’，包括希望成為本地人或被某個社區(qū)接受)”可知，本文是一篇有關(guān)于多語種夢境和語言學習之間的關(guān)系的文章，因此這篇文章最有可能來自一本雜志。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoSurviveaTsunamiontheBeachThewordtsunamiisfromJapanese.Itdescribesaseriesofwavesthatcanreachover100feettallandtravelatspeedsupto600milesperhouracrossthesea.Asinglewaveinatsunamicanbequitelong,asmuchas60miles,causinggreatdamage.____16____Yourbestchanceforsurvivingatsunamionabeachistopayattentiontothewarningsigns,stayawayfromtheshoreafteranearthquake,andgettohighland.Thenwaitforinformationfromdisasterresponsegroups.____17____Withyourfamily,discusshowyou’llreachtheevacuationarea(緊急疏散區(qū))assoonaspossible.Thesooneryouknowatsunamiiscomingthebetteryourchanceofmakingittohigherground.____18____·Headforhighground,getatleast100feetabovesealevel.·____19____·Don’tswimagainstthecurrent.Asyoulearnhowtosurviveatsunami,rememberthefirstwaveinaseriesofwavesisthesmallestandweakest.____20____Ifyou’reinaboatatthebeach,headoutintotheocean.You’llstandabetterchanceawayofsurvivalawayfromtheshoreline.A.That’swhyit’scrucialtoknowhowtosurviveaTsunami.B.Grabsomethinglikeatreeorsomethingthatfloat,likearaft.C.Thewavesfollowinganearthquakemaycontinueforhoursoruptoaday.D.That’swhyit’sessentialtolearntheearlywarningsignstosurviveatsunami.E.Ifit’stoolate,andthewater’salreadyrising,here’swhattodoinatsunami.F.Yourbestchanceforsurvivingatsunamionabeachistopayattentiontothewarningsigns.G.Whetheryou’revisitingorlivinginatsunamizone,learnwheretheclosestplaceisoutofthetsunami’sreach.〖答案〗16.A17.G18.E19.B20.F【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了如何在海灘上躲避海嘯?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)前文“ThewordtsunamiisfromJapanese.Itdescribesaseriesofwavesthatcanreachover100feettallandtravelatspeedsupto600milesperhouracrossthesea.Asinglewaveinatsunamicanbequitelong,asmuchas60miles,causinggreatdamage.(海嘯這個詞來自日語。它描述了一系列海浪，可以達到100英尺高，以每小時600英里的速度穿越大海。海嘯中的單個波浪可以很長，長達60英里，造成巨大的破壞。)”可知，此處是指海嘯非常可怕，所以學會如何在海嘯中幸存下來非常重要，所以選項A“這就是為什么知道如何在海嘯中生存是至關(guān)重要的?！鼻泻衔囊?。故選A?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Withyourfamily,discusshowyou’llreachtheevacuationarea(緊急疏散區(qū))assoonaspossible.(和你的家人商量怎樣才能盡快到達疏散區(qū)。)”可知，此處是指要事先了解海嘯的緊急疏散區(qū)，所以選項G“無論你是在海嘯災(zāi)區(qū)旅游還是居住，都要了解離海嘯最近的地方在哪里?！鼻泻衔囊狻９蔬xG?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Thesooneryouknowatsunamiiscomingthebetteryourchanceofmakingittohigherground.(你越早知道海嘯即將來臨，你就越有可能逃到高處。)”和后文“Headforhighground,getatleast100feetabovesealevel.(前往高地，至少在海平面以上100英尺。)”可知，此處是指如果已經(jīng)晚了應(yīng)該做什么，所以選項E“如果太晚了，而海水已經(jīng)在上漲，下面是在海嘯中該做的事情?！鼻泻衔囊狻９蔬xE?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Headforhighground,getatleast100feetabovesealevel.(前往高地，至少在海平面以上100英尺。)”和后文“Don’tswimagainstthecurrent.(不要逆水游泳。)”可知，此處是指海水已經(jīng)在上漲時在海嘯中該做的事情，且應(yīng)用祈使句，所以選項B“找一些像樹或者像木筏一樣可以漂浮的東西。”切合文意。故選B?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Asyoulearnhowtosurviveatsunami,rememberthefirstwaveinaseriesofwavesisthesmallestandweakest.(當你學習如何在海嘯中生存時，記住在一系列海浪中，第一波是最小和最弱的。)”和后文“Ifyou’reinaboatatthebeach,headoutintotheocean.You’llstandabetterchanceawayofsurvivalawayfromtheshoreline.(如果你在海灘上的船上，那就駛向大海。離開海岸線，你的生存機會更大。)”可知，此處是指如果在海灘上就要注意警報從而可以在第一波海浪中駛離海岸線，所以選項F“Yourbestchanceforsurvivingatsunamionabeachistopayattentiontothewarningsigns.(在海灘上躲過海嘯的最好機會就是注意警告信號。)”切合文意。故選F。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Inmoderncities,itisnowtimeasmuchasspacethatseparatesurbanfunctions,aspeople’slivesarelivednotonlytodifferenttimetables,butalsoatwildlydifferentrates.Themasstimetableoftheindustrialcity,with9-5officehoursandsilentSundays,hasgone.Inits___21___isflexi-time,part-timeworking,Sundayshoppingandthe24-hourcity.Europeancitiesare___22___thesechangesperhapsfasterthanBritishcities.InatleasthalfadozencitiesinItaly,___23___,youwillfindtheUfficiTempi--theOfficesofTime.Whattheydoistrytoreorganizetimemoreflexiblyinthecity,inordertomeetnewneeds.ThisisparticularlyrelevantforItalianwomen,anincreasingnumberofwhomhaveto___24___twotimetables:workandhome.UsuallylocatedintheMayor’soffice,theUfficiTempibringtogethertransportproviders,shop-owners,employers,tradeunions,thepoliceandotherservicestoseehowtheireffortsmightbebetter___25___.Themainaiminallthisistoincreasetheefficiencyandproductivityofthecity.Thiscanmeandelayingthestartingtunesinschools,officesandfactoriestoavoidrushhours,orhavingshopsopeninglaterinthedaybutclosinglatertoo.Onefurther___26___isthattherecanbemorepoliceaboutintheevening,patrollingthestreetswhenpeoplemostneedthem.InanumberofGermancities,peoplehavebeen___27___whetherthetimetableofthefuturecityshouldbe6x6or4x9--workinghours,thatis.Apparentlymaleworkersfavourafour-dayweek,whilewomenworkers,ontheotherhand,favour___28___shorterworkingdays.Thiswouldgiveemployeesmoretimeintheafternoontobewithchildrenortogettheshopping.The___29___forpublicservicestoadapttoourchanginglifestyleshasbeenquitedifficultforsomeofthestaffinvolved.___30___,wholikesworkingeveningsorSundays?Nevertheless,manycitycentresarenowopenforshoppingsevendaysaweek,andanumberofthemnowpromotethemselvesas‘24-hourcities’,wherethosewithmoneycandrink,eat,danceandevenshopthewhole___31___.Timeisflexible,butbuildingsaren’t.The___32___betweenthestructureofthecityanditsuses,overtime,isaseriousarchitecturalandplanningproblem.___33___hasbecomethekeyskill.Weareslowly___34___thetermsofdormitorysuburbsandindustrialdistricts,infavourofmixed-useareas,out-of-townretailingandworkingfromhome.Thereisnodoubtthatplanningtheoryisbeing___35___bythechangingnatureoftimeinthemoderncity.21.A.report B.side C.placeD.way22.A.stickingto B.respondingto C.objectingtoD.turningto23.A.forexample B.ontheotherhand C.bycontrast D.inthemeanwhile24.A.alter B.discuss C.understandD.balance25.A.spared B.harmonized C.directed D.appreciated26.A.method B.issue C.benefit D.excuse27.A.debating B.asking C.doubting D.revealing28.A.four B.six C.seven D.nine29.A.need B.ambition C.pity D.reason30.A.Aboveall B.Onthecontrary C.Afterall D.Byallmeans31.A.night B.day C.city D.area32.A.difference B.mismatch C.communication D.relationship33.A.Regulation B.Availability C.Adaptability D.Observation34.A.varying B.coming C.accepting D.abandoning35.A.presented B.proved C.established D.challenged〖答案〗21.C22.B23.A24.D25.B26.C27.A28.B29.A30.C31.A32.B33.C34.D35.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了在現(xiàn)代城市中，分隔城市功能的不僅是空間，還有時間，因為人們的生活不僅按照不同的時間表，而且以截然不同的速度進行。這個工業(yè)城市朝九晚五的辦公時間和安靜的周日，已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了。取而代之的是彈性工作時間、兼職工作、周日購物和24小時城市?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：取而代之的是彈性工作時間、兼職工作、周日購物和24小時城市。A.report報告；B.side一邊；C.place地方；D.way方式。根據(jù)上文“Themasstimetableoftheindustrialcity,with9-5officehoursandsilentSundays,hasgone.(這個工業(yè)城市朝九晚五的辦公時間和安靜的周日，已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了)”可知，上文提到朝九晚五的辦公時間和安靜的周日，已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了，所以取而代之的是彈性工作時間、兼職工作、周日購物和24小時城市。短語inone’splace表示“取代”。故選C。【22題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：歐洲城市對這些變化的反應(yīng)可能比英國城市更快。A.stickingto堅持；B.respondingto回應(yīng)；C.objectingto反對；D.turningto求助于。根據(jù)后文“thesechangesperhapsfasterthanBritishcities”指歐洲城市對這些變化的反應(yīng)。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：例如，在意大利至少六個城市，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)UfficiTempi——時間辦公室。A.forexample例如；B.ontheotherhand另一方面；C.bycontrast相比之下；D.inthemeanwhile同時。根據(jù)上文“InatleasthalfadozencitiesinItaly”可知，此處是在就歐洲城市對這些變化的反應(yīng)進行舉例說明。故選A。【24題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這對意大利婦女來說尤其重要，越來越多的婦女不得不平衡兩個時間表：工作和家庭。A.alter改變；B.discuss討論；C.understand理解；D.balance平衡。根據(jù)后文“twotimetables:workandhome.”指婦女不得不平衡兩個時間表：工作和家庭。故選D。【25題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：UfficiTempi通常設(shè)在市長辦公室，將運輸供應(yīng)商、店主、雇主、工會、警察和其他服務(wù)部門聚集在一起，看看如何更好地協(xié)調(diào)他們的努力。A.spared抽出；B.harmonized和諧；C.directed指導(dǎo)；D.appreciated欣賞。根據(jù)上文“transportproviders,shop-owners,employers,tradeunions,thepoliceandotherservices”此處指協(xié)調(diào)這些部門的努力。故選B?！?6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：另一個好處是，晚上可以有更多的警察在人們最需要的時候在街上巡邏。A.method方法；B.issue問題；C.benefit收益；D.excuse借口。根據(jù)后文“therecanbemorepoliceaboutintheevening,patrollingthestreetswhenpeoplemostneedthem.”可知，晚上可以有更多的警察在人們最需要的時候在街上巡邏是另一個好處，benefit符合語境。故選C?！?7題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在許多德國城市，人們一直在爭論未來城市的時間表應(yīng)該是6×6還是4×9——也就是工作時間。A.debating辯論；B.asking詢問；C.doubting懷疑；D.revealing揭示。根據(jù)后文“whetherthetimetableofthefuturecityshouldbe6x6or4x9--workinghours”可知，人們一直在爭論未來城市的時間表應(yīng)該是6×6還是4×9——也就是工作時間。故選A?！?8題詳析】考查數(shù)詞詞義辨析。句意：顯然，男性員工喜歡每周四天的工作制，而女性員工則喜歡縮短六天的工作制。A.four四；B.six六；C.seven七；D.nine九。呼應(yīng)上文“thetimetableofthefuturecityshouldbe6x6or4x9—workinghours”指男性員工喜歡每周四天的工作制，而女性員工則喜歡縮短六天的工作制。故選B。【29題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對于一些工作人員來說，需要公共服務(wù)來適應(yīng)我們不斷變化的生活方式是相當困難的。A.need需要；B.ambition抱負；C.pity同情；D.reason理由。根據(jù)后文“forpublicservicestoadapttoourchanginglifestyles”指需要公共服務(wù)來適應(yīng)我們不斷變化的生活方式，故選A?！?0題詳析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：畢竟，誰喜歡在晚上或周日工作呢？A.Aboveall尤其是；B.Onthecontrary相反地；C.Afterall畢竟；D.Byallmeans無論如何。上文提到公共服務(wù)來適應(yīng)我們不斷變化的生活方式是相當困難的，因為畢竟沒有人喜歡晚上或周日工作。故選C?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管如此，許多市中心現(xiàn)在每周7天開放購物，其中一些城市現(xiàn)在宣傳自己是“24小時城市”，在那里有錢的人可以喝酒、吃飯、跳舞，甚至整晚購物。A.night夜晚；B.day天；C.city城市；D.area區(qū)域。根據(jù)上文“anumberofthemnowpromotethemselvesas‘24-hourcities’,wherethosewithmoneycandrink,eat,danceandevenshopthewhole”可知，24小時城市，說明在那里有錢的人可以喝酒、吃飯、跳舞，甚至整晚購物。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著時間的推移，城市結(jié)構(gòu)與其用途之間的不匹配是一個嚴重的建筑和規(guī)劃問題。A.difference差異；B.mismatch錯配；C.communication交流；D.relationship關(guān)系。根據(jù)上文“Timeisflexible,butbuildingsaren’t.(時間是靈活的，但建筑不是)”可知，城市結(jié)構(gòu)與其用途之間存在不匹配問題。故選B。【33題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：適應(yīng)能力已成為關(guān)鍵技能。A.Regulation規(guī)章制度；B.Availability可用性；C.Adaptability適應(yīng)性；D.Observation觀察。上文提到城市結(jié)構(gòu)與其用途之間存在不匹配問題，即適應(yīng)能力不夠。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們正在慢慢地放棄郊區(qū)的宿舍和工業(yè)區(qū)，轉(zhuǎn)而青睞多功能區(qū)、城外零售業(yè)和在家工作。A.varying變化；B.coming來；C.accepting接受；D.abandoning拋棄。根據(jù)后文“infavourofmixed-useareas,out-of-townretailingandworkingfromhome.”可知，正在慢慢地放棄郊區(qū)的宿舍和工業(yè)區(qū)，轉(zhuǎn)而青睞多功能區(qū)、城外零售業(yè)和在家工作。故選D?！?5題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：毫無疑問，規(guī)劃理論正受到現(xiàn)代城市中不斷變化