2023-2024學(xué)年北師大版（2019）必修第三冊Unit 9 Learning Lesson 3The Secrets of Your Memory 學(xué)案

PartⅤLesson3TheSecretsofYourMemory學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)話題語境主動學(xué)習(xí)與學(xué)習(xí)方法課時詞匯arrangement,emotional,excitement,publish,sharp常用短語asaresult,takeiteasy,upto重點(diǎn)句式Thisisbecause...單詞巧練寫準(zhǔn)記牢Ⅰ.核心單詞練習(xí)：請根據(jù)所給的詞性和詞義寫出單詞1．________adj.急劇的；猛烈的；尖的，鋒利的2．________adj.適時的，及時的3．________adv.定期地4．________n.記憶5．________n.技巧，手法6．________n.計(jì)劃；安排7．________n.童年，兒童時代8．________adj.情感上的；情緒上的9．________n.興奮，激動10．________vi.&vt.出版；發(fā)表；刊登Ⅱ.常用單詞練習(xí)：根據(jù)句意和所給的首字母或中文提示寫出符合句中單詞的正確形式1．Ican'tgivemyapprovaltosuchan________(安排).2．Weunderstandtheterrible________(情感的)stressyouhavegonethrough.3．Collectthis________(定期地)duringpeakandoff-peakhours.4．Heinsistedondrivingstraighttotheapronwherethe________(直升機(jī))waswaiting.5．Thenew________(技巧)usedtoproducepowerhaslittleeffectontheenvironment.6．Hehasbeenaccustomedtothelifeinthemountainssincehisc________.7．Hearingthenews,shefeltastrangemixtureofe________andfear.8．Believingmynovelcouldnotbep________，Iputitaside.9．Pleaseequipyourselfwithas________pencilandarubberfortheexam.10．Withoutyourt________warning,wewouldhavebeenunawareofthedanger. ?第一版塊：重點(diǎn)單詞1.arrangementn．計(jì)劃；安排(教材P58)factsandarrangements事實(shí)和安排[合作探究]體會arrangement的用法和意義Theyaremakingarrangementsfortheparty.他們在為晚會做準(zhǔn)備。I'llmakearrangementsforsomeonetomeetyouatthestation.我將安排一個人去車站接你。Theymadeanarrangementtomeetattheschoolgateat3p．m..他們約定下午三點(diǎn)鐘在校門口見面。[用法歸納]makearrangements/anarrangementfor為……做安排arriveat/cometoanarrangement談妥，達(dá)成協(xié)議arrangesth.forsb.為某人安排某事arrangevt.&vi.安排，籌劃arrangetodosth.安排做某事；約定做某事arrangeforsb.todosth.安排某人做某事arrangewithsb.todosth.與某人約定做某事[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子/翻譯句子①Ifyouwanttosucceed,you'dbettermake________(arrange)forthefuture.②Mybossarrangedforme________(discuss)detailswithsomeonefromanothercompany.③Hearranged________metosearchforacollectionofrarestamps.④Nevermind.I'll________________________(為……安排)youtobemetattheairport.⑤我已經(jīng)安排湯姆代替我出席會議。________________________________________________________________________易錯提示：兩個特殊的動詞(1)表達(dá)“安排某人做某事”通常說arrangeforsb.todosth.，而不說arrangesb.todosth.(2)用demand來表達(dá)“要求某人做某事”也不同于“ask/begsb.todosth.”的形式，而是用“demandof/fromsb.todosth.”。如：Hedemandedof/frommetoshutthedoor.他要求我關(guān)上門。(而不說demandsb.todosth.)2.emotionaladj.情感上的；情緒上的(教材P58)Werememberthingsthathavestrongconnectionsinourmind,especiallyemotionalconnections.我們會記住與頭腦中有較強(qiáng)關(guān)聯(lián)的事情，特別是情感聯(lián)系。[用法歸納]emotionalharm情感傷害emotionn.強(qiáng)烈的感情；情緒；激情beovercomewithemotion激動得不能自持amixtureofemotions百感交集emotionallyadv.情緒上；情感上insb.'semotionaldevelopment在某人的情感發(fā)展過程中[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①M(fèi)yfamilyprovides________(emotion)supportwhenIfeelverypainful.②Hefinishedhisspeech________(emotion).③昨天瑪麗激動得不能自持。Mary________________________yesterday.④每次看到戈德斯坦的面孔，他都禁不住百感交集，痛苦異常。HecouldneverseethefaceofGoldsteinwithout________________________．典型例證：emotionn．[c，u]1．Loveisabeautifulemotion．愛是一種美好的感情。2．Thepoemisfullofemotion．這首詩歌飽含感情。3．Hehasdeepemotionsforhishometown.他對家鄉(xiāng)有很深的感情。4．Hespokeofhisdeadwifewithdeepemotion．他提到亡妻感慨萬分。3.excitementn．興奮，激動(教材P58)Thisisbecausewhenweexperiencethingsforthefirsttime,weoftenhavestrongfeelingsoffearorexcitement.這是因?yàn)槲覀兊谝淮谓?jīng)歷事物時，常常會產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的恐懼感或者興奮感。[合作探究]體會excitement的用法和意義Thenwhynotgotothecityforsomeexcitement？那你為什么不搬到城市去找些刺激呢？Theyjumpedupanddowninexcitement.他們興奮得跳來跳去。Hiseyeswerewildwithexcitement.他眼中流露出極度興奮的神情。[用法歸納](1)toone'sexcitement令某人興奮的是in/withexcitement(＝excitedly)興奮地(2)excitevt.使興奮，使激動；引起，激起excitedadj.興奮的，激動的excitingadj.令人興奮的，令人激動的(3)excitesb.toeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth.,sth.))鼓動/煽動某人做某事excitesth.insb.激起某人的興趣/嫉妒等excitesb.eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(torebel,torebellion))againstrulers煽動某人造反excitegreatinterestamongdoctors引起醫(yī)生的興趣excitepublicsuspicion引起公眾懷疑exciteenvy/admiration/greedinsb.引起某人的羨慕/愛慕/貪念[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子/翻譯句子①Whenseeinghislostsonreturnhomesafeandsound,hecouldn'thidehis________(excite).②Thechildrenwere________(excite)atthethoughtofthejourney.③Themarathonisan________(excite)eventinanyyear.④________________________(令我們興奮的是),theschoolboycouldsingtheEnglishsongsowell.⑤這條消息讓我很興奮。________________________________________________________________________詞語拓展：同源詞excited(adj.)的常見搭配：1.tooexcitedtodo...Hewastooexcitedtosleep.他興奮得睡不著覺。2．beexcitedaboutsth.I'mveryexcitedaboutthetrip.我對這次旅行感到很興奮。3．beexcitedtodosth.I'msoexcitedtoseesuchbeautifulscenery.看到這么美麗的風(fēng)景，我感到很興奮。4．beexcitedthat...WearesoexcitedthatwearegoingtoShanghai.要去上海了，我們非常興奮。4.publishvt.&vi.出版；發(fā)表；刊登；公布(教材P59)In1885,HermannEbbinghauspublishedabookcalledMemoryandpresentedafamousforgettingcurve.1885年，赫爾曼·艾賓浩斯出版了《關(guān)于記憶》，提出了著名的遺忘曲線。[用法歸納](1)publisharticlesinnewspapers/magazines在報刊上發(fā)表文章publishone'saccounts公布某人的賬目publishthedateformarriageofsb.公布某人結(jié)婚日期(2)publishsth.inEnglish用英語出版……publishsth.underone'srealname用真名發(fā)表……[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/翻譯句子①Thedictionaryisoutofdate:manywordshavebeenaddedtothelanguagesinceit________(publish).②Hisfirstnovel________(publish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.③Hewrotemanychildren'sbooks,nearlyhalfofwhich________(publish)inthe1990s.④1996年，他的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果在中國發(fā)表。________________________________________________________________________詞語拓展：publishern．出版者；出版商；發(fā)行者publicationn．出版；發(fā)表，公布；出版物publishingn．出版(業(yè))publishedadj.正出版的；正發(fā)表的5．sharpadj.急劇的，猛烈的；尖的，鋒利的；敏銳的；敏捷的；尖銳的；嚴(yán)厲的；清晰的(教材P59)Accordingtohim,thesharpestlossofmemoryoccursduringtheveryearlyperiodafterlearning.根據(jù)他的說法，最顯著的遺忘出現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)之后的最初階段。[用法歸納]asharpincrease急劇增加asharpturn急轉(zhuǎn)彎sharpteeth鋒利的牙齒asharppain一陣劇痛besharpwithsb.對某人嚴(yán)厲；對某人說話尖刻haveasharptongue說話刻薄[即學(xué)即練]完成句子/單句語法填空①Nowadays,thereis________________________(急劇增加)inchildren'screativity,fortheyaregreatlyencouragedtodeveloptheirtalents.②He________________________(對……說話尖刻)mewhenIwaslate.③Aseverybodyknows,she________________________(說話刻薄).④—Whatisthepriceofpetrolthesedays?—Oh，ithasrisen________(sharp)sincelastmonth.⑤Theyalsomadetoolsofbonesand________(sharp)stones.詞語拓展：sharplyadv.急劇地；嚴(yán)厲地fallsharply急劇下降sharpenv．使增強(qiáng)；使提高；使變鋒利sharpenern．磨具；削具6．convincev．(1)使確信；使相信；使信服(2)說服，勸服(某人做某事)[用法歸納]convincesb.ofsth.使某人信服……convincesb.todosth.說服某人做某事convincesb.that...使某人確信……beconvincedofsth.確信……beconvincedthat...確信……[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Iam________(convince)thatyoursuggestionscanhelpmeout.②________(convince)thatthegovernmentcanleadthemoutofthefinancialcrisis,peopleareoptimisticaboutthefutureofthecountry.③His________(convince)wordsfinallyconvincedme,andIwas________(convince)thathewasinnocent.④你要使他們相信你殷切希望得到這份工作。You'llneedto________________________yourenthusiasmforthejob.⑤我相信誠實(shí)的重要性，它將有助于建立一個溫暖而和諧的社會。I________________________theimportanceofhonesty,whichwillcontributetobuildingawarmandharmonioussociety.⑥我確信印刷媒體常常會比電視更準(zhǔn)確、更可靠。I________________________theprintmediaareusuallymoreaccurateandmorereliablethantelevision.⑦他們試圖說服他支持他們。Theytriedto________________________supportthem.詞語拓展：convincedadj.堅(jiān)信不疑的；感到確信的convincingadj.令人信服的；有說服力的7.challengevt.向(某人)挑戰(zhàn)；對……懷疑/質(zhì)疑n．挑戰(zhàn)；艱巨任務(wù)[用法歸納](1)challengesb.tosth.向某人挑戰(zhàn)某事/邀請某人參加某事challengesb.todosth.向某人挑戰(zhàn)做某事/要求某人做某事faceachallenge面對挑戰(zhàn)meetthechallenge迎接挑戰(zhàn)risetothechallenge接受挑戰(zhàn)；奮起應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)takeupthechallenge應(yīng)戰(zhàn)(2)challengingadj.有挑戰(zhàn)性的；考驗(yàn)?zāi)芰Φ腫即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Itwasadirectchallenge________thepresident'sauthority.②Scienceismymost________subjectasmystudentshavenoconceptofdoingexperiments.③午飯后凱麗提出和我進(jìn)行一場網(wǎng)球比賽。AfterlunchKelly________________________agameoftennis.④一旦我讀完一本書，我就會挑戰(zhàn)自己用三句話總結(jié)全文。OnceIfinishabook,I________________________thetextinjustthreesentences.⑤學(xué)校必須迎接新技術(shù)的挑戰(zhàn)。Schoolsmust________________________ofnewtechnology.⑥環(huán)境的破壞是我們所面臨的最嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)之一。Destructionoftheenvironmentisoneof________________________weface.詞語用法拓展：challengesb.tosth.＝invitesb.todosth.e．g.challengesb.toagame邀某人參賽challengesb.todosth.＝invite/asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事e．g.Hechallengedmetofight.他要我和他打斗。challengesb.'sauthority/righttodosth.對某人做某事的權(quán)力/權(quán)利提出質(zhì)疑challengesb.(1)考驗(yàn)?zāi)橙?挑戰(zhàn)某人(2)盤問某人challengesth.考驗(yàn)?zāi)呈?，懷疑某事的正確性8.imaginevt.想象；設(shè)想[用法歸納](1)imaginedoingsth.想象做某事imaginesb./sth.as...把……想象為……imaginesb.sth.把某人想象為……imaginesb.tobe...把某人想象為……imaginesb.doingsth.想象某人做某事(2)imagine(that)想象……(3)imaginewhat/why/how想像一下什么/為什么/怎么做(4)imaginationn.想象力；想象imaginaryadj.想象中的，幻想的，虛構(gòu)的imaginableadj.可想象的[即學(xué)即練]選詞填空(imagine/imaginary/imaginable/imagination)①Canyou________whatitmustbeliketoloseyourjobafter20years?②Itdoesn'ttakemuch________toguesswhatshemeant.③Allthecharactersinthisbookare________．④It's________thatknowledgeplaysanimportantrolethroughourlife.⑤ButlaterIknewthatyourbearingisfarbeyondmy________．典型例證：1．Sheimaginedlivingbythelake,drawingsomepictureseveryday.她想象住在湖邊，每天畫些畫。2．Iimaginedtheparktobebiggerthanitis.我本來以為這個公園還要大一些。3．Youcan'timaginehowbusyIwas.你無法想象我有多忙。4．Imaginethatyouarelyingonabeachandlisteningtothesoundofwaves.想象你躺在沙灘上，聽著波浪的聲音(的生活)。?第二版塊：重點(diǎn)短語1.asaresult作為結(jié)果(教材P58)Asaresult,werememberthemmuchbetter,asretellingeventshelpsfixexperiencesinourmemories.重復(fù)事件能加強(qiáng)我們對事件的印象，結(jié)果是我們能更好地記住這些經(jīng)歷。[合作探究]Hegotupverylatetoday.Asaresult,hemissedthefirstbus.他今天起晚了，結(jié)果沒趕上頭班車。Hewaslateasaresultofthesnow.由于大雪他遲到了。Thebadweatherresultedinthetrafficjam.壞天氣導(dǎo)致了交通阻塞。②rewardsb.for(doing)sth.with...用……來報答/酬謝某人(做)某事典型例證：1．Hereceivedamedalinreward/returnforhisbravery.他因表現(xiàn)勇敢而獲得了一枚獎?wù)隆?．①Isthishowyourewardmeformyhelp？你就這樣來報答我對你的幫助嗎？②Sherewardedhimforhishelpwithasmile.她對他的幫助報之一笑。Hissuccessresultedfromhishardwork.努力工作造就了他的成功。[用法歸納]asaresult作為結(jié)果(后接結(jié)果)asaresultof作為……的結(jié)果，由于(后接原因)resultin導(dǎo)致，造成(后接結(jié)果)；引起……resultfrom由……引起；起因于(后接原因)[即學(xué)即練]完成句子/單句語法填空①Hehadsomebadfish.________________________(結(jié)果),hefeltillthismorning.②Hecan'ttakepartinthesportsmeeting________________________(由于)hisseriousinjuriesinanaccident.③Hislazinessresulted________hisfailure;thatistosay,hisfailureresulted________hislaziness.④Wearestilldealingwithproblems________(result)fromerrorsmadeinthepast.詞語聯(lián)想：①inrewardfor...＝inreturnfor...因?yàn)椤璦saresultof因?yàn)閛naccountof因?yàn)閠hanksto...由于owingto...由于2.upto多達(dá)；直到；能勝任(教材P59)Atthatpoint,wecanrememberupto200piecesofinformationinasecond.此時，我們可以在一秒鐘內(nèi)記住多達(dá)200條信息。[用法歸納]upto一詞多義：(1)(數(shù)量或數(shù)目)多達(dá)upto1，000people多達(dá)一千人(2)直到(某個時刻或日期)uptonow直到現(xiàn)在(3)能勝任beuptotheimportantjob勝任這一重要工作(4)忙于；從事于(壞事)；正在做(秘密或不該做的事)beuptowritinganovel正在寫小說beuptosomemischief正在搗鬼(5)由……決定；是某人的義務(wù)beuptoyou(todosth.)由你決定(做某事)[即學(xué)即練]寫出句中upto的意思/完成句子①Idon'tfeelup__tothetask.________②HeknewBaileywasup__tosomething.Butwhat？________③Theystayedthereup__to7daysaweek.________④Michaelisnotreally________________________(勝任)thejobasanarchitect.⑤Thechildrenareveryquiet.Iwonder______________________(他們在搞什么鬼).⑥—Whatshallwedotonightthen?—________________________(由你決定).典型例證：1．Thetruckcancarryupto30tons.這輛貨車能拉多達(dá)30噸。2．UptonowI'vereadallhisbooks.到現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)把他的書都讀完了。3．Whatareyouuptotonight？今晚你干什么呢？4．It'suptoyoutodecidewhattodonext.該由你來決定下面做什么了。3.takeiteasy別緊張；放輕松(教材P60)Sotakeiteasy.Youareatagoodageintermsofyourmemory.Makegooduseofit！所以不要緊張。在記憶力方面你正處在好的年齡，要充分利用這一點(diǎn)！[合作探究]Takeiteasy.Theremustbenoproblemwiththat.Ibelieveyoucanmakeit.別緊張，肯定沒有什么問題的。我相信你一定能成功的。Takeyourtime.Youhaveplentyoftimetofinishit.你可以慢慢來。你有足夠的時間完成它。Ifyoutakethisassignment,takeitseriouslyandreadtheinstructions.如果你接受了這個任務(wù)，嚴(yán)肅對待它并閱讀說明書。Itakeitforgrantedthatparentsshoulddoeverythingforus,whichiswrong.我想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為父母應(yīng)該為我們做好一切，其實(shí)這是錯誤的。Mayshealsotakeyouasaveryimportantfriend？她也會拿你當(dāng)作很重要的朋友嗎？[用法歸納]takeback收回(說錯的話)takedown寫下，記下takein欺騙；領(lǐng)會；吸收；理解；收留；包括takeon雇用；呈現(xiàn)；承擔(dān)takeoff取下；脫下；休假；突然開始成功；起飛takeone'stime別著急；慢慢來take...for/as/tobe...把……看作……4．Ifinditeasytogetthebookfromthelibruary.我發(fā)現(xiàn)在圖書館借到這本書很容易。(代替不定式作形式賓語)5．ItwaswithgreateffortthatIboughtthebookyesterday.昨天我費(fèi)了好大勁兒才買到這本書。(It用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)6．Itisnousedoingsth.做……沒用Itisnogooddoingsth.做……沒好處(代替動名詞作形式主語)7．Itisthreeyearssincehecamehere.他來這兒三年了。(固定句型中作主語)takeaway拿走；帶走；使消除takedown取下；記下；拆除takeover接收；接管takeapart拆開；拆卸takeup占用(時間)，占據(jù)(空間)；開始從事(新工作)；對某事產(chǎn)生興趣；繼續(xù)takesth.seriously嚴(yán)肅對待某事；重視某事take...forgranted認(rèn)為……理所當(dāng)然[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Take________easy.Peter,I'llhelpyouout.②Idon'tsupposeIwilltake________toomuchofyourtime.③Chinahastaken________anewlookinthepastfewyears.④Therearestilltwohoursbeforeourplanetakes________，sotakeyourtime.⑤Don'tbetaken________byproductsclaiming(聲稱)tohelpyoutoloseweightinaweek.⑥Youneedn'ttake________whateveryourteachersaysatclass.⑦Eventheexpertstookthepainting________agenuinePicasso.⑧I'lltake________whatIjustsaid.⑨Wetookthecomputer________toseewhatwaswrong.⑩Manybusinessesstartedupbycollegestudentshavetaken________thankstothecomfortableclimateforbusinesscreation.?Rogerstook________paintingforawhile,butsoonlostinterest.名師提醒：it用法：it常用來作形式主語、賓語和用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。如：1．ItisnecessarytolearnEnglishwell.有必要學(xué)好英語。(代表不定式作形式主語)2．ItisreportedthattheyarepayingavisittoRussia.據(jù)報道他們正在對俄國進(jìn)行訪問。(代表that從句在句中作形式主語)3．Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththemouthfulloffood.我討厭人們吃飯時說話。(形式賓語)?第三版塊：重點(diǎn)句式1．Thisisbecause...這是因?yàn)椤?教材P58)Thisisbecausewhenweexperiencethingsforthefirsttime,weoftenhavestrongfeelingsoffearorexcitement.這是因?yàn)槲覀兊谝淮谓?jīng)歷事物時，常常會產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的恐懼感或者興奮感。[合作探究]Tomwasabsentfromclass.Thatwasbecausehewasill.湯姆沒來上課，那是因?yàn)樗×?。Tomwasill.Thiswaswhyhewasabsentfromclass.湯姆病了，這就是他缺課的原因。ThereasonwhyTomwasabsentfromclasswasthathewasill.湯姆沒來上課的原因是他生病了。Thereasonthat/whichTommadeupforbeingabsentfromclasswasthathewasill.湯姆編造的他沒來上課的理由是他生病了。[用法歸納]It/This/Thatisbecause...這/那是因?yàn)椤?because后接原因)It/This/Thatiswhy...這/那就是……的原因(why后接結(jié)果)Thereasonwhy...isthat...……的原因是……(why引導(dǎo)定語從句)Thereasonthat/which...isthat...……的理由是……(that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句)[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Hefellasleepduringthelecture.Thiswas________hegotboredwithit.②Thereason________hemissedthebuswasthathegotuplate.③Hefailedtheexamagain.Thereasonwas________hewastoocareless.④Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.________________________(這是因?yàn)?aboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.⑤Headmittedthathisfatherwasstrictwithhim.________________________(那就是為什么)hemadesomanyachievements.⑥他如此才華橫溢是因?yàn)樗x了很多書。________________________heissobrilliantis________hereadmanybooks.句式分析：Thisisbecause...“這是因?yàn)椤?，because引導(dǎo)表語從句。名師點(diǎn)撥：because,as,since1．because語氣最強(qiáng)，用以回答why引起的提問，可表示已知或未知的事實(shí)。它可和強(qiáng)調(diào)詞only,merely,just及否定詞not連用，所引導(dǎo)的從句常置于主句之后，只有強(qiáng)調(diào)時才置于主句之前。它還可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。2．a(chǎn)s語氣最弱，較口語化。所表達(dá)的原因比較明顯，或是已知的事實(shí)，故不需要強(qiáng)調(diào)。as從句之前不可用強(qiáng)調(diào)詞和not，且不可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。as從句多置于主句之前。3．since語氣也比較弱，常表達(dá)對方已知的事實(shí)，往往相當(dāng)于漢語的“既然”。它和as一樣，其前不可用強(qiáng)調(diào)詞和not，亦不可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。4．for和上述三個從屬連詞不同，它是一個等立連詞，即連接并列句。它有時可用來作附加說明，為前面的事實(shí)提供一種推斷的理由。如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨天一定是下雨了，因?yàn)榈孛媸菨竦摹?.“do/does/did＋動詞原形”構(gòu)成對謂語動詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)句[用法歸納]“do/does/did＋動詞原形”構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句，意為“確實(shí)，的確”，用來加強(qiáng)謂語動詞的語氣，但須符合以下條件：(1)句子是肯定句；(2)句子的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時；(3)只能用來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞，若強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、賓語、表語、狀語等，則應(yīng)用Itis/was...that...進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。[即學(xué)即練]完成句子①我的確希望如此，因?yàn)槲蚁胱屇愫臀乙粯踊畹媒】甸L壽。I________________________becauseIwantyoutoliveaslongandhealthyalifeasIhave.②如果你有一份工作，一定要全身心地投入，最終你會成功的。Ifyouhaveajob,________________________yourselftoitandfinallyyouwillsucceed.③讓我高興的是，這個活動看起來就是我一直在尋求的。Tomydelight,theactivity________________________exactlylikewhatI'mlookingfor.④她確實(shí)告訴過我她的地址，但我全忘了。She________________________meaboutheraddress,butIforgotallaboutit.名師提醒：英語中對謂語動詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)只限于句子的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時，如果句子時態(tài)是完成時、將來時或進(jìn)行時，語態(tài)是被動語態(tài)時，則不能對謂語進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。3.“形容詞比較級＋than...”，意為“比……更……”[用法歸納]“形容詞/副詞比較級＋than”表示“兩者中一方比另一方更……”；“l(fā)ess＋形容詞/副詞原級＋than”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“一方不及另一方……”。三個或三個以上的人或事物比較，表示最高程度時，用“the＋最高級＋比較范圍”表示。形容詞比較級前一般不用冠詞，但如果出現(xiàn)表示范圍的短語時，就需要加定冠詞，“the＋形容詞比較級”指兩者中“較……的”那一個。在某個特定范圍內(nèi)，同類事物對比，可用以下比較級結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義：比較級＋than＋theother＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞比較級＋than＋anyother＋單數(shù)名詞比較級＋than＋anyoftheother＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞[即學(xué)即練]完成句子①在因特網(wǎng)上查找信息比在圖書館里查找更方便。SeekinginformationontheInternetis________________________searchinginalibrary.②教育的長度不及寬度重要，人生的長度不及深度重要。Thelengthofeducationis________________________itsbreadth,andthelengthoflifeis________itsdepth.③中國是亞洲最大的國家。也就是說，它比亞洲任何其他國家都大。Chinais________________________countryinAsia.That'stosay,itis________________________anyothercountryinAsia.④兩個男孩中較高的那位是我哥哥。________________________ofthetwoboysismybrother.⑤長江比中國的其他任何一條河都長。TheYangtzeRiveris________________________anyotherriver/thanalltheotherrivers/thananyoftheotherriversinChina.典型例證：1．ThereasonJohnmakesbettergradesthanBobisthathehasmoreambition.約翰比鮑伯成績更好的原因是他更有上進(jìn)心。2．Myphilosophyisthatweshouldalwayshelpthosewhoarelessfortunatethanus.我的人生觀就是我們應(yīng)努力幫助那些不如我們幸運(yùn)的人。3．Juliaistallerthananyothergirlinherclass.＝Juliaistallerthantheothergirlsinherclass.＝Juliaistallerthantherestofthegirlsinherclass.朱麗葉是班上最高的女生。4．Heisthebetterofthetwoboys.他是那兩個男孩中較好的。4.as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句和非限定性定語從句(用作從屬連詞或關(guān)系代詞)[用法歸納](1)因?yàn)?；由?引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句)(2)照……方式(引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句)(3)當(dāng)……時；隨著(引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句)(4)盡管；雖然；即使(引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)(5)正如；如同(引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句)[即學(xué)即練]完成句子①因?yàn)樵谙掠?，所以我們不去公園了。________________________，weshallnotgotothepark.②按照要求做，否則你將被開除。Do________________________，oryou'llbefired.③隨著眼淚從他藍(lán)色的大眼睛里滾落下來，男孩立刻沉默下來。Theboyimmediatelyfellsilent________________________fromhisbigblueeyes.④眾所周知，《極品飛車》是一部很成功的電影。________________________，NeedforSpeedisaverysuccessfulfilm.⑤盡管我很尊重他，但我還是不同意他的建議。________________________，Ican'tagreetohisproposal.名師點(diǎn)撥：as用法小結(jié)：1．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，此時as語氣較弱，通常譯為“由于”。2．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，譯為“當(dāng)……時”，“隨著……”，“一邊……一邊”。3．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，譯為“依照……”，“按照……方式”。4．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，譯為“盡管，雖然，即使”。5．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，譯為“正如；如同……那樣”。6．a(chǎn)s...as...和……一樣；thesame...as如同；such...as/so...as如此……以至于……?第四版塊：單元語法——主謂一致主謂一致是指謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須與主語保持一致。主謂一致主要有三個原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。(1)語法一致原則是指主語和謂語在語法形式上保持一致：主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(2)意義一致原則是指從意義上著眼來解決主謂一致問題。有時主語在形式上并非復(fù)數(shù)，但有復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞便用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，主語在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，而在意義上可視為單數(shù)，謂語動詞也用單數(shù)。(3)就近一致原則是指謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。1.語法一致原則[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子(1)①M(fèi)anyastudent________(be)onthespotwhentheaccidenthappened.②Morethanoneperson________(be)againsttheproposal.(2)Oneofthesestudents________(be)fromAmerica.(3)①Oneofthestudentsinourclass________(be)Canadian.②Heisoneofthestudentswho________(be)fondofcountrymusic.③Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho________(have)agiftfortheperformance.④Tomistheveryoneofthestudentsinourclasswho________(have)blueeyes.(4)①Herglassesboughtinthesupermarket________(be)new.②Thispairofscissors________(belong)tothetailor.(5)①Staringatsomeone________(be)impolite.②Whathesaid________(be)trueandwhatwebadlyneed________(be)goodteachers.③Referringtothedictionary________agoodhabitinEnglishlearning.(6)①Steve,togetherwithhiswife,________(move)offtonight.②Theteacheraswellasthestudents________(like)thispainting.(7)①Believeitornot,everyonehere________(have)agiftformusic.②Eachteacherand(each)student________(give)aticketyesterday.③Noteacherandnostudent________(listen)tothelecturenow.(8)①JimandMary________(是專家)incancerresearch.②Jim,togetherwithMary________(去)toShanghaitomorrow.學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥：1．不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋單數(shù)謂語；可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語。2．單個的不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。3．主語后跟with/togetherwith/alongwith/like/inadditionto/aswellas/including/ratherthan/besides/except/but等連接的詞語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語保持一致。4．each,either,neither及some-，any-，no-，every-＋單數(shù)謂語。5．manya/morethanone＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋單數(shù)謂語。6．oneof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋單數(shù)謂語。誤區(qū)警示(1)：①oneof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋定語從句(復(fù)數(shù)謂語)②theonly/veryoneof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋定語從句(單數(shù)謂語)2.意義一致原則[用法歸納](1)集體名詞(表整體概念)＋單數(shù)謂語；集體名詞(強(qiáng)調(diào)個體)＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語。常用的集體名詞有army,audience,class,club,committee(委員會),company,crowd,family,group,government,organisation,party,population,public,team等。(2)由and或both...and連接的兩個名詞或代詞后跟復(fù)數(shù)謂語。(3)“all/most/half/plenty/some/therest＋of＋名詞/代詞”或“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)＋of＋名詞/代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞常與of后的名詞或代詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。(4)anumberof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語；thenumberof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋單數(shù)謂語。alargequantityof/largequantitiesof后跟不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞與quantity的數(shù)保持一致。(5)none(指代可數(shù)名詞)＋單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)謂語；none(指代不可數(shù)名詞)＋單數(shù)謂語。(6)表示時間、金錢、距離、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語。(7)以-s結(jié)尾的書刊名、組織名、國家名以及以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名＋單數(shù)謂語。(8)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的形式要根據(jù)意義確定。常見的這類詞有sheep,deer,fish,crossroads,means,series,species,works(工廠)等。(9)“the＋形容詞/分詞”表示一類人時，后跟復(fù)數(shù)謂語；表示抽象概念時，后跟單數(shù)謂語。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子(1)①Theclass________(study)Englishnow.②Myfamily________(be)allmusiclovers.③Thepolice________(look)intotheaccident.④Warmclothing________(be)necessaryincoldclimates.⑤Allthefurniture________(move)toanotherroom.(2)①Breadandbutter________(be)whatweusuallyhaveforbreakfast.②BothMarkandhisparents________(sit)intheshadeofatreeatthattime.③Thesingeranddancer________(welcome)warmlybythelocalpeople.④ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureontheWesternculture,butwhenandwhere________(notdecide)yet.(3)①Anumberofreasons________(lead)tothechangeofclimate.②Thenumberofpeopleinvited________(be)fifty,butanumberofthem________(be)absentfordifferentreasons.③Largequantitiesofinformation,aswellassometimelyhelp,________(offer)sincetheorganisationwasbuilt.(4)①Noneofthemoneyinthedrawer________(be)mine.②Noneoftheboys________(invite)totheparty.(5)①Twentyyears________(be)alongtime.②Twenty-fivedollars________(be)toolittletopayforthatshirt.(6)①Everypossiblemeans________(try).②Allpossiblemeans________(try).(7)①Therestofthemoney________________________(被鎖在保險箱里).②Fiftypercentofthestudents________________________(通過了這次考試).③Allwhowerepresent________________________(都沉默著).(8)①TheUnitedNations________________(是一個世界性組織).②TheNiagaraFalls________________________(是最著名的瀑布之一)intheworld.(9)①Therich________(贊成)thedecisionbutthepoor________(反對)it.②Everyoneagreesthebeautiful________________(并不總是有用的).誤區(qū)警示(2)：(1)有生命的集體名詞(people,police,cattle等)＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語。(2)無生命的集體名詞clothing,equipment,furniture,jewellery,machinery,scenery等＋單數(shù)謂語。誤區(qū)警示(3)：當(dāng)and連接的兩個名詞在意義上指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。這時and后的名詞前不加冠詞。誤區(qū)警示(4)：當(dāng)all,most,half,plenty,some,therest等單獨(dú)作主語時，主謂一致要遵循意義一致原則，即根據(jù)其所表示的單復(fù)數(shù)意義，確定謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。誤區(qū)警示(5)：以-s結(jié)尾的群島、瀑布、山脈等作主語時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3.就近一致原則[用法歸納](1)由or,either...or...,nor,neither...nor...,whether...or...,not...but...,notonly...butalso...等連接的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。(2)therebe句型中，be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與最靠近它的名詞保持一致。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空(1)①Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher________(know)thereasonwhyshebehavedstrangely.②NotonlyIbutalsohe________(look)downuponthosewhoalwaysrelyonothers.③Notyoubutyourfather________(be)toblame.(2)①There________apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.②There________sixboysandonegirlontheplayground.MemoryexpertJemimaGryaznovanswerssomeofthemostcommonquestionsaboutmemory.1WhycanIrememberevents①inmychildhood②butnotwhathappenedlastweek?Werememberthingsthathavestrongconnections③inourmind【1】，especially④emotional⑤connections.Childhoodmemoriesareoftenveryemotional.Thisisbecausewhenweexperience⑥thingsforthefirsttime⑦，weoftenhavestrongfeelingsoffearorexcitement⑧【2】.Also,interestingorfunny⑨storiesfromourchildhoodareoftentoldagainandagain⑩.Asaresult?，werememberthemmuchbetter,asretelling?eventshelpsfix?experiencesinourmemories【3】．【1】thathave...為定語從句，that在從句中作主語，因?yàn)閠hat代替的先行詞things是復(fù)數(shù)，所以從句中謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。【2】【3】asretellingeventshelps...是as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句；retellingevents是動名詞短語作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；fix...是省略to的不定式作賓語，也可不省略。Whatcanwelearnfromallthis?Whenrememberingsomethingnew【4】，trytoconnectitto?ouremotions.Itisimportanttoconnectitwith?whatwealreadyknow【5】.Also,wecantrytoretellwhatwehavelearnttoafewothers.【4】Whenrememberingsomethingnew是時間狀語從句的省略，When后面省略了youare?！?】It是形式主語，真正的主語是不定式短語toconnect...;whatwealreadyknow是賓語從句，作介詞with的賓語。2Dosomepeoplereallyhaveaphotographic?memory?Apersonwithaphotographicmemory【6】couldremembereverydetail?ofapicture,abookoraneventmanyyearslater,butnoonehasproved?thattherearepeoplewhoreallyhavephotographicmemories【7】.Yet,therearesomepeoplewhodohaveamazing?memories.Forexample,DanielTammetcanrememberthefirst22,514digits?ofpi(π)?andStephenWiltshirecandrawadetailedeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))pictureofacityfrommemoryafterflyingovereq\o(○,\s\up1(22))itinahelicoptereq\o(○,\s\up1(23)).Theyarebothgoodateq\o(○,\s\up1(24))rememberingparticulareq\o(○,\s\up1(25))thingsforalimitedeq\o(○,\s\up1(26))time.【6】withaphotographicmemory是with短語作定語，修飾Aperson?！?】that...memories是動詞prove的賓語從句；在賓語從句中又包含who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞people,who在從句中作主語。Asmostofusdonothaveamazingmemorieslikethem【8】，whenmemorisingeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))detailedlearningmaterials【9】，wesimplyeq\o(○,\s\up1(28))needtofocusoneq\o(○,\s\up1(29))theimportantideasandbecuriousabouteq\o(○,\s\up1(30))whatwelearn.Askingquestionsaboutwhatwelearn【10】alsohelpswitheq\o(○,\s\up1(31))memorisationeq\o(○,\s\up1(32)).Anothereffectiveeq\o(○,\s\up1(33))techniqueeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))torememberthingsistogroupeq\o(○,\s\up1(35))similarideasorinformationtogethersothattheycanbeeasilyconnectedtothingsthatarealreadyknown【11】．【8】Asmostofusdonot...是as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，as意為“因?yàn)椤薄！?】whenmemorising...是狀語從句的省略，when后面省略了weare?！?0】Askingquestions...是動名詞短語作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；whatwelearn是名詞性從句，作介詞about的賓語?！?1】3WhydoIforgetthenewwordsthatIlearntyesterday【12】？Don'tworry.Thisisnaturaleq\o(○,\s\up1(36))formanypeople.In1885,HermannEbbinghauspublishedeq\o(○,\s\up1(37))abookcalledMemory【13】andpresentedeq\o(○,\s\up1(38))afamousforgettingcurveeq\o(○,\s\up1(39)).Accordingtoeq\o(○,\s\up1(40))him,thesharpesteq\o(○,\s\up1(41))▲TheForgettingCurvelosseq\o(○,\s\up1(42))ofmemoryocc