Unit+4+Adversity+and+courage+Reading+and+Thinking+詞匯講解課件【高效課堂精研】高中英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第三冊

XB3Unit4ADVERSITYANDCOURAGEWordsandexpressions

readingandthinkingadversity/?d?v??s?ti/wage/we?d?/bitter/?b?t?(r)/expedition/?eksp??d??(?)n/endurance/?n?dj??r?ns/vigour/?v?ɡ?(r)/turnsbdownqualified/?kw?l?fa?d/enthusiastic/?n?θju?zi??st?k/aboard/??b??d/cupboard/?k?b?d/assign/??sa?n/steward/?stju??d/envy/?envi/crush/kr??/sink/s??k/abandon/??b?nd?n/stove/st??v/blanket/?bl??k?t/belongings/b??l????z/banjo/?b?nd???/miserable/?m?z(?)r?bl/readingandthinkingvoyage/?v???d?/navy/?ne?vi/decent/?di?s(?)nt/cosy/?k??zi/selfish/?self??/good/bad-tempered/?temp?d/genuine/?d?enju?n/persevere/?p??s??v??(r)/perseverance/?p??s??v??r?ns/resolve/r??z?lv/resolution/?rez??lu??(?)n/readingandthinkingP85-P89turnsbdown拒絕（某人）qualified/?kw?l?fa?d/enthusiastic/?n?θju?zi??st?k/assign/??sa?n/envy/?envi/abandon/??b?nd?n/belongings/b??l????z/resolve/r??z?lv/resolution/?rez??lu??(?)n/SectionⅠReadingandThinking?

??

?turn

sb(賓格)

down

拒絕（某人）【TBP38】However,whenIappliedtojointheexpedition/?eksp??d??(?)n/,Shackletonturnedmedown

becausehethoughtIwastooyoungandwasn’tqualified/?kw?l?fa?d/.【中譯英】然而，當(dāng)我申請加入這次探險時，沙克爾頓卻拒絕了我，因為他認(rèn)為我太年輕，不具備資格。applytodosth.申請做某事【apply-applied-applied】expedition/?eksp??d??(?)n/n.【C,pl-s】探險；遠(yuǎn)征；探險隊qualified/?kw?l?fa?d/adj.符合資格；具備……的知識（或技能、學(xué)歷等）turn

to

求助于（turntosbforhelp）；翻到（書的某頁）；轉(zhuǎn)向turn

out

結(jié)果是(tobe)；證明是turnup

開大；出現(xiàn)；露面turnover

翻過來；移交turnone’sbackonsb/sth

對某人/某事置之不理；背棄某人/某事【佳句】

WhenIturned

tohimforhelp，heturned

me

downwithouthesitation，whichmademeontheverge（極限，邊緣）

ofcrying.當(dāng)我向他求助時，他毫不猶豫地拒絕了我，這讓我差點哭了。?

?turn

sb(賓格)

down

拒絕（某人）①Hepromisedtocometoday，buthehasn’tturned

up

?yet.②Itturned

out

?thatheturnedhisback

on

?myproposal/pr??p??z(?)l/提議，建議，求婚.③Havingundergonesomethingmiserable，hedidnotfallasleep入睡，turning

over

?inbedfromtimetotime時不時，偶爾.【寫美】一句多譯④結(jié)果是這項工作比我們想的要難?！鶷hejob

turnedouttobeharderthanwethought

?.

→It

turnedoutthatthejobwasharderthanwethought

?.

up

out

on

over

turnedouttobeharderthanwethought

turnedoutthatthejobwasharderthanwethought

hard,difficult,challenging/?m?zr?bl/adj.

痛苦的，使人難受的?

?qualified

/?kw?l?fa?d/adj.符合資格；具備……的知識（或技能、學(xué)歷等）【派生】qualify

/?kw?l?fa?/vt.&vi.（使）具備資格；（使）合格qualification/?kw?l?f??ke??(?)n/

n.【C】資格；資歷；資格證書【U】合格【固搭】（1）bequalifiedforsth

有資格獲得某物bequalifiedtodosth

有資格做某事

【beadj.todo】（2）qualify(vt.)sbtodosth

使某人有資格做某事【佳句】

①AsfarasIamconcerned，thecleverandgood-temperedyoungmanis

qualified

toacceptthejob.②Thetrainingcourse訓(xùn)練課程qualifiesyoutobe/asa

drivinginstructor駕駛教練.單句語法填空①Iholdthestrongbeliefthat(我堅信)Iamqualified

for

?thepositionadvertisedinthenewspaper.②Thetestwillqualifyyou

tocarry

?

（carry）out執(zhí)行thetaskindependently.

③Theyounggirlhasthe

qualifications

?

（qualify）toteachEnglish.for

tocarry

qualifications

一句多譯④他正在尋找一個能勝任這項工作的人?！鶫eislookingforaperson

qualifiedforthejob

?.

→Heislookingforaperson

qualifiedtodothejob

?.

qualifiedforthejob

qualifiedtodothejob

havethequalificationsforsth./todo

有資格做某事?

?enthusiastic

/?n?θju?zi??st?k/adj.熱情的；熱心的【TBP38】ButIwasso

enthusiasticabouttheideaofgoingalongwiththemthatIsecretlywentaboardhisship，theEndurance，andhidinasmallcupboard.【中譯英】但是，滿懷著想要與他們同赴南極的熱情，我偷偷地爬上了他的“堅忍”號輪船，躲在一個小櫥柜里。aboard/??b??d/adv./prep.在（船、飛機、火車等）上；上endurance/?n?dj??r?ns/n.[U]持久力，忍耐力cupboard/?k?b?d/n.櫥柜，衣柜；壁櫥hide-hid-hidden?

?enthusiastic

/?n?θju?zi??st?k/adj.熱情的；熱心的【派生】enthusiastically

adv.熱情地enthusiasm/?n?θju?zi?z?m/n.【U】熱情

enthusiast/?n?θju?zi?st/n.愛好者【固搭】beenthusiasticabout對……充滿熱情enthusiasmfor單句語法填空①You’llneedtoconvincethemofyour

enthusiasm

?

（enthusiastic）

forthejob.②Thereportsaidvisitorsweremoreenthusiastic

about

?travellingbycar.完成句子③Toourdisappointment，

helosthisenthusiasmforthesport

?aftertheaccident.

令我們失望的是，事故發(fā)生后他對這項運動失去了熱情。enthusiasm

about

helosthisenthusiasmforthesport

convincesb.ofsth./todosth.使某人相信某物,說服某人去做某事enthusiamforsth/fordoingsth?

?assign

/??sa?n/vt.分派；布置；分配【TBP38】

Heassignedmetobeasteward/?stju??d/，andInowservemealsfor

twenty-eightmen，threetimesaday.【中譯英】他指派我擔(dān)任服務(wù)員，我現(xiàn)在為28名船員供應(yīng)一日三餐。【派生】assignment

/??sa?nm?nt/n.【C】（分派的）工作；任務(wù)【U】【固搭】assignsth.tosb.

把……分配給……assignsbtodosth

派某人做某事

onassignment受委派，在執(zhí)行任務(wù)中【佳句】①Madisonwasassignedtoinvestigate/?n?vest?ɡe?t/調(diào)查atrafficaccident.②Ihavealotofreadingassignmentstocomplete.steward/?stju??d/n.【C，pl-s】（飛機、火車或船上的）乘務(wù)員；服務(wù)員crew/kru?/n.

（輪船、飛機等上面的）全體工作人員；專業(yè)團隊，一群人beassignedtodo被指派做某事語法填空①DuringtheTreePlantingDay，ourmonitorassignedaspecifictask

to

?eachstudent.Iwasassigned

todig

?

（dig）thepitsandmydeskmate’s

assignment

?

（assign）wastoputsoilintothepits.

完成句子②Theteacher

hasassignedaholidaytasktoeachofus

?.

教師已經(jīng)給我們每個人都分配了一項假期任務(wù)。to

todig

assignment

hasassignedaholidaytasktoeachofus

【派生】assignment

/??sa?nm?nt/n.【C/U】（分派的）工作；任務(wù)【固搭】assignsth.tosb.

把……分配給……assignsbtodosth

派某人做某事

onassignment受委派，在執(zhí)行任務(wù)中?

?assign

/??sa?n/vt.分派；布置；分配adversity/?d?v??s?ti/

n.困境;逆境inadversity在困境/逆境中inadilemma處于窘境introuble處于麻煩中inneed在危難/貧困中各種“工資”的表達(dá)pay n.(工作所得的)薪水，工資，報酬wage/we?d?/n.（wages）(按小時或者按周付的）工資salary/?s?l?ri/n.月薪或年薪earningsn.（可靠的、固定的）收入incomen.

收入、收益(設(shè)法掙得的非固定)bitter/?b?t?(r)/

adj.嚴(yán)寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的bittercoldabitterwind嚴(yán)寒刺骨寒風(fēng)Sheisverybitteraboutlosingherjob.她丟掉了工作，心里很不服氣。Blackcoffeeleavesabittertasteinthemouth.清咖啡在嘴里留下苦味。sour/?sa??(r)/adj.酸的

sweetadj.甜的spicy/?spa?si/adj.辣的salty/?spa?si/adj.咸的vigour/vigor

/?v?ɡ?(r)/

n.精力，力量，活力【派生】vigorous/?v?ɡ?r?s/adj.

精力充沛的;充滿活力的;強健的bevigorous=beenergetic=bedynamic=be（full）ofenergy/vigour(in)adversitywage(wages)[工資pay:wage,salary;收入earnings/income]bitter[sour,sweet,bitter,spicy,bitter]expedition（pl-s）：on~toendurancevigour(n.)-vigourous(adj.=beofvigour)turnsbdownqualified(forsth/todosth.):qualify-qualification(pl-s)enthusiastic(about):enthusiastically-enthusiasm(for)-enthusiastaboardcupboard?

?envy

/?envi/

n.【U】&vt.【-ies;-ied】

羨慕；妒忌【TBP38】

HoweveryonewillenvymewhenIcomebackandtellthemabouttheamazingplacesIhavebeento！

【派生】envious

/?envi?s/adj.羨慕的；忌妒的【固搭】（1）n.【U】羨慕；妒忌；令人羨慕的人（或事物）envyof/at...(對...的)羨慕；妒忌;betheenvyof...

成為(令...)羨慕/妒忌的對象(be)greenwithenvy

非常妒忌；非常眼紅（2）vt.羨慕；妒忌envysb（doing）sth

羨慕/妒忌某人（做）某事envysb.sth.=envysb.forsth.【中譯英】等我回來，當(dāng)我告訴每個人我去過的那些神奇的地方，大家該會多羨慕我?。尉湔Z法填空①Ienvyyou

having

?

（have）suchaclosefamily.②Ifyouare

envious

?

（envy）ofsomeone，youwantsomethingthattheyhave.完成句子③Sheis

theenvyofallherfriends

?.

她所有的朋友都羨慕她。having

envious

theenvyofallherfriends

envysb（doing）sth羨慕/妒忌某人（做）某事

beenviousof

羨慕/妒忌某人/某物betheenvyof...

成為(令...)羨慕/妒忌的對象?

?abandon

/??b?nd?n/vt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄

n.【U】放任；放縱【TBP38】

Beforeweabandonedtheship，Shackletoncalmlycalledustogetherandtoldustorescueourmostessentialsupplies—thesmallboats，ourfood，thecookstove，candles，clothes，andblankets.【中譯英】在我們棄船之前，沙克爾頓鎮(zhèn)定地把大家召集在一起，告訴我們要搶救最需要的供給品——小船、食物、炊具、蠟燭、衣服和毛毯。essential/??sen?(?)l/必不可少的

：essentialsupplies必需品stove/st??v/

n.

爐具；廚房灶具blanket/?bl??k?t/n.

毯子【派生】abandonedadj.

被遺棄的；放縱的【固搭】vt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄

（1）abandondoingsth

放棄做某事abandononeselfto

【介詞】...

沉溺于……，縱情于……（3）beabandoned(adj.)to【介詞】

（doing）

沉溺于……n.【U】放任；放縱（2）withabandon

放縱地，放任地?

?abandon

/??b?nd?n/vt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄

n.【U】放任；放縱【練透】單句語法填空①Thegirlsjumpedupanddownandwavedtheirarms

with

?abandon.②Theyabandoned

carrying

?

（carry）outtheplanforlackofmoney.【寫美】一句多譯③他沉溺于在線游戲，這極大地影響了他的學(xué)業(yè)?！?/p>

Heabandonedhimselftoonlinegames

?，whichhadaverybadeffectonhisacademicperformance.

→

Hewasabandonedtoonlinegames

?，whichhadaverybadeffectonhisacademicperformance.

with

carrying

Heabandonedhimselftoonlinegames

Hewasabandonedtoonlinegames

對...有很不好的影響?

?belongings/b??l????z/

n.[pl.]

財物；動產(chǎn)【TBP38】

Wewerenotallowedtotakemostofourpersonalbelongings，andShackletonhimselfthrewawayallhisgold.【中譯英】我們絕大部分的個人物品都被禁止攜帶，沙克爾頓自己則扔掉了他所有的黃金。【固搭】personalbelongings

私人財物【派生】（3）belongvi.屬于：belongto屬于……；是……的成員（不用于進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)）（2）belonging

n.歸屬：

asenseofbelonging

歸屬感單句語法填空①Whenhejoinedtheclub，hefeltasenseof

belonging

?

（belong）.②I’dliketohavealookatthetoys

belonging

?

（belong）toyou.③Lookafter照顧，照看yourpersonal

belongings

?

（belong）whilewaitingforthebus.完成句子④Thebeautifulnecklace

belongstomymother

?，whowearsitforspecialoccasions.

這條漂亮的項鏈?zhǔn)俏覌寢尩?，她在特殊場合戴著它。belonging

belonging

belongings

belongstomymother

crush/kr??/

vt.

毀壞；壓壞；壓碎

n.

擁擠的人群get/becrushed

by

被擠壓（壞）了becrushed(adj.壓碎的，搗碎的)todeath被擠壓死abigcrush擁擠不堪的人群sink

vi.沉沒;下沉;下降vt.

使下沉;使沉沒sink---sank/sunk---sunk

sinkinthewest/behindtheclouds（太陽）在西邊、云后面落下

sinkintothemud/chair/seat陷入泥濘中/；坐到椅子、座位上

one’sheartsink

某人心沉下去(=losehope)banjo/?b?nd???/

n.班卓琴（樂器）assign/??sa?n/(~to~)-assignment(pl-s)steward-stewardessenvy(n./vt.)(of)-envious(adj.)crush(v.)-crushed(adj.)sink/-sank/sunk(過去式)-sunk(過去分詞)(with)abandon（n./vt.）-abandoned(adj.)tostoveblanketbelongings:belong(to)-(asenseof)belonging(playthe)banjomiserable(adj.)-miserably(adv.)?

resolve/r??z?lv/vi.&vt.決定；決心；解決（問題或困難）

n.【U】決心；堅定的信念【TBP38】Theirgenuine/?d?enju?n/

concernforothers，theirperseverance/?p??s??v??r?ns/，andtheirresolvefillmewithhope.【中譯英】他們對別人的真心關(guān)懷、他們的鍥而不舍以及堅定的信念，讓我充滿希望?！竟檀睢縭esolution

n.【C】決議；決心(resolve)【U,settlement】解決【派生】resolvetodosth=havearesolutiontodosth決定做某事resolveon

決定/決心……genuine/?d?enju?n/adj.真正的，真誠的，可信賴的concernfor對...的關(guān)心

perseverance/?p??s??v??r?ns/

n.毅力，不屈不撓的精神單句語法填空①Theyresolved

on

?thatdaytocelebratehersuccess.②Thegovernmentispressingforanearly

resolution

?

（resolve）ofthecrisis.完成句子③She

resolvednottotell

?himthetruth.

她決定不告訴他真相。④Hewasdesperatetomoneyto

resolvehisfinancialproblems

?.

他迫切需要錢來解決他的經(jīng)濟問題。on

resolution

resolvednottotell

resolvehisfinancialproblems

desperate/?desp?r?t/adj.不顧一切的；渴望的，絕望的重點句型解構(gòu)?

?句型公式：as引導(dǎo)狀語從句【TBP38】

Endurancebecamestuck卡住的

intheiceas

we

approached

Antarctica.在我們靠近南極時，“堅忍”號卡在了冰里。（1）as用作連詞，可以引導(dǎo)時間狀從、原因狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、方式狀語從句。（2）as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句“盡管，即使”時，句子用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。①Asthecraftsman工匠，手藝人

cameintotheclassroom，wegavehimawarmwelcomeandtwoboyshelpedhimwiththetoolbox.當(dāng)那位工匠走進教室時，我們熱烈歡迎，兩個男孩幫他拿工具箱。②Talented

as

he

is，heisnotyetreadytoturnprofessional.雖然他很有天賦，但他還沒有準(zhǔn)備好成為職業(yè)運動員。語境辨義①Theysangsongsastheyweredoingfarmwork.

當(dāng)……時候

②Ashewasn’treadyintime，wewentwithouthim.

因為，由于

③We’dbetterleavethingsastheyareuntilthepolicearrive.

像；按照?完成句子④

Talentedassheis

?，sheremainsmodest.

盡管她很有才華，但她很謙虛。⑤

Angryashewas

?，hecouldn’thelpsmiling.

盡管他很生氣，他還是忍不住笑了。當(dāng)……時候

因為，由于

像；按照Talentedassheis

Angryashewas

1.adv.:as...as...2.conj.:當(dāng)...時；正如；按照；盡管；因為3.prep.像；作為，成為讓步狀語從句：although不可倒裝though可倒可不倒as必須倒，提前：狀語或作表語的“名動形副”?

?句型公式：too

...to

...太……而不能……【TBP38】

Soonafterwearrived，ShackletonleftustofindhelponSouthGeorgiaIsland，1，320kilometresaway—thevoyage/?v???d?/wastoodangerousanddifficultforallofusto

makeitinoursmallboats.【中譯英】我們來到此處之后不久，沙克爾頓就離開我們，前往1，320公里之外的南喬治亞島尋求幫助——這一航行對于我們所有人而言太危險、太艱難了，乘坐小船，肯定無法每個人都到達(dá)。voyage/?v???d?/n./vi.航海；航行（journey；trip;tour）soonafter...在......不久makeit

成功做到、達(dá)到（1）表示否定意義：“too＋形容詞/副詞（forsb）＋todosth”，意為“(對某人而言)太……而不能……”。（2）表示肯定意義，“非常”：too...to...用來修飾表達(dá)人的態(tài)度、情緒傾向的形容詞，如anxious、eager、glad、happy、pleased、ready、willing等時，（3）can’t/cannever+v.原+too...意為“再怎么……也不過分”。?

?句型公式：too

...to

...太……而不能……單句語法填空①Thetaskheassignedtomewastoodifficultforme

tofinish

?

（finish）beforethedeadline截止日期.

②Iamtooglad

tolearn