小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解-動(dòng)詞

PAGEPAGE5動(dòng)詞一、動(dòng)詞的概念：表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、行為等的詞叫動(dòng)詞。二、動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)：英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞分為連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）四大類(lèi)。1.連系動(dòng)詞：這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞通常表示特征、情感、變化等的狀態(tài)，不可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和后面的表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，才能充當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連系動(dòng)詞主要有：be(am,is,are),look(看起來(lái)),feel(感到),smell(聞起來(lái)),become(變成),get(變得)等。如：1.Myfatherisadoctor.2.Thekitelookslikeacat.3.Thehamburgersmellsverydelicious.4.Itgetswarmerandwarmerinspring.2.助動(dòng)詞:這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞本身無(wú)意義，在句子中不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，需要和行為動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)或語(yǔ)態(tài)，并幫助行為動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成否定句或疑問(wèn)句。常見(jiàn)的助動(dòng)詞主要有：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中的助動(dòng)詞有：do和does。如：(1)Idon’tgotoschoolonSaturdayandSunday.(2)She/Hedoesn’tgotoschoolonSaturdayandSunday.(3)DoyougotoschoolonSunday?(4)DoesshegotoschoolonSunday?(5)Whatdoyoudo?(6)Whatdoesshe/hedo?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中的助動(dòng)詞有：be(am,is,are)。如：(1)Iamplayingping-pongnow.(2)She/Heisplayingping-pongnow.(3)Weareplayingping-pongnow.(4)Iamnotplayingping-pongnow.(5)She/Heisn’tplayingping-pongnow.(6)Wearen’tplayingping-pongnow.(7)Areyouplayingping-pongnow?(8)Isshe/heplayingping-pongnow.(9)Whatareyoudoingnow?(10)Whatisshe/hedoing?一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)中的助動(dòng)詞有：begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)中的be(am,isare),will和shall。如：(1)Iamgoingtoswimtomorrow.(2)She/Heisgoingtoswimtomorrow.(3)Wearegoingtoswimtomorrow.(4)Iamnotgoingtoswimtomorrow.(5)She/Heisn’tgoingtoswimtomorrow.(6)Wearen’tgoingtoswimtomorrow.(7)Areyougoingtoswimtomorrow?(8)Isshe/hegoingtoswimtomorrow?(9)Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?(10)Whatisshe/hegoingtodotomorrow?(11)Iwillswimtomorrow.(12)Iwillnotswimtomorrow.(13)Shallweswimtomorrow?(14)Whatwillyoudotomorrow?一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中的助動(dòng)詞有：did.如：(1)Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterday.(2)Didyougotoschoolyesterday?(3)Whatdidyoudoyeaterday?3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)，雖然他們有一定的詞義，但是在句子中也不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，變成否定句在他們后面加not,變成疑問(wèn)句把他們提到主語(yǔ)的前面。常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can/could(能、會(huì));may(可以);must(必須);will/would(愿意);shall/should(應(yīng)該).如：(1)Icanplaysoccer.(2)MayIhelpyou?(3)Youmustdoyouhomeworknow.（4）Wouldyouliketoplaywithus?(5)Weshouldnotbelateforschool.4.行為動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）：這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，具有實(shí)際的意義，能在句子中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)，也叫實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。如：say,sing,swim,help,want等。三、動(dòng)詞的形式絕大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都有五種基本形式：動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞。a.行為動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則：1.一般情況下在動(dòng)詞后加s。如：look-looks,like-likes,live-lives,play-plays2.以x,s,sh,ch,o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加es。如：pass-passes,wash-washes,brush-brushes,watch-watches,catch-catches,teach-teaches,touch-touches,do-does,go-goes.3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y改為i再加es。如：fly-fliescry-cries4.have的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式是has.b.行為動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式的變化規(guī)則：一般情況下，直接在動(dòng)詞末尾加ing。如：look-looking,play-playing,sing-singing

2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing。如：make-making,leave-leaving,come-coming3.末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞，雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping,shop-shopping,swim-swimming,skip-skipping4.以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把ie改為y再加ing。如：lie-lyingc.行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的變化規(guī)則：1.一般情況在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed.如：look-looked,miss-missed,play-played,2.以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接在詞尾加d.如：arrive-arrived,3.末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞，雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped,shop-shopped

4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加-ed，如：study-studiedd.不規(guī)則的行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式：（同學(xué)們要逐個(gè)記牢?。?.完全不規(guī)則：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,go-went,see-saw,say-said,have-had,fly-flew,speak-spoke,buy-bought,bring-brought,think-thought,teach-taught,eat-ate,lie-lay,can-could,will-would,take-took.2.改變其中的元、輔音字母：give-gave,get-got,forget-forgot,come-came,run-ran,sing-sang,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,ride-rode,swim-swam，shine-shone,grow-grew,find-found,win-won,lose-lost,make-made,know-knew.3.原形和過(guò)去式同形：read-read,put-put,hit-hit,hurt-hurt,cost-cost動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)題一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)形式:a.寫(xiě)出下列行為動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)形式(單三式):look-cook-listen-come-pass-brush-wash-watch-teach-catch-go-do-cry-fly-have-b.寫(xiě)出下列行為動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式：look-read-listen-play-laugh-sing-ski-jump-eat-cry-fly-have-dance-make-take-come-leave-arrive-skate-run-sit-put-get-hit-swim-begin-shop-skip-lie-c.寫(xiě)出下列行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式：look-miss-play-ask-answer-arrive-live-cry-study-stop-am\is-are-do-go-have-see-buy-bring-think-teach-say-eat-lie-can-will-give-come-swim-grow-take-run-find-win-lose-make-sing-hurt-hit-read-put-二、選擇正確的答案：()1.JennyandI_______inCanada.A.livesB.livingC.liveD.lived()2.LiMingis_____toCanada.A.comeB.comingC.comesD.came()3.Didyou_____agoodtrip?A.haveB.hasC.hadD.having()4.I’ll___youtheroomsinmyhouse.A.showingB.toshowC.showD.shows()5.Youcan_yourhandsinthebathroom.A.washesB.washedC.washD.washing()6.Please____methepeas.A.passingB.topassC.passD.passes()7.JennyandDannywant____TV.A.towatchB.watchingC.watchesD.watched()8.Jennyusually____asandwichforlunch.A.eatB.ateC.eatsD.eating()9.Howmanylines_____atriangle?A.makeB.makesC.makingD.made()10.Let’s_______atriangleforalways.A.puttingB.putsC.putD.toput()11.Ilike____inthesun.A.sitB.tositC.sitsD.siting()12.Onaholiday,people___walk.A.doesn’tB.don’tC.aren’tD.isn’t()13.Jenny___aChristmastreetoschoolyesterday.A.bringB.bringsC.broughtD.isbring()14.Iamgoing______toschool.A.walkB.towalkC.walkingD.walks()15.Wouldyoulike_______toplayping-pong.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learns()16.Iam______theballtoJenny.A.hittingB.hitC.hitsD.hiting()17.Theyusually___eachotherasport.A.teachingB.toughtC.teachD.teaches()18.He______basketballforfunonSunday.A.playsB.playC.playingD.played()19.Everyone_____tobestrongandhealthy.A.wantedB.wantsC.wantD.wanting()20.Iseesomepeople_____kites.A.flyB.flyingC.toflyD.flies()21.Who___Bob?A.isB.amC.areD.be()22.Canyoufindsomepeople______cards?A.playingB.playC.playedD.plays()23.Howoften____theyeatbreakfastlastweek?A.doesB.doC.didD.doing()24.Beforebreakfasthe______hishands.A.washB.washesC.towashD.washed()25.Jennyis______up.A.wakeB.towakeC.wakingD.wakeing()26.SaturdayandSunday_____