Unit2單元話題閱讀精練(閱讀理解15篇七選五5篇)(譯林版2020)

Unit2Natureinthebalance(譯林版2020必修第三冊)單元話題閱讀精練(閱讀理解15篇+七選五5篇)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024上·內(nèi)蒙古烏蘭察布·高一統(tǒng)考期末)TheYellowRiveristhecradleofChina’scivilization.Andfloodcontrolandpreventionhavealwaysbeenkeytothewellbeingofthepeoplelivingalongit.Now,scientistscanbetterworkontheseissuesbygivingtheriveradigitaltwin.ThedigitaltwinoftheYellowRiverusesvarioustechnologies,includingbigdata,artificialintelligence,andtheinternetofthings.Devices(設(shè)備)setupalongtherivercollectandtransmitinformationtothecenter.Basedontheinformation,a3Dmodeloftheriverispresentedontheputerscreen.It’sliketheYellowRiverhasatwinthatreflectsitsrealconditions.Onebigbreakthroughintheriver’sdigitalgovernance(治理)is“smartstones”.AccordingtoWangQin,aleadresearcherattheInformationCenterofYellowRiverHenanBureau,asmartstoneisawaterproofstoneshapeddevicewithchips,abattery,andasignaltransmitter.Theyareburiedinimportantdike(堤壩)locationstorecordandreportthemovementofdikestones.“Uponfeelingmovementofthedikestones,thesmartstonesendsanalarmtothecenterforquickresponse,”Wangsaid.“Inthepast,researchershadtolearntheconditionsofthedikeonthespotbythemselves,puttingtheirlivesatrisk,”saidZhaoXiaofromthebureau.“Nowthesmartstonescandothisforus,moresafely,quickly,andaccurately.”Andinthesky,drones(無人機)areflying.Ontheroutesdesignedbyengineers,thedronesbeeexpertpatrollers(巡邏員)oftheriver,lookingatitsdikesandfloodpreventionprojects.AccordingtoShenLinfromtheYellowRiverConservancymission,thankstothedrones,researchersatthemandcentercangetfirsthandphotosandinformation.“Researchersthenupdatethe3Dmodelaccordingtothechangesthedronesreported.Thenewlyupdatedmodelhelpsustestourfloodwaterreleaseplansincaseweeverneedtobattendownthehatches(未雨綢繆),”saidShen.Underthewaterandupinthesky,intelligencesystemsarehelpingtoprotecttheYellowRiverBasinonallfronts.AccordingtotheMinistryofWaterResources,inthefuture,wecanexpecttoseetheconstructionofanevenmoreprehensivedigitalsystemforthisimportantriver.1.WhatisthemainpurposeofcreatingadigitaltwinoftheYellowRiver?A.Toconducthistoricalresearch.B.Tocreateavirtualtouristattraction.C.Toraisepublicawarenessofriverprotection.D.Toimprovefloodcontrolandpreventionefforts.2.Howdothesmartstonescontributetotheriver’sdigitalgovernance?A.Theyrecordwaterquality.B.Theyimprovetheriver’sbeauty.C.Theymonitorandreportdikemovements.D.Theyserveasmarkersforimportantlocations.3.WhatisoneofthefunctionsofdronesinthedigitalgovernanceoftheYellowRiver?A.Entertainingtourists. B.Collectinginformationondikeconditions.C.Patrollingandtakewildlifephotos. D.Testingwaterquality.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prehensive”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.plete. B.Basic. C.Beautiful. D.Natural.【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了黃河數(shù)字孿生體的創(chuàng)建目的、運行方式和發(fā)展。1.細節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“Andfloodcontrolandpreventionhavealwaysbeenkeytothewellbeingofthepeoplelivingalongit.Now,scientistscanbetterworkontheseissuesbygivingtheriveradigitaltwin.(洪水的控制和預(yù)防一直是生活在這條河上的人們幸福生活的關(guān)鍵?，F(xiàn)在，科學(xué)家們可以通過給河流一個數(shù)字孿生體來更好地解決這些問題。)”可知，創(chuàng)建黃河數(shù)字孿生體的主要目的是加強防洪工作。故選D。2.細節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中“Theyareburiedinimportantdike(堤壩)locationstorecordandreportthemovementofdikestones.(它們被埋在重要的堤壩上，以記錄和報告堤壩石塊的運動。)”可知，智能石頭監(jiān)測和報告堤防的運動。故選C。3.細節(jié)理解題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Ontheroutesdesignedbyengineers,thedronesbeeexpertpatrollers(巡邏員)oftheriver,lookingatitsdikesandfloodpreventionprojects.(在工程師設(shè)計的路線上，無人機成為河流的專業(yè)巡邏員，監(jiān)視河堤和防洪工程。)”可知，無人機在黃河數(shù)字化治理中的作用之一是收集堤防狀況信息。故選B。4.詞句猜測題。由文章最后一段中“Underthewaterandupinthesky,intelligencesystemsarehelpingtoprotecttheYellowRiverBasinonallfronts.AccordingtotheMinistryofWaterResources,inthefuture,wecanexpecttoseetheconstruction(水下和空中，情報系統(tǒng)正在幫助保護黃河流域的各個方面。根據(jù)水利部的說法，在未來，我們可以期待看到這條重要河流的建設(shè))”可知，水下和空中，情報系統(tǒng)正在幫助保護黃河流域的各個方面，希望在未來，可以看到這條重要河流的更全面的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)。由此猜測，劃線詞意為“全面的”。A.plete完整的，全面的；B.Basic基礎(chǔ)的；C.Beautiful美麗的；D.Natura自然的。故選A。B(2024上·重慶九龍坡·高一統(tǒng)考期末)“Basedonlongtermearthquakerecordsdatingbacktonearly1900,theexpectedannualoccurrenceofsignificantprisesroughly16events.The2023Hatayearthquakeswereamongthemostsevereinrecenthistory.”aresearcherOzersaidin2023.TheHatayregionofTurkeyislocatedattheboundarybetweentheAnatolianandArabianplates.ThisregionexperiencedasevereearthquakeonFebruary6th,2023,impactingvariousaspectsofitsbuildingsandculturalheritage.Over50,000peopledied,andthecostwasmore104billiondollars.Followingthesignificantdestruction,astudyconductedbyNizarPolatpublishedinSpringerNaturein2023examinesthedeformation(變形)oftheEarth’ssurfaceinseveralcitiesintheHatayregion.ThestudynotonlyemploysUnmannedAerialVehicles(UAVs)(無人機)togethighresolution3Dmodeling(高分辨率的三維建模),butalsousesaerialimagery(航空圖像)toanalyzesurfacedeformationsandcracksinthebedrock.Resultsshow7cracksrangingfrom24.11to497.69minlength.Besides,analysiswithinthesubsidence(沉降區(qū))areaisalsousedtorevealtheextentofphysicaldeformations.Twosubsidenceareasareidentified,measuring23,060.8m2and13,954.2m2respectively,withheightchangesofupto20m.TheaccuracyofthephotosareprovedwithaRootMeanSquareError(RMSE)(均方根誤差)of4.6cm,indicatinghighaccuracy.Thisstudyrevealsthevalueofdronebasedhighresolution3Dmodelinginrevealingtheearthquakecauseddeformationandlandscapechanges.ThesefindingshavegreatlyimprovedtheunderstandingofearthquakedestructionsintheHatayareaandprovidedmoreinsightstofutureresearchandreducenaturaldisasters.5.WhydoestheauthormentiontheOzer’swords?A.Tointroducethebackgroundofthestudy.B.Todeveloppeople’sawarenessofdisasters.C.Tocallonpeopletocaretheenvironment.D.Toanalyzehowstrongtheearthquakeis.6.Whichmethodisnotusedinthisstudy?A.UnmannedAerialVehicles B.RootMeanSquareErrorC.AerialImagery D.Analysiswithinthesubsidence7.What’stheauthor’sattitudeaboutthisstudy?A.Indifferent. B.Positive. C.Pessimistic. D.Concerned.8.Whatisthetextprobablyabout?A.AnintroductiontoUAVs. B.Anessayonthenaturaldisaster.C.AguidebooktoHatayregion. D.AreviewofTurkeygeography.【答案】5.A6.D7.B8.B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項由NizarPolat在2023年發(fā)表的研究。該研究利用無人機獲取高分辨率的三維模型，并使用航空影像分析地表變形和基巖裂縫。這項研究揭示了基于無人機的高分辨率三維建模在揭示地震引起的變形和地貌變化方面的價值。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)極大地提高了對哈塔伊地區(qū)地震破壞的理解，并為未來的研究和減少自然災(zāi)害提供了更多的啟示。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Basedonlongtermearthquakerecordsdatingbacktonearly1900,theexpectedannualoccurrenceofsignificantprisesroughly16events.The2023Hatayearthquakeswereamongthemostsevereinrecenthistory(根據(jù)近1900年的長期地震記錄，預(yù)計每年發(fā)生的重大地震約有16次。2023年哈泰地震是近代史上最嚴重的地震之一)”可知第一段介紹了近1900年的長期地震記錄，可推理出，奧澤的話被引用的目的是為了引入研究背景，故選A項。6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ThestudynotonlyemploysUnmannedAerialVehicles(UAVs)

togethighresolution3Dmodeling,butalsousesaerialimagerytoanalyzesurfacedeformationsandcracksinthebedrock.(這項研究不僅使用無人機進行高分辨率的三維建模，還使用航空圖像分析基巖的表面變形和裂縫。)”、倒數(shù)第二段“TheaccuracyofthephotosareprovedwithaRootMeanSquareError(RMSE)(均方根誤差)of4.6cm,indicatinghighaccuracy.(照片的精度得到了驗證，均方根誤差為4.6cm，表明精度很高。)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“Besides,analysiswithinthesubsidence(沉降區(qū))areaisalsousedtorevealtheextentofphysicaldeformations.(此外，還利用沉降區(qū)內(nèi)的分析來揭示物理變形的程度。)”可知，A項“UnmannedAerialVehicles(無人機)”、B項“RootMeanSquareError(均方根誤差)”以及C項“AerialImagery(航空圖像)”均作為研究方法被使用，而D項“Analysiswithinthesubsidence(沉降區(qū)內(nèi)的分析)”并非研究方法，故選D項。7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thisstudyrevealsthevalueofdronebasedhighresolution3Dmodelinginrevealingtheearthquakecauseddeformationandlandscapechanges.ThesefindingshavegreatlyimprovedtheunderstandingofearthquakedestructionsintheHatayareaandprovidedmoreinsightstofutureresearchandreducenaturaldisasters.(這項研究揭示了基于無人機的高分辨率三維建模在揭示地震引起的變形和景觀變化方面的價值。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)極大地提高了對哈泰地區(qū)地震破壞的理解，并為未來的研究和減少自然災(zāi)害提供了更多的見解.)”可推理出，作者對此項研究持積極樂觀的態(tài)度，故選B項。8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Basedonlongtermearthquakerecordsdatingbacktonearly1900,theexpectedannualoccurrenceofsignificantprisesroughly16events.The2023Hatayearthquakeswereamongthemostsevereinrecenthistory(根據(jù)近1900年的長期地震記錄，預(yù)計每年發(fā)生的重大地震約有16次。2023年哈泰地震是近代史上最嚴重的地震之一)”、第二段“TheHatayregionofTurkeyislocatedattheboundarybetweentheAnatolianandArabianplates.ThisregionexperiencedasevereearthquakeonFebruary6th,2023,impactingvariousaspectsofitsbuildingsandculturalheritage.Over50,000peopledied,andthecostwasmore104billiondollars.(土耳其的哈泰地區(qū)位于安納托利亞板塊和阿拉伯板塊之間的邊界。該地區(qū)于2023年2月6日發(fā)生嚴重地震，影響了其建筑和文化遺產(chǎn)的各個方面。超過5萬人死亡，損失超過1040億美元。)”、第三段“ThestudynotonlyemploysUnmannedAerialVehicles(UAVs)

togethighresolution3Dmodeling,butalsousesaerialimagerytoanalyzesurfacedeformationsandcracksinthebedrock.(這項研究不僅使用無人機進行高分辨率的三維建模，還使用航空圖像分析基巖的表面變形和裂縫。)”以及最后一段“Thisstudyrevealsthevalueofdronebasedhighresolution3Dmodelinginrevealingtheearthquakecauseddeformationandlandscapechanges.(這項研究揭示了基于無人機的高分辨率三維建模在揭示地震引起的變形和景觀變化方面的價值。)”可推理出，本文是一篇關(guān)于自然災(zāi)難的研究，故選B項。C(2024上·云南大理·高一統(tǒng)考期末)ElephantsonthecoastofThailandareactingstrangely.Theystamptheirfeetandwanttomovetowardsthehills.Theseadrawsbackfromthebeaches.Fishflop(撲騰)ontheseabed.Suddenly,ahugewaveappears.Thisisnoordinarywave.Itisatsunami!Tsunamiwavesarelargerandfasterthannormalsurfacewaves.Atsunamiwavecantravelfastasajetplaneandcanbeastallasatenstoreybuilding.Tsunamisbeginwhentheoceanrisesorfallsverysuddenly.Lotsofseawaterisdisplacedandthismovementcauseshugewaves.Ifatsunamihappens,theremustbesomekindofforcethatcausestheoceanwatertobeemoved.Mosttsunamisarecausedbyunderwaterearthquakes.Sometimes,volcanoes,andslides,andlargeicebergsmayalsocauseoneofthesehugewaves.Tsunamisareextremelypowerful.Ordinarywaveslosepowerwhentheybreak.Tsunamiwavescanremainpowerfulforseveraldays.Becausetsunamiwavesaresostrong,theycankillpeople,damagebuildings,andpletelyruinanecosysteminjustonehour.Scientistshavenowayoftellingpeopleinadvancewhenatsunamiwillhit.However,ifapowerfulenoughearthquakehappens,scientistscansendoutawarningorawatch.Awarningmeansthatatsunamiwillverylikelyhitsoon.Awatchmeansthatconditionsaresuitableforatsunami.Whenpeoplereceiveawatchorawarning,theyhavemoretimetoprepare.It’sbesttogetpreparedbeforeatsunamiisontheway!9.What’sthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?A.Thepowerofthetsunami. B.Thesignsofthetsunami.C.Thecausesofthetsunami. D.Thedamagesfromthetsunami.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inthesecondparagraphmean?A.Moved. B.Trapped. C.Destroyed. D.Stopped.11.Accordingtothetext,whatwillcauseatsunamiforsure?A.Thefloods,storms,andtyphoons.B.Theearthquakethathappensontheland.C.Thevolcanoes,andslides,andlargeicebergs.D.Theforcethatcausesoceanwatertogetdisplaced.12.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Awarningismoreseriousthanawatch.B.Awatchismoreseriousthanawarning.C.Awatchissetoutbeforeabigearthquake.D.Therearemanywaystotellatsunamiinadvance.【答案】9.B10.A11.D12.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了海嘯的形成原因、特點以及對人類和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響。9.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“ElephantsonthecoastofThailandareactingstrangely(泰國海岸上的大象行為怪異)”、“Theseadrawsbackfromthebeaches(海水從海灘上退了回來)”以及“Fishflop(撲騰)ontheseabed(魚兒撲騰著躍出海面)”可推理出，本段主要講的是海嘯的前兆，故選B項。10.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞下文“thismovementcauseshugewaves(這種運動會引起巨大的海浪)”可推理出劃線詞的含義為“移動”，故選A項。11.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Ifatsunamihappens,theremustbesomekindofforcethatcausestheoceanwatertobeemoved(如果發(fā)生海嘯，一定有某種力量導(dǎo)致海水移動)”可知，導(dǎo)致海水移動的某種力量能使海嘯確定發(fā)生，故選D項。12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Awarningmeansthatatsunamiwillverylikelyhitsoon.Awatchmeansthatconditionsaresuitableforatsunami.(警告意味著海嘯很可能會很快襲擊。觀察信號表示條件適合發(fā)生海嘯。)”可知，警告和觀察信號相比起來，警告發(fā)生海嘯的可能性更大，故選A項。D(2024上·甘肅定西·高一統(tǒng)考期末)AnearthquakehitTurkeyandSyrialastmonth.Over40,000peoplelosttheirlivesinthenaturaldisaster,andthatnumberisexpectedtoclimb.Butpeoplearestayingstrongandholdingouthopeasrescuerscontinuetosearchforandrescuesurvivors.33yearoldNeclaCamuzwastrappedinsideherhomewithher10dayoldson,Yagiz,inherarms.Shewaitedfor90hoursbeforebeingrescued.WhileCamuzwasworriedthattheywouldneverbefound,shelookedtoherbabyasasourceofstrength.“Ithinkifmysonhadn’tbeenstrongenoughtodealwiththis,Iwouldn’thavebeen,either,”sheshared.Thisstoryhadanevenhappierending.Camuzwastoldthatherhusbandand3yearoldsonhadalsosurvived.Theywouldgettogetherafterthisterribleexperience.Butbabiesandyoungpeoplearen’ttheonlysurvivors.77yearoldFatmaGungorwastrappedfor212hoursbeforebeingfreed.“Iamsoexcited.Idon’tknowwhattosay.Wealmostgottothepointofgivingup,butourstrugglehasendedwell,”onerescuersaid.FindingGungorprovidesnewmotivation(動力)forrescuers,whohavebeenworkingaroundtheclock.Theyareencouragedtokeepuptheirsearch.AccordingtoChiefMedicalCorrespondentDr.SanjayGupta,it’sunmontofindsurvivorsaftertheyhavebeentrappedformorethan100hours,butlowtemperaturesmightbethefactor.“Ontheonehand,thecoldweathermakestherescueverydifficult,foritisbelowfreezingrightnow.Ontheotherhand,itmayreducethedemandforwater.Perhapsthatisthecasethistime,”hesaid.Asalways,thesestoriesgivehopethattherearemanypeoplestillwaitingtoberescued.Butoncepeoplearepulledfromthestones,thereisahardroadaheadaspeoplehavelosttheirhomes,andmanyhavealsolosttheirfamilies.Ifyouarelookingforawaytohelp,considerdonatingtoGlobalGiving’searthquakefund.13.HowdidCamuzlivethroughtheearthquakeinheropinion?A.Byusingprofessionalskills. B.Byseeinghernewbornbaby’ssurvival.C.Byhavingtrustinherfamily. D.Byfindingsomewaterandfood.14.WhatdotherescuersrealizeaftersavingGungor?A.Morepeoplecanberescued.B.Oldpeoplehaveastrongerwill.C.Rescuershavetobecalmenough.D.Rescueworkwillbeemoredifficult.15.WhatdoDr.SanjayGupia’swordssuggestaboutthecoldweather?A.Itisunusualforlocalpeople.B.Itcanbebothharmfulandfavorable.C.Itmakesrescuerseasiertosavetrappedpeople.D.Itcausestrappedpeopletoreducedemandforfood.16.Whatisthemainpurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Tocallonpeopletooffersupporttothosesuffering.B.Togivesometipsonsurvivinganearthquake.C.Topointouttheproblemsfacingrescuers.D.Tostresstheimportanceoftimelyrescue.【答案】13.B14.A15.B16.A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞稿。文章主要講述上個月土耳其和敘利亞發(fā)生地震以及現(xiàn)在搜救情況。13.細節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段“WhileCamuzwasworriedthattheywouldneverbefound,shelookedtoherbabyasasourceofstrength.‘Ithinkifmysonhadn’tbeenstrongenoughtodealwiththis,Iwouldn’thavebeen,either,’sheshared.(雖然Camuz擔(dān)心他們永遠找不到，但她把孩子視為力量的源泉。她分享道：‘我想，如果我的兒子沒有足夠的力量來應(yīng)對這件事，我也不會。’)”可知，看著剛出生的嬰兒的幸存給了Camuz度過地震的動力。故選B項。14.推理判斷題。由文章第三段“FindingGungorprovidesnewmotivation(動力)forrescuers,whohavebeenworkingaroundtheclock.Theyareencouragedtokeepuptheirsearch.(找到Gungor為救援人員提供了新的動力，他們一直在夜以繼日地工作。鼓勵他們繼續(xù)搜尋。)”可知，找到Gungor為救援人員提供了新的動力，讓他們堅信搜救工作還能就更多人。故選A項。15.推理判斷題。由文章第四段“Ontheonehand,thecoldweathermakestherescueverydifficult,foritisbelowfreezingrightnow.Ontheotherhand,itmayreducethedemandforwater.Perhapsthatisthecasethistime,(一方面，寒冷的天氣使救援變得非常困難，因為現(xiàn)在氣溫低于零度。另一方面，它可能會減少對水的需求。也許這次就是這樣，)”可知，寒冷的天氣既有害又有利。故選B項。16.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Asalways,thesestoriesgivehopethattherearemanypeoplestillwaitingtoberescued.Butoncepeoplearepulledfromthestones,thereisahardroadaheadaspeoplehavelosttheirhomes,andmanyhavealsolosttheirfamilies.Ifyouarelookingforawaytohelp,considerdonatingtoGlobalGiving’searthquakefund.(和往常一樣，這些故事給人們帶來了希望，許多人仍在等待救援。但是，一旦人們被從石頭下拉出來，前方的道路就很艱難，因為人們失去了家園，許多人也失去了家人。如果你正在尋找?guī)椭姆绞?，可以考慮向GlobalGiving的地震基金捐款。)”可知，最后一段呼吁人們向那些受苦受難的人提供支持。故選A項。E(2024上·甘肅慶陽·高一?？计谀?Riversareveryimportant.Humansrelyonthemforfoodandwater.Butriverscandestroythings,too.Theycanflood,orriseovertheirbanks,makingthewaterrunintothenearbyland.Floodscanalsokillhumansandwildlife.However,floodsarenotalwaysbad.Someecosystemsneedthemeveryonceinawhile.Floodingcannotonlydrownanimalsbutalsodestroyhabitats.Forexample,afloodinIndiain2012killedmanyonehornedrhinos.Floodwaterscanpickupdirtfromriverbanks,whichmakesthewaterdirty.Toomuchdirtwillclogriversandstreams,preventingtheriverfromflowing.Sometimesfloodwaterscancarrypollutiontotheseaandharmmarine(海洋的)life.Inaddition,floodwaterscancarrydisease,includinghepatitisAandcholera.However,noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.Floodwaterscarrynutrients(營養(yǎng)物)tothenearbyland.Overtime,thewaterdriesupandleavesbehindparticles(微粒)ofdirtandmud.Theparticlesarecalledsediment(沉淀物)whichcanbegoodduetoitsabilitytoimprovethedirtandhelpsplantsgrow.Floodsareimportanttosomeanimalsaswell.Forinstance,someanimalsseefloodsasasignthatitistimetomateormigrate.Floodsleavesedimentonriverbedswherebabyfishcangrowandcarrynutrientsforsmallanimalsinthewatertoeat.Moreover,indryseasons,watermightdryup,butfloodshelprefillthewetlands,keepingtheecosystemgoing.Floodsareapartofnature.Theycandestroylivingthingsandtheenvironment.Butsomeecosystemsneedfloodstosurvive.17.What’sthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword“clog”inparagraph2?A.Block. B.Pollute. C.Bee. D.Develop.18.Howdofloodshelpecosystems?A.Tinyfishgoingwithfloodsfeedsomeanimals.B.Floodsmakealltheanimalsmigratemoreeasily.C.Nutrientscarriedbyfloodscanmakesoilricher.D.Floodscancleanthedirtandhelpplantsgrow.19.What’sthemainideaofparagraph3?A.Thewayinwhichfloodsfeedanimals. B.Thebenefitsoffloodstoecosystems.C.Aneffectivemeansofimprovingsoil. D.Thereasonforpeople’shatingfloods.20.What’sthebesttitleofthisarticle?A.TheGoodEffectsofFlooding B.TheSecretofFloodingC.Floods—aPartofNature D.Floods—EverythingIsSoBad【答案】17.A18.C19.B20.C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了作為大自然的一部分，洪水對于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)既有好處也有壞處。17.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Floodwaterscanpickupdirtfromriverbanks,whichmakesthewaterdirty.(洪水會從河岸上帶走泥土，使河水變臟。)”、“Toomuchdirt(太多的泥土)”以及“preventingtheriverfromflowing.(阻止河流流動。)”可知，洪水會沿途吸收泥土，而太多的泥土?xí)氯拥?，以至于河水流淌出現(xiàn)困難。由此可推測此處的clog的意思應(yīng)該是“堵塞”。A.Block阻擋；B.Pollute污染；C.Bee成為；D.Develop發(fā)展。故選A項。18.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“However,noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.Floodwaterscarrynutrientstothenearbyland.Overtime,thewaterdriesupandleavesbehindparticlesofdirtandmud.Theparticlesarecalledsedimentwhichcanbegoodduetoitsabilitytoimprovethedirtandhelpsplantsgrow.(然而，并非所有關(guān)于洪水的事情都是不好的。有時它們會給生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來新的生命。洪水把養(yǎng)分帶到附近的土地上。隨著時間的推移，水干涸了，留下了灰塵和泥漿顆粒。這些顆粒被稱為沉積物，因為它能改善土壤，幫助植物生長，所以是有益的。)”可知，洪水沿途所攜帶的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)可以使土壤更肥沃，從而更好地幫助生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C項。19.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“However,noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.(然而，并非所有關(guān)于洪水的事情都是不好的。有時它們會給生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來新的生命。)”以及“Floodsareimportanttosomeanimalsaswell.(洪水對一些動物也很重要)”以及“Moreover,indryseasons,watermightdryup,butfloodshelprefillthewetlands,keepingtheecosystemgoing.(此外，在旱季，水可能會干涸，但洪水有助于補充濕地，保持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的運轉(zhuǎn))”可知，文章第三段主要講的是洪水對于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的好處。故選B項。20.標題判斷題。通讀全文，可以看到文章前兩段主要講洪水對于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的不利的方面，第三段主要講洪水對于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的益處，文章最后一段“Floodsareapartofnature.Theycandestroylivingthingsandtheenvironment.Butsomeecosystemsneedfloodstosurvive.(洪水是自然的一部分。它們會破壞生物和環(huán)境。但有些生態(tài)系統(tǒng)需要洪水才能生存。)”總結(jié)全文，點明主題——洪水是大自然的一部分。所以“洪水是大自然的一部分”作為標題最合適。故選C項。F(2024上·吉林遼源·高一遼源市實驗高級中學(xué)校校聯(lián)考期末)RescuersintheTurkishcityofIzmirhavepulledayounggirloutalivefromtheruinsofacollapsedhousingplexfourdaysafterastrongearthquakehitTürkiyeandGreece.Thegirlwastakentoahospitalinanemergencyvehicle.Soundsofcheeringcouldbeheardfromrescueworkersandpeoplewatchingnearby.HealthMinisterFahrettinKocaidentifiedthegirlonTwitteras3yearoldAydaGezgin.Thechildhadbeentrappedinsidetherubble(瓦礫)for91hours.Shewasthe107thpersontohavebeenrescuedfromcollapsedbuildingssinceFriday,thedaythequakestruck.Afterherrescue,Aydacouldbeheardcallingoutforhermotherinavideothatplayedontelevision.ButAyda’smotherdidnotsurvive.Herbodywasfoundintherubblehourslater.Ayda’sbrotherandfatherwerenotinsidethebuildingatthetimeofthequake.RescuerNusretAksoytoldreportersthathewassearchingthroughthewreckageofthebuildingwhenheheardachild’sscream.Hethencalledforsilence.Helaterfoundthegirlinasmallspacenexttoadishwasher.Thegirlwavedathim,toldhimhernameandsaidthatshewasokay,Aksoysaid.“IgotgoosebumpsandmycolleagueAhmetcried,”hetoldHaberTurktelevision.IbrahimTopal,oftheHumanitarianReliefFoundationsaid,“MycolleagueandIlookedateachotherinsurprise.Welistenedagain.Therewasaveryweakvoicesayingsomething.Andthenweshuteverythingdownandstartedlisteningagain.Andtherereallywasavoice.”Healthministryofficialssaidthegirlwasingoodconditionbutwouldbekeptunderobservation.Sheaskedforaspecialmealofmeatballsandayogurtdrinkonherwaytothehospital,thestateoperatedAnadoluAgencyreported.21.Howdidrescueworkersandpeoplewatchingfeelwhenthegirlwasrescued?A.Sorrowful. B.Worried. C.Pitiful. D.Excited.22.WhydidAksoycalledforsilence?A.Totalktohiscolleague. B.Tomakethelittlegirlcalm.C.Tolocatewherethevoicecamefrom. D.Tomakehimselfheardbythegirl.23.Whatcanweinferaboutthegirlfromthefourthparagraph?A.Shewasanxious. B.Shewascalm.C.Shewasdesperate. D.Shewasfrightened.24.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.ThedamagecausedbytheearthquakeinTurkiye.B.TheterribleearthquakethathitTurkishcityofIzmir.C.Thepresentconditionofthegirlsavedfromtheearthquake.D.Therescueofa3yearoldgirlafterbeingtrappedforfourdays.【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。主要講述的是在土耳其和希臘發(fā)生強烈地震4天后，一名3歲的小女孩奇跡般地被救援人員從廢墟中救出。21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“Soundsofcheeringcouldbeheardfromrescueworkersandpeoplewatchingnearby.(從救援人員和附近圍觀的人群中可以聽到歡呼聲。)”可知，在聽到小女孩被救出，救援人員和附近觀看的人員發(fā)出歡呼聲，由此可知，現(xiàn)場群眾都非常的興奮。故選D項。22.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“RescuerNusretAksoytoldreportersthathewassearchingthroughthewreckageofthebuildingwhenheheardachild’sscream.Hethencalledforsilence.Helaterfoundthegirlinasmallspacenexttoadishwasher.(救援人員NusretAksoy告訴記者，當他聽到一個孩子的尖叫時，他正在大樓的廢墟中搜尋。然后他呼吁大家保持沉默。后來，他在洗碗機旁邊的一個小地方找到了這個女孩。)”可知，NusretAkso在救援時聽到孩子的尖叫聲，要求大家保持安靜，后來在一個小地方找到了這個女孩，由此可知推斷，NusretAksoy要求安靜是為了確定聲音傳出的地點。故選C項。23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thegirlwavedathim,toldhimhernameandsaidthatshewasokay,Aksoysaid.(Aksoy說，女孩向他揮手，告訴他自己的名字，并說她沒事。)”可知，小女孩向救援人員揮手并告訴他自己的名字，說她自己情況很好，由此可知，小女孩非常的鎮(zhèn)靜。故選B項。24.主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段中的“RescuersintheTurkishcityofIzmirhavepulledayounggirloutalivefromtheruinsofacollapsedhousingplexfourdaysafterastrongearthquakehitTurkiyeandGreece.(土耳其城市伊茲密爾的救援人員從一棟倒塌的房屋廢墟中救出一名小女孩。四天前，土耳其和希臘發(fā)生強烈地震。)”可知，一個小女孩在土耳其和希臘發(fā)生強烈地震四天后，在一個房屋的廢墟中被救，結(jié)合下文中介紹的救援的過程可知，本文主要介紹的是在被困4天后營救出一名3歲女孩。故選D項。G(2024上·甘肅白銀·高一?？计谀?Naturaldisasterstakemanydifferentformsandcanhappenwithoutwarning.Earthquakes,floods,volcanoes,droughts,typhoons,andhurricanesareallnaturaldisasters.Theearthquakeof26December2004resultedinoneoftheworstnaturaldisastersinlivingmemory.Itwasamassive(大規(guī)模的)underwaterquakeandoccurredintheIndianOcean.ThiscausedahugetsunamitocrosstheIndianOcean.Itdestroyedcoastlinesandmunitiesandbroughtdeathanddestruction(破壞)tomanypeople.Thesurvivorsneededfreshwater,foodandshelteraswellasmedicalhelp.Peoplefromallovertheworldcollectmoneytohelpthem.ThesurfaceoftheEarthhasnotalwayslookedasitdoestoday;itismovingcontinuouslyalthoughveryslowlyandhasdonesoforbillionsofyears.Thisisonecauseofearthquakes,whenonesectionoftheEarthcrasheswithanother.Scientistscanpredict(預(yù)測)wherethismighthappenandtheareabetweenplatesiscalledafaultline.However,earthquakesdonotalwayshappenonfaultlines,whichiswhytheyaresodangerousandunpredictable.Allthedisastersareverydangerousandcontinuetokillthousandsofpeopleeachyear,buttheyarenowherenearthemostdangerousdisastertoeverhappenonearth.Onetypeofeventintheearth’shistoryhasregularlykilledmillionsofbeings:asteroidimpacts(小行星撞擊).AboutonceeverymillionyearstheEarthishitbyapieceofrockandicefromspacelargeenoughtocausemassivedestruction(includingearthquakes,volcanoesandiceages)andsometimestokillentirespecies.Sixtyfivemillionyearsagomorethanhalftheearth’sspecieswerekilledbysuchadisaster,includingallthedinosaurs.DisastersontheEarthmayseemdangerous,butthebiggestthreattohumansislikelytoefromspace.25.WhatdidtheIndianOceanearthquakecause?A.Ahurricane. B.Atyphoon. C.Avolcaniceruption. D.Atsunami.26.Whatcanscientistspredictaboutearthquakes?A.Thepossibletime. B.Thepossibleplace.C.Thepossibledamage. D.Thepossiblefrequency.27.Wherewillthemostdangerousnaturaldisasterefromaccordingtotheauthor?A.Theocean. B.Thepoles.C.Outerspace. D.Deepunderthesurface.28.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HownaturaldisastershappenedB.WherenaturaldisastershappenedmostC.WhenpeopleshouldavoidnaturaldisastersD.Whatkindofnaturaldisastersaremostdestructive【答案】25.D26.B27.C28.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了自然災(zāi)害的形式、發(fā)生原因和影響，并強調(diào)了小行星撞擊是地球歷史上最危險的災(zāi)難之一，也是對人類最大的威脅。文章通過具體事例和數(shù)據(jù)說明了自然災(zāi)害的破壞性和不可預(yù)測性，并呼吁人們關(guān)注和防范自然災(zāi)害。25.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theearthquakeof26December2004resultedinoneoftheworstnaturaldisastersinlivingmemory.Itwasamassive(大規(guī)模的)underwaterquakeandoccurredintheIndianOcean.Thiscausedahugetsunamitocros