新疆瑪納斯縣第一中學(xué)2020-2021學(xué)高二上學(xué)期期中備考英語試卷Ⅰ

20202021學(xué)年上學(xué)期高二期中備考卷英語1注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在試題卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3.非選擇題的作答：用簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選岀最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給岀5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofelectronicmusic?A.Itisclever. B.Itisloud. C.Itismodern.7.Howoldwasthewomanwhenattendingaclassicalconcert?A.16. B.17. C.18.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whydoesthemanturntothewoman?A.Hehastoworklate.B.Hehastogetgroceries.C.Hehasapackagetoe.9.Whatisthemangetting?A.Aboxoffruit. B.Somealcohol. C.Somesportsequipment.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeakers’kids?A.Theyareundertheageof21.B.They’llreturnhomeby3:00p.m.C.They’llpracticesoccerat5:00p.m.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Classmates.12.Whatdoesthewomanwanttobee?A.Asecurityguard.B.Aputersecurityexpert.C.Aputerscienceteacher.13.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Dowellinmath. B.Majorinmath. C.Seemathasacareer.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atschool. B.Atthezoo. C.Atanamusementpark.15.WhyisLisasurprised?A.Johnwasbusy. B.Johnarrivedlate. C.Johnchangedhismind.16.WhydidJohnlietoLisa?A.Hewantedtoealone.B.Hewasafraidofrollercoasters.C.Hewantedtogiveherasurprise.17.WhatdoesJohnsayaboutLisa?A.Considerate. B.Brave. C.Reliable.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whydidthespeakerbuyanewumbrella?A.Hisoldonewasdamaged.B.Hereallylovedthatone.C.Hefailedtobringone.19.Whatisthemainadvantageofthehotel’slocation?A.ItisbesidetheEiffelTower.B.Itisveryclosetoabakery.C.ItiswithinwalkingdistancetoLouvre.20.WhydidthespeakergotoParis?A.Toseesomeartworks.B.ToeatsomeFrenchfood.C.Tomeetsomegoodfriends.【答案】15BCBCA 610BACBA 1115ABACC 1620BACBA第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AYoumayneedtogivefirstaid.Firstaidisdefinedastheemergencycaregiventoasickorinjuredperson.Thegoalsoffirstaidaretopreventdeathandtopreventinjuriesfrombeingworse.Eachemergencyconditionisdifferent.However,thefollowingrulesapplytoanykindofemergency.☆Beawareofyourlimitations.Donottrytodomorethanyouareableto.Norshouldyoudothingsifyouareunfamiliarwiththem.Dowhatyoucanundertheconditionsatthetime.☆Staycalm.Actingcalmlywillhelpthevictimfeelsafe.☆Takeaquicklooktoseeifthevictimisbleeding,andifthereisapulse.☆Keepthevictimlyingdownanddonotmovehimorher.Youcouldmakeaninjuryworseifyoumovethevictim.☆Takenecessaryemergencysteps.☆CallforhelporasksomeonetomaketheEMSsystem(急救系統(tǒng))start.☆Donotremoveclothingunlessyouhaveto.Ifclothingmustberemoved,teartheclothesalongtheseams(線縫).☆Keepthevictimwarm.Coverthevictimwithablanket.Coatsandsweaterscanbeusedifablanketcannotbefound.☆Reassurethevictim.Explainwhatishappeningandthathelphasbeencalled.☆Donotgivethevictimanyfoodorfruits.☆Keepthebystandersawayfromthevictim.Bystanderswanttohavealook,offeradvice,andsaysomethingaboutthevictim’scondition.Thevictimmaybelievethattheconditionisworsethanitreallyis.21.Whenapersonisbadlyinjuredontheroad,youshould.A.actworriedlyandhurriedlyB.dowhateveryouwanttofreelyC.notmovehimorherD.maketheinjuredpersonstandup22.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Youshouldhelpaninjuredpersoninanycondition.B.Don’tremovetheclothingoftheinjuredpersonwhateverhappens.C.Itisnecessarytocoverthevictimwithablanket.D.Iftheinjuredpersonfeelshungry,youshouldgivehimorhersomefood.23.Whyshouldbystandersbekeptawayfromthevictim?A.Becausebystanderscanpreventthevictimfromreceivingfirstaid.B.Becausewhattheysaycanmakethevictimthinktheconditionisverybad.C.Becausethevictimdoesn’twanttoaccepttheadviceofbystanders.D.Becausethevictimhatesbeingsurroundedbybystanders.【答案】2123CCB【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了我們平時(shí)在進(jìn)行急救的時(shí)候，正確地進(jìn)行施救的做法。21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中的“Keepthevictimlyingdownanddonotmovehimorher.Youcouldmakeaninjuryworseifyoumovethevictim.”可知，不要移動(dòng)受害者，否則你可能會(huì)使他/她的傷勢惡化，故選C。22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合文章中的“Coverthevictimwithablanket.Coatsandsweaterscanbeusedifablanketcannotbefound.”可知，給受害者蓋上一條毛毯，如果找不到毛毯，就使用外套或者毛衣，故選C項(xiàng)。23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合最后一段中的“Thevictimmaybelievethattheconditionisworsethanitreallyis.”可知，受害者可能會(huì)認(rèn)為情況比真實(shí)的情況更糟糕，故選B項(xiàng)。BIwasattendingapartyonenightgiveninSirRoss’shonor.Duringthedinner,themansittingnexttometoldahumorousstoryandspokeofthequotation:“There’sadivinity(神)thatshapesourends.Roughhewthemhowwewill.”ThestorytellermentionedthatthequotationwasfromtheBible.Hewaswrong.Iknewthat;Iknewitpositively.Therecouldn’tbetheslightestdoubtaboutit.Andso,togetafeelingofimportanceandshowmyhighquality,Ichosemyselfasanunwelepersontocorrecthim.Hestucktohisguns.“What?FromShakespeare?Impossible!Absurd!ThatquotationwasfromtheBible.”Thestorytellerwassittingatmyrighthand,andFrankGammond,anoldfriendofmine,wasseatedatmylefthand.Mr.GammondhaddevotedyearstothestudyofShakespeare,sothestorytellerandIagreedtoleavethequestiontoMr.Gammond.Mr.Gammondlistened,kickedmeunderthetable,andthensaid,“Dale,youarewrong.Thegentlemanisright.ItisfromtheBible.”O(jiān)nourwayhomethatnight,IsaidtoMr.Gammond,“Frank,youknewthatquotationwasfromShakespeare.”“Yes,ofcourse,”hereplied.“Hamlet,ActV,Scene2.Butwewereguestsonafestiveoccasion,mydearDale.Whyprovetoamanheiswrong?Isthatgoingtomakehimlikeyou?Whynotlethimsavehisface?Hedidn’taskforyouropinion.Hedidn’twantit.Whyarguewithhim?”ThemanwhosaidthattaughtmealessonIwouldneverforget.Inotonlyhadmadethestorytellerunfortable,buthadputmyfriendinanembarrassingsituation.HowmuchbetteritwouldhavebeenifIhadn’tbeeargumentative.Ninetimesoutoften,anargumentendswitheachofthecontestants(競爭者)morefirmlyconvincedthaneverthatheisabsolutelyright.Youcan’twinanargument.Youcan’tbecauseifyouloseit,youloseit;andifyouwinit,youloseit.24.Attheparty,theauthortriedtogetafeelingofimportanceby___________.A.tellingahumorousstory B.showingoffhisrichknowledgeC.teachingthestorytelleralesson D.correctingthestoryteller’smistake25.TheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2meansthat___________.A.herealizedhewaswrong B.hedidn’tchangehismindC.hefeltsorryforwhathesaid D.hewantedtofightwiththeauthor26.WhatdowelearnaboutFrankGammond?A.Hewasveryhumorous. B.Hewasverythoughtful.C.HeknewmuchabouttheBible. D.Hedidn’tknowmuchaboutShakespeare.27.WhatdoestheauthorlearnfromhisfriendGammond?A.Havinganopenmind. B.Respectingothersopinion.C.Nevergettingintoanargument. D.Avoidingmakingmistakesinpublic.【答案】2427DBBC【解析】本文是夾敘夾議文。在一場爭論中，大多數(shù)情況下雙方都不會(huì)改變自己持有的觀點(diǎn)，反而會(huì)更加堅(jiān)定。因此，不要輕易與他人爭論。24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的第五句可知，作者為了獲得一種被看重的感覺，公開指出了那位講故事的人的錯(cuò)誤。故D選項(xiàng)正確。25.句意理解題。根據(jù)劃線句后講故事的人的反應(yīng)可知，他聽到作者的指正后并沒有改變自己的觀點(diǎn)。故B選項(xiàng)正確。26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段和第五段可知，F(xiàn)rankGammond明知那位講故事的人的說法是錯(cuò)的，但是為了給對(duì)方面子，他沒有站在作者的一邊指出他的錯(cuò)誤，由此可推知他是一個(gè)考慮周到的人。故B選項(xiàng)正確。27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，作者從朋友那里得到的啟示是：不要輕易與他人爭論，因?yàn)闋幷摵箅p方往往會(huì)更加堅(jiān)定自己的立場，沒有贏家。故C選項(xiàng)正確。CAsksomeonewhattheyhavedonetohelptheenvironmentrecentlyandtheywillalmostcertainlymentionrecycling.Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.However,beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatoverconsumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotbringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.Thetotalamountofpackagingincreasedby12%between1999and2005.Itnowmakesupathirdofatypicalhousehold’swasteintheUK.Inmanysupermarketsnowadaysfooditemsarepackagedtwicewithplasticandcardboard.Toomuchpackagingisdoingseriousdamagetotheenvironment.TheUK,forexample,isrunningoutofitforcarryingthisunnecessarywaste.Ifsuchpackagingisburnt,itgivesoffgreenhousegaseswhichgoontocausethegreenhouseeffect.Recyclinghelps,buttheprocessitselfusesenergy.Thesolutionisnottoproducesuchitemsinthefirstplace.Foodwasteisaseriousproblem,too.Toomanysupermarketsencouragecustomerstobuymorethantheyneed.However,afewofthemareingroundtotheideathatthiscannotcontinue,encouragingcustomerstoreusetheirplasticbags,forexample.Butthisisnotjustaboutsupermarkets.Itisaboutallofus.Wehavelearnedtoassociatepackagingwithquality.Wehavelearnedtothinkthatsomethingunpackagedisofpoorquality.Thisisespeciallytrueoffood.Butitalsoappliestoawiderangeofconsumerproducts,whichoftenhavefarmorepackagingthannecessary.Therearesignsofhope.Asmoreofusrecycle,wearebeginningtorealizejusthowmuchunnecessarymaterialwearecollecting.Weneedtofacethewastefulnessofourconsumerculture,butwehaveamountaintoclimb.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“overconsumption”referto?A.Usingtoomuchpackaging.B.Recyclingtoomuchwaste.C.Makingmoreproductsthannecessary.D.Havingmorematerialthanisneeded.29.TheauthorusesfiguresinParagraph2toshow.A.thetendencyofcuttinghouseholdwasteB.theincreaseofpackagingrecyclingC.therapidgrowthofsupermarketsD.thefactofpackagingoveruse30.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.Unpackagedproductsareofbadquality.B.Supermarketscaremoreaboutpackaging.C.Itisimpropertojudgequalitybypackaging.D.Otherproductsarebetterpackagedthanfood.31.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Fightingwastefulnessisdifficult.B.Needlessmaterialismostlyrecycled.C.Peoplelikecollectingrecyclablewaste.D.Theauthorisproudofhisconsumerculture.【答案】2831DDCA【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章講述了過度包裝的現(xiàn)狀、人們對(duì)包裝的認(rèn)識(shí)和過度包裝的危害，指出雖然有更多人已經(jīng)開始循環(huán)利用，但形勢很嚴(yán)峻，要想改變狀況是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)。28.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段劃線后（但如果我們一開始不帶那么多的材料回家，情況會(huì)好得多。）可推知?jiǎng)澗€部分意義應(yīng)為過度消費(fèi)，故選D項(xiàng)。29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中引用的數(shù)字“Thetotalamountofpackagingincreasedby12%between1999and2005.Itnowmakesupathirdofatypicalhousehold’swasteintheUK.”（從1999年到2005年，包裝總量增加了12%。它現(xiàn)在占了英國典型家庭垃圾的三分之一。）可知，作者使用數(shù)字的目的是為了讓讀者清楚地理解過度包裝的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題，故D項(xiàng)正確。30.推理判斷題。第四段講述了人們對(duì)于包裝不好的物品的固有認(rèn)識(shí)，即：人們普遍認(rèn)為包裝不好的物品質(zhì)量肯定差，可以推斷出以包裝評(píng)判產(chǎn)品是不對(duì)的，故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Weneedtofacethewastefulnessofourconsumerculture,butwehaveamountaintoclimb.”可知，我們需要面對(duì)我們消費(fèi)文化中的浪費(fèi)，但我們還有一座高山要攀登，所以回收利用抗擊浪費(fèi)任務(wù)艱巨，故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。DIt’s8a.m.,Tuesday,Nov.18,2028,andyouareheadingforabusinessappointment300milesaway.Youstepintoyourcircle,atwopassengeraircushioncar,pressaseriesofbuttonsandthenationaltrafficputernotesyourdestination,figuresoutthecurrenttrafficsituationandsignalsyourcartoslideoutofthegarage.Handsfree,yousitbackandbegintoreadthemorningpaper—whichismashedonaflatTVscreenoverthecar’sdashboard.Tappingabuttonchangesthepage.Thecarspeedsupto150mphinthecity’scountryside,andthenhits250mphinlessbuiltupareas,drivingoverthesmoothplasticroad.Youflypastastringofcities,manyofthemcoveredbythenewdomes(圓屋頂)thatkeepthemevenlyclimatizedallyearround.Trafficisheavy,typically,butthere’snoneedtoworry.Thetrafficputer,whichsendsandreceivessignalstoandfromallcarsontheroadbetweencities,keepsvehiclesatleast50ydsapart.Therehasn’tbeenanaccidentsincethesystembegan.SuddenlyyourTVphonebuzzes.Abusinesspartnerwantsasketchofanewkindofimpelleryourfirmisproducingforsportsboats.Youreachforyourcaseanddrawthediagramwithapencilthininfraredflashlight(紅外線手電筒)onwhatlookslikeaTVscreenliningthebackofthecase.Thediagramissenttoasimilarscreeninyourpartner’soffice,200milesway.Hepressesabuttonandafixedcopyofthesketchrollsoutofthemachine.Hewishesyougoodluckattheingmeetingandsignsoff.Ninetyminutesafterleavingyourhome,youslidebeneaththedomeofyourdestinationcity.Yourcarslowsdownandheadsforanoutercoreofficebuildingwhereyou’llmeetyourcolleagues.Afteryougetout,thevehicleparksitselfinagaragetoawaityourreturn.Privatecarsaren’tallowedinsidemostcitycores.Movingsidewalksandtrams(有軌電車)carrythepublicfromonelocationtoanother.32.Thetrafficputerinyourcarcan.A.keepyourcaratasafedistancefromothercarsB.keepyourcaratthesamespeedindifferentsituationsC.keepyourcarreceivingsignalsofTVprogramsD.keepyourcardrivingwhileavoidingheavytraffic33.Whyarethecitiescoveredbythenewdomes?A.Topreventpeoplefrombeingwetintherain.B.Tostoptheclimateofthecitieschangingviolentlyallyear.C.Toprotectthetravelersagainstthestrongsunshine.D.Tomakethecityhavethesameweatherallyear.34.Whatwillthecitybelikeinthefuture?A.Noaccidentswillhappenbecauseofheavytraffic.B.ThesidewalkcanmoveitselfupanddownC.Theroadwillbebuiltwiththeplasticmaterial.D.Thecarcanparkitselfonadometowaitforyourreturn.35.Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom.A.apopularsciencemagazine B.ashortstorycollectionC.aresearchpaper D.apersonaldiary【答案】3235ABCA【解析】本文主要通過描述一個(gè)人開車上班，以及途中各種先進(jìn)技術(shù)的使用等介紹了在2028年生活的情況。32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段中的“Thetrafficputer,whichsendsandreceivessignalstoandfromallcarsontheroadbetweencities,keepsvehiclesatleast50ydsapart.”可知，交通電腦可以使汽車之間的距離相隔至少50碼（約46米），使汽車保持安全的距離。故選A。33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“manyofthemcoveredbythenewdomesthatkeepthemevenlyclimatizedallyearround.”可知，城市上空的圓屋頂能夠保持城市的氣候變化不劇烈，比較均勻，所以選B。34.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段中的“drivingoverthesmoothplasticroad”可知道路是塑料建造的，故選C項(xiàng)。由第二段的最后一句“Therehasn’tbeenanaccidentsincethesystembegan”可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；由最后一段最后一句“Movingsidewalksandtramscarrythepublicfromonelocationtoanother.”可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；由最后一段中的“thevehicleparksitselfinagaragetoawaityourreturn.”可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。35.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了未來在2028年，人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪惺褂酶鞣N先進(jìn)技術(shù)的一些情況，屬于科技方面的內(nèi)容，因此本文最有可能選自科普雜志。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ThingsYouShouldStopDoingtoBeSuccessfulAreyouahappyperson?Howoftendoyouthinkofreasonswhyeveryonearoundyouissuccessfulthoughtheyarenotbetterthanyouingeneral?Whatdoyoudowrong?Herearesomethingsyoushouldstopdoingtobesuccessful.1.36Differentpeoplemayexplain“success”indifferentways:someofthemmeasureitinmoney,otheronesinpositivechangestopeoplearoundthemandtheworldingeneral.37Don’tworryaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkbuteafterwhatmakesyouhappy.2.Donotbelieveanythingwithoutquestioningit.38Theyarecriticalthinkers,andtheyunderstandthatweallareruledbyourprejudices,sotheywillalwaysquestionnewinformation.3.Donotworryaboutallunpredictablethingsthatmayhappentoyou.Ifyouwanttobesuccessful,stopthinkingabouteverythingthatMAYhappentoyou.39Bereadytoimproveandchangeyourdeedsanddecisionswhenthingssuddenlydon’tgoaccordingtoyourplan.4.Donotcareaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkofyou.40Yourattemptstobee“good”foreveryonewillturnintonothingbutnewworries,stresses,andproblems.Successfulpeopledonotconcentrateonthequantityofpeopletoplease,butworryabouttheirqualityandfocusondevelopingfriendshipswithpeopletheyreallycareabout.A.Donotwaitforthe“righttime”todoanythingB.Donotletothersdecidewhat“success”isforyouC.Successfulpeopledonotjustacceptanynewinformationtobetrue.D.Asfarasweallknow,it’simpossibletopleaseallthepeoplewhosurroundus.E.Successfulpeopleneverignoreoravoidproblems,nomatterhowbigandawfultheyseem.F.Ifyouwanttobesuccessful,donotletothersforcetheirexplanationofsuccessonyou.G.Trytofeelfortablewiththerealityandacceptthefactthatyourfuturecan’tbepredicted.【答案】3640BFCGD【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了為了取得成功，應(yīng)該停止做的四件事。36.此處是本段小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)其他小標(biāo)題的句式及該段落中的首句和最后一句可以推知B項(xiàng)符合語境，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。37.根據(jù)空前一句（不同的人對(duì)成功的定義不同）和空后一句可知應(yīng)選F項(xiàng)。38.根據(jù)小標(biāo)題和C項(xiàng)中的“notjustacceptanynewinformationtobetrue”與該段中的questionnewinformation相呼應(yīng)可知，此處應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。39.本段主要講的是不要擔(dān)心可能會(huì)發(fā)生在你身上的不可預(yù)見的事情，根據(jù)空前說的如果想要成功，就不要去想任何或許會(huì)發(fā)生在你身上的事情可知，這里應(yīng)進(jìn)一步說明，故選G項(xiàng)。40.根據(jù)小標(biāo)題及D項(xiàng)中的“pleaseallthepeople”與該段中的“thequantityofpeopletoplease”相呼應(yīng)可知，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。第三部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Doyouthinkyouhavewhatittakestobeasuccessfulscientist?Asuccessfulscientistisgenerallyagoodobserver.Hemakesfull41ofthefactsheobserves.Hedoesn’tacceptideaswhicharenot42onobviousfacts,andthereforerefusestoacceptauthorityastheonly43fortruth.Healwayschecksideas44andmakesexperimentstoprovethem.Theriseofmodernsciencemayperhapsbeconsideredto45asfarbackasthetimeofRogerBacon,thewonderfulphilosopherofOxford,wholivedbetweentheyears1214and1292.HewasprobablythefirstintheMiddleAgesto46thatweshouldlearnscience47observingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus,andhehimself48manyimportanttruths.Galileo(15641642),49,wholivedmorethan300yearslater,wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmeninItaly,France,Germany,andEngland,whobegantoshowhowmanyimportant50couldbediscoveredbyobservationbydegrees.BeforeGalileo,learnedmenbelievedthatlargebodies51morerapidlytowardstheearththansmallones,52Aristotlesaidso.ButGalileo,goingtothe53oftheLeaningTowerofPisa,letfalltwo54stonesandprovedAristotlewaswrong.ItisGalileo’s55ofgoingdirecttonature,andprovingour56andtheoriesbyexperiment,thathas57allthediscoveriesofmodernscience.What58thosepeoplegoodscientists?FromtheexampleofGalileo,weknowclearlythat59scientistsarethosewhoseobservationshave60betterresults.41.A.use B.sense C.speed D.trust42.A.relied B.based C.insisted D.centered43.A.reason B.cause C.advice D.result44.A.casually B.carefully C.quickly D.privately45.A.date B.keep C.look D.e46.A.mand B.suspect C.suggest D.conclude47.A.in B.with C.on D.by48.A.brought B.discovered C.handled D.announced49.A.however B.therefore C.seldom D.never50.A.truths B.problems C.investigations D.subjects51.A.threw B.fell C.ran D.rolled52.A.although B.because C.when D.if53.A.place B.foot C.top D.ceiling54.A.big B.small C.similar D.unequal55.A.spirit B.skill C.theory D.wish56.A.plans B.opinions C.world D.ability57.A.ledto B.turnedto C.setup D.putforward58.A.makes B.prevents C.considers D.promises59.A.reasonable B.successful C.expert D.sensitive60.A.foreseen B.rejected C.produced D.challenged【答案】4145ABABA 4650CDBAA 5155BBCDA 5660BAABC【解析】本文為議論文。一個(gè)科學(xué)家應(yīng)該具備出色的洞察力，不能盲目相信他人，應(yīng)該通過觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)來獲得正確的觀點(diǎn)和理論。41.考查固定詞組。A.use：使用；B.sense：意識(shí)；C.speed：速度；D.trust：信任。根據(jù)語境可知此處是makefulluseof“充分利用，充分使用”這一固定詞組。故A選項(xiàng)正確。42.考查固定詞組。A.relied：依靠；B.based：基于；C.insisted：堅(jiān)持；D.centered：集中。根據(jù)該空前的“Hedoesn’tacceptideas”和后面的“onobviousfacts”可知選B。bebasedon是固定詞組，表示以……為基礎(chǔ)，基于。43.考查名詞。句意：為了真相，他拒絕接受權(quán)威作為唯一的理由。A.reason：理由；B.cause：起因；C.advice：建議；D.result：結(jié)果。結(jié)合下文他總是自己觀察做實(shí)驗(yàn)去證實(shí)，故A選項(xiàng)正確。44.考查副詞。A.casually：隨便地；B.carefully：仔細(xì)地；C.quickly：迅速地；D.privately：私下地。此處表示仔細(xì)地梳理想法。故B選項(xiàng)正確。45.考查動(dòng)詞。A.dateback：追溯到；B.keepback：阻止；C.lookback：回顧；D.eback：回來。由下文的theyears1214and1292可知，現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的興起可以追溯到很早的時(shí)期。故A選項(xiàng)正確。46.考查動(dòng)詞。A.mand：命令；B.suspect：懷疑；C.suggest：建議；D.conclude：推斷。根據(jù)空后的內(nèi)容可知，這里應(yīng)是RogerBacon提出的建議。故C選項(xiàng)正確。47.考查介詞。A.in：在……中；B.with：隨著；C.on：在……上；D.by：通過。根據(jù)后面的“observingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus”可知，此處表示通過觀察我們周圍的事物并做實(shí)驗(yàn)。故D選項(xiàng)正確。48.考查動(dòng)詞。A.brought：帶來；B.discovered：發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.handled：處理；D.announced：宣布。結(jié)合空后的manyimportanttruths可知，他本人發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多重要的真理。故B選項(xiàng)正確。49.考查副詞。A.however：然而；B.therefore：所以；C.seldom：很少；D.never：從不。上文說RogerBacon也許是中世紀(jì)第一個(gè)建議通過觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)的方式來學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)的人，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折，然而，伽利略是幾個(gè)偉大的人物中最偉大的一個(gè)。故A選項(xiàng)正確。50.考查名詞。A.truths：事實(shí)，真理；B.problems：問題；C.investigations：調(diào)查；D.subjects：主題。由空后的“couldbediscoveredbyobservation”可知，很多真理可以通過觀察而被發(fā)現(xiàn)。上文中的manyimportanttruths也是提示。故A選項(xiàng)正確。51.考查動(dòng)詞。A.threw：扔；B.fell：落下；C.ran：跑；D.rolled：滾動(dòng)。根據(jù)下文中的letfall可知，空處應(yīng)選fell。故B選項(xiàng)正確。52.考查連詞。A.although：雖然；B.because：因?yàn)椋籆.when：當(dāng)……的時(shí)候；D.if：如果。根據(jù)Aristotlesaidso可知，這里表示因?yàn)閬喞锸慷嗟率沁@樣說的。故B選項(xiàng)正確。53.考查名詞。A.place：地方；B.foot：腳下；C.top：頂部；D.ceiling：天花板。結(jié)合空后的oftheLeaningTowerofPisa可知，伽利略跑到了比薩斜塔的塔頂。故C選項(xiàng)正確。54.考查形容詞。A.big：大的；B.small：小的；C.similar：相似的；D.unequal：不均等的。此處表示使用了兩塊不同重量的石頭，故D選項(xiàng)正確。55.考查名詞。A.spirit：精神；B.skill：技能；C.theory：理論；D.wish：愿望。由后面的“ofgoingdirecttonature”可知，此處表示科學(xué)精神（sprint）。故A選項(xiàng)正確。56.考查名詞。A.plans：計(jì)劃；B.opinions：觀點(diǎn)；C.world：世界；D.ability：能力。與后面“andtheoriesbyexperiment”中的theories呼應(yīng)，此處表示通過實(shí)驗(yàn)證明我們的觀點(diǎn)和理論。故B選項(xiàng)正確。57.考查動(dòng)詞。A.ledto：導(dǎo)致；B.turnedto：轉(zhuǎn)向；C.setup：建立；D.putforward：提出。這里是說正是伽利略的這種精神使得現(xiàn)代科學(xué)能有所發(fā)現(xiàn)。結(jié)合語境。故A選項(xiàng)正確。58.考查動(dòng)詞。A.makes：使得；B.prevents：阻止；C.considers：考慮；D.promises：許諾。此處是說什么使這些人成為好的科學(xué)家。故A選項(xiàng)正確。59.考查形容詞。A.reasonable：理智的；B.successful：成功的；C.expert：熟練的；D.sensitive：敏感的。此處是指成功的科學(xué)家。故B選項(xiàng)正確。60.考查動(dòng)詞。A.foreseen：預(yù)見；B.rejected：拒絕；C.produced：生產(chǎn)；D.challenged：挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)語境，此處指那些科學(xué)家們的觀察得出了更好的結(jié)果。故C選項(xiàng)正確。第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）第三部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第二節(jié)（共10小題，每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thewarmweatheroutsidemaylookperfectforoutdoorexercise.Butforthose61arenotthatsporty,whatwouldbe62(nice)thanhavingrelaxingafternoonteawithafewgoodfriendsandtaking63break?Butareyoufamiliarwiththecultureofafternoonteaitsorigins,what64(include),andtheproperetiquette(禮儀)?WesumupafewthingsyouneedtoknowaboutthistraditionalEnglishcustomsothatyoucanenjoyitmore.Whilethetraditionof65(drink)teadatesbacktoabout3000BCinChina,itwasnotuntilthemid17thcenturythattheconceptof“afternoontea”first66(appear)intheUK.In1840,AnnaMariaRussell,theseventhDuchessofBedford,startedtoaskforateatraywithbutter,breadandcakesat4pmeveryday,67shefoundshewashungryatthattimeeverydayandtheeveningmealinherhousewasservedlateat8pm.Shefoundthisnewhabitdifficult68(break)andsooninvitedotherladiestojoinher.Thispauseforteaquicklybecameafashionablesocialevent.69the1880s,theupperclasswouldputongowns,70(glove)andhatsfortheirafternoontea.【答案】61.who 62.nicer 63.a 64.isincluded 65.drinking66.appeared 67.as/for/because 68.tobreak 69.During/In 70.gloves【解析】本文介紹了英式下午茶的起源。61.考查關(guān)系代詞。分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為those，指人，并在從句中做主語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。故填who。62.考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)語境及空后的than可知，此處應(yīng)使用比較級(jí)。故填nicer。63.考查冠詞。takeabreak意為休息一下，是固定短語。故填a。64.考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；且此處表示被動(dòng)，故填isincluded。65.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處要用動(dòng)詞ing形式作介詞of的賓語。故填drinking。66.考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語untilthemid17thcentury可知，此處用一般過去時(shí)。故填appeared。67.考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，前后表示因果關(guān)系。故填as/for/because。68.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處表示她發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)新習(xí)慣難以改掉，根據(jù)空前表示性質(zhì)的形容詞difficult可知，這里應(yīng)用不定式。故填tobreak。69.考查介詞。During/Inthe1880s意為在19世紀(jì)80年代。故填During/In。70.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。glove為可數(shù)名詞，且其前沒有限定詞，故此處要用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填gloves。第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一