高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題型及解題技巧

常春藤教育：長(zhǎng)期開(kāi)設(shè)株洲中小學(xué)各科一帶一、一帶二特輔，10人內(nèi)精品小班地址：株洲市蘆淞區(qū)三三一愛(ài)爾眼科醫(yī)院旁常春藤教育咨詢(xún)：28256370閱讀理解題型及解題技巧1.細(xì)節(jié)理解2.猜測(cè)詞義

3.推理判斷4.主旨大意5.觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度6.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題型及解題技巧123456主旨大意細(xì)節(jié)理解觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度篇章結(jié)構(gòu)推理判斷猜測(cè)詞義閱讀技巧細(xì)節(jié)理解本類(lèi)試題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問(wèn)題包括詢(xún)問(wèn)人(who)、物(what)、時(shí)間(when)、地點(diǎn)(where)、原因(cause)、結(jié)果(effect)、文中的數(shù)據(jù)(data)等。新聞、說(shuō)明文、廣告信息等常?？疾檫@些細(xì)節(jié)。常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題形式有：Whichofthefollowingistrue/falseexcept…?Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept…三正一誤三誤一正1.Accordingtothepassage,who/what/

which/when/Where/why/how/howmany/howmuch/howlong/Howsoon/howoften,etc.?2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue/nottrue?3.Accordingtothepassage,WhichofthefollowingIsnotmentioned?4.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT___.5.Inthepassagethewritestatesthat____.6.Choosethebestorderinwhichthepeopledo________.2.定義；3.比較；４.年代與數(shù)字5.原因和結(jié)果此類(lèi)試題的答案一般可以在文章中直接或間接找到,但不可能與閱讀材料一模一樣。SampleIHooverDamlies______.A.betweenArizonaandNevada

B.intheBlackCanyonC.betweenNewYorkandSanFrancisco D.bothAandBThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad，whichisonthetopofthedam.Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside.……

ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam，oneofthehighestdamsintheworld，issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.2.定義；3.比較；４.年代與數(shù)字5.原因和結(jié)果此類(lèi)試題的答案一般可以在文章中直接或間接找到,但不可能與閱讀材料一模一樣。HooverDamlies______.A.betweenArizonaandNevada

B.intheBlackCanyonC.betweenNewYorkandSanFrancisco D.bothAandBSampleISampleIIWhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.

B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.

C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.

D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，…

BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.SampleIIWhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.

B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.

C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.

D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.movedMissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，…

BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.takenAccordingtoscientists,theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis

.A．greenhousegasemissions[i5miFEn]散發(fā)

inindustrializednationsB．highersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseaC．continuousglobalwarming D．risingsealevelsSampleII…reportedtotheEarthPolicyInstitutethatthenationsufferedanunusauallyhighnumberoffiercestormsinthepasttenyears.Manyscientistsconnecthighersurfacewatertemperaturesresultingfromglobalwarmingtogreaterandmoredamagingstorms.connecttoAccordingtoscientists,theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis

.A．greenhousegasemissions[i5miFEn]散發(fā)

inindustrializednationsB．highersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseaC．continuousglobalwarming D．risingsealevelsSampleIILaupepawasnotsatisfiedwiththeUnitedStatesbecauseitdidnot

.A.agreetoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionsB．signanagreementwithTuvaluC．a(chǎn)llowTuvaluanstomovetotheUSD.believetheproblemsfacingTuvaluwererealSampleIIILaupepaexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeUnitedStatesforrefusingtosigntheKyotoProtocol,aninternationalagreementcallingforindustrializednationstoreducetheirgreenhousegasemissions,whichareamaincauseofglobalwarming.“Byrefusingtosigntheagreement,theUShaseffectivelytakenawaythefreedomoffuturegenerationsofTuvaluantolivethere,”LaupepatoldtheBBC.LaupepawasnotsatisfiedwiththeUnitedStatesbecauseitdidnot

.A.agreetoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionsB．signanagreementwithTuvaluC．a(chǎn)llowTuvaluanstomovetotheUSD.believetheproblemsfacingTuvaluwererealSampleIII(成心用與原文中一模一樣的詞來(lái)迷惑考生)?JackLondon’slastdayswere______.

A.usualonesB.notpooronesC.richonesD.unhappyonesSampleIVJackLondonwasafamousAmericanwriter.Heburnedhimselfoutwhenhewas40.Hethoughtofhismother,Flora,whohadneverbeenaveryresponsibleperson.Hewassureshewasmentallyillandthathewasbecominglikeher.Atlasthebecametootiredtocare.Hewouldnotworkandcontinuedtospendmoneyhedidnothave.Hewouldnotchangehislife,orhiswriting,perhapshecouldnot.JackLondon’slastdayswere______.

A.usualonesB.notpooronesC.richonesD.unhappyonesSampleIVYouhavetopayatleast______ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato.A.$5,250B.$8,000C.$9,000D.$11,000SampleVTuitionFees(學(xué)費(fèi))

Tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment,generallyfrom$5,000to$6,000ayear.Forfurtherinformation:tui@waikato．a(chǎn)c．nz.

Accommodation(住宿)

Youcanhavearoomina4-bedroomflat,whichwillcostabout$100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout$150amonthforoneperson.Forfurtherinformation:acc@waikato．a(chǎn)c．nz$5000(學(xué)費(fèi))+$100(住宿費(fèi))x12(months)+$150(生活費(fèi))x12=$8000．Youhavetopayatleast______ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato.A.$5,250B.$8,000C.$9,000D.$11,000SampleVWhichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwiththecomputerizedshoppingcarts?a.Startthesystem.b.Makeashoppinglist.c.Findthethingsyouwant.d.Gotoaself-checkoutstand.A.abdc B.bacdC.acbdD.bcadSampleVPeoplecanuseahomecomputertomaketheirshoppinglists.Onceatthestore,ashoppercanuseapreferredcustomercardtostartasystem(系統(tǒng))thatwillorganizethetriparoundthestore.Ifyou'relookingfortoothpicks,youtypeinthewordorpickitfromalist,andamapwillappearonthescreenshowingwhereyouareandwhereyoucanfindthem.Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwiththecomputerizedshoppingcarts?a.Startthesystem.b.Makeashoppinglist.c.Findthethingsyouwant.d.Gotoaself-checkoutstand.A.abdc B.bacdC.acbdD.bcadSampleV猜測(cè)詞義QuestionForm(1)Theword“…”inLine…means/canbebestreplacedby…(2)Asusedinthepassage,thephrase“…”suggests…(3)Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase“…”is/refersto…(4)Theword“…”isclosestinmeaningto…根據(jù)解釋確定詞義技巧11.Socialmobilityisthemovementfromoneclassorleveloflivingtoanother.2.Theotherquestionedtheveracity--–thetruthfulnessofthesereports.社會(huì)流動(dòng)性真實(shí)性3.Heisaresoluteman,oncehesetsupa

goal,hewillnotgiveitupeasily.4.Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertained

thechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.堅(jiān)決的變戲法者根據(jù)比照確定詞義技巧2Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.一片混亂根據(jù)邏輯確定詞義技巧3Ifyouarecapableofworkingtwelvehoursadaywithoutarest,andifyoucanengageinphysicalexerciseforhourswithoutseemingtogettired,thenyouareindefatigable.不知疲倦的根據(jù)上下文情景確定詞義技巧4Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”inthesecondparagraphmeans___.AcleaningupBtakinginCwipingoutDgivingoutRainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear:equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.根據(jù)上下文情景確定詞義技巧4Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”inthesecondparagraphmeans___.

AcleaningupBtakinginCwipingoutDgivingoutTrytodothefollowingexercises:根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)各題中劃線(xiàn)詞的詞義1.Theoffspringofapairofbirdsleavethenestwhentheyarebigenoughtofly．

A．childrenB．a(chǎn)ncestorsC．generationsD．mates2.ThereisastackofpapersonMr.Green’sdesk．

A．pieceB．balanceC．mixtureD．pile3.Beforeyoubuysomething，checkthe

qualityfirst．Forexample,ifitischeap,itmightnotbegood．

A．howgooditisB．whatthecolorisC．whatthesizeisD．howbigitis4.Pleasegivemeyourrecipeforthiscake，

soIcanmakeittoo．

A．a(chǎn)dishB．directionsforcookingC．a(chǎn)mealD．directionstoyourhouse5.Beforeababylearnstowalk,ithasto

crawlonthefloor．

A．walkontwofeetB．flyC．sitinachairD．moveonthehandsandknees6.Mr.Brownisanamateur

photographer．Heisanengineer．Butinhisfreetimehelikestotakepictures．

A.asahobbyB．formoneyC．a(chǎn)sajobD．a(chǎn)swork7.ThissmallChristmastreeismadeofplastic．Itisnotarealtree．Itis

artificial．

A.beautifulB.notnaturalC.foraspecialholidayD．inanartmuseum8.whalesandelephantsaregigantic

animals．Nootheranimalscancomparewiththeminsize．

A.smallB．landC．seaD．huge9.Thekiwilaysthelargesteggsintheworld.Thestrangethingaboutthekiwiisthatitcannotfly．

A·akindoffishB．a(chǎn)kindofcatC.akindofrockD．a(chǎn)kindofbird10.SomeAfricanscarvebeautifulhumanandanimalfiguresoutofwood．Theyselltheircarvingstostoresandmuseums．

A．drawB．beatC．heatD．cut11.Chickenpoxcanbeveryseriousforachildwhoisnotingoodhealth．Thechilddevelopsredspots，andfeelshotanduncomfortable．Ahealthychildgetswellquickly．

A．a(chǎn)kindofanimalB．a(chǎn)kindoffoodC．a(chǎn)kindofchildhooddiseaseD．a(chǎn)lackofpurewater12.Alishowedtheclassapictureofhim,hiswife，andtheirbaby．Pierre'sfamilyhaslivedintheeastofCanadafortwohundredyears．TheirancestorscamefromFrance．

A.familymembersfromalongtimeagoB.grandparentsandtheirgrandchildrenC.parents,grandparentsandgreat-grandparentsD．familymembersalllivingatthesametime推理判斷1.不選擇照抄原文的選項(xiàng)，要選擇要有同義詞解釋的選項(xiàng)。2.不選事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)選項(xiàng)3.不選非事實(shí)選項(xiàng)4.選概括性/哲理性的選項(xiàng)技巧常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題形式:1.Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat______2.Thepassagesuggests/impliesthat____3.Bythefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theauthormeans_____4.Wecanconcludethat_________.5.Whenthewritertalksabout...,whathereallymeansisthat_____.6.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?1.Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitress'agebecausehethought___________.A.shewasyoungB.itapleasuretomakefriendswithherC.shewasbeautifulD.itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim2.Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause___________.A.shelivednearhishouseB.heoftenwenttovisithermotherC.shewantedtobefriendlywithhimD.shelovedhimverymuchWhentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday,Iwasveryhappy.ShewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI.Onedayshesignedmetocomenear.WhenIwalkedover,sheasked,”Areyousingle?"“Why,yes."Ianswered,smilingatherhappily.“Soismymother."shesaid,“Wouldyouliketomeether?"1.Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitress'agebecausehethought___________.A.shewasyoungB.itapleasuretomakefriendswithherC.shewasbeautifulD.itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim2.Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause___________.A.shelivednearhishouseB.heoftenwenttovisithermotherC.shewantedtobefriendlywithhimD.shelovedhimverymuch1.Accordingtothemessenger'sanswer,thevisitorcanconcludethat_________A.Themessengerlivesonthewesternsideoftheislandbecausehetellsthetruth.B.themessengerlivesontheeasternsideoftheislandbecausehisanswermaybealie.C.it'shardtodeterminewhetherthemessengerisatruthtellerornot.D.themessengerprobablylivesinthewesternsideoftheislandbecausehisanswermaybetrue.Sample22.Thenativeinthedistancesayshelivesonthewesternsideoftheisland.Accordingtohisanswer,whichconclusionofthefollowingiswrong?A.Hemayliveontheeasternsideoftheisland.B.Hemayliveonthewesternsideoftheisland.C.Hemaybetellingthetruth.D.Hecan'tbetellingthetruth.Avisitorvisitsanislandwheretwotribeslive.Onetribealwaystellsthetruthandtheotheralwayslies.Thetruthtellersliveonthewesternsideoftheisland,andthosewholieliveontheeasternside.Thevisitorwantstodeterminewhetherthenativebesidehimisatruthtellerornotbyaskingonlyonequestion.Heasksthenative,”Goandaskthenativeinthedistancewhichsideoftheislandheliveson.”Whenthemessengerreturns,hesays,"Hesaidhelivesonthewesternsideoftheisland."Isthemessengeratruthtellerornot?Howcanthevisitorbesure?1.Accordingtothemessenger'sanswer,thevisitorcanconcludethat_________A.Themessengerlivesonthewesternsideoftheislandbecausehetellsthetruth.B.themessengerlivesontheeasternsideoftheislandbecausehisanswermaybealie.C.it'shardtodeterminewhetherthemessengerisatruthtellerornot.D.themessengerprobablylivesinthewesternsideoftheislandbecausehisanswermaybetrue.Sample22.Thenativeinthedistancesayshelivesonthewesternsideoftheisland.Accordingtohisanswer,whichconclusionofthefollowingiswrong?A.Hemayliveontheeasternsideoftheisland.B.Hemayliveonthewesternsideoftheisland.C.Hemaybetellingthetruth.D.Hecan'tbetellingthetruth.1.Whydopeopleputhotmetalinwater?A.Tomakeithard.B.Tomakeitsoft.C.Tomakeitcool.D.Tomakeitbrittle.2.Inannealing,therequiredhardnessofmetaldependson__.A.thequantityofwaterusedB.thetemperatureofthemetalC.thesoftnessofthemetalD.thetimingoftheoperationSample33.Assuggestedbythetext,howcanglassbemadelessbrittle?A.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledquickly.B.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedslowly.C.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledslowly.D.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedquickly.Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.Ifmetalisheatedandthencooledveryquickly,forexamplebydipping(浸)itinwater,itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle-thatis,itwillbreakeasily.Metalthathasbeenannealedissoftbutdoesnotbreakaseasily.Itispossibletomakemetalashardorassoftasitiswished,byannealingit.Themetalisheated,andallowedtocoolslowlyforacertainlengthoftime.Thelongertheheatedmetaltakestocoolslowly,thesofteritbecomes.Annealingcanalsobeusedonothermaterial,suchasglass.1.Whydopeopleputhotmetalinwater?A.Tomakeithard.B.Tomakeitsoft.C.Tomakeitcool.D.Tomakeitbrittle.2.Inannealing,therequiredhardnessofmetaldependson___________.A.thequantityofwaterusedB.thetemperatureofthemetalC.thesoftnessofthemetalD.thetimingoftheoperationSample33.Assuggestedbythetext,howcanglassbemadelessbrittle?A.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledquickly.B.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedslowly.C.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledslowly.D.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedquickly.主旨大意

考查考生技巧加工與濃縮信息的能力1.標(biāo)題類(lèi)常見(jiàn)的題型:1.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe____.2.Thetext(passage)couldbeentitled

.3.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?1.Thispassagechieflydealswith____.2.What’sthetopicofthearticle?3.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?4.Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?大意類(lèi)常見(jiàn)題型Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthe

passageis______.Thepassageismeantto_____Thepurposeofthisarticleis_______目的主旨大意常見(jiàn)題型主題句呈現(xiàn)的形式A.文首提出主題,隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)解釋,支撐或開(kāi)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想.最常見(jiàn)的演繹法寫(xiě)作方式。1.Thepandaisapopularanimal.StoriesaboutthepandaintheWashingtonZooarealwaysfrontpagenewsandimportantfeaturesontelevisionnewscasts.Stuffedpandasareamongthemostpopulartoysforchildren,andpandapostcardsarealwaysindemandinzoogiftshops.Sample1Sample2Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeonearthwillnotsurvive.B.文尾

在表述細(xì)節(jié)后,歸納要點(diǎn),印象,結(jié)論建議或結(jié)果,以概括主題.這是英語(yǔ)中最常見(jiàn)的歸納法寫(xiě)作方式。Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.C.文中通常前面只提出問(wèn)題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或符合邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出,而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋,支撐或開(kāi)展。Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightinadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhandacamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.無(wú)主題句即主題句隱含在全文中,沒(méi)有明確的主題句.必須根據(jù)文篇中所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般概念。必須注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過(guò)于寬泛，要恰如其分。Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer.B.Binghamisadiligentstudent.

C.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation..JoshuaBinghamstudied4yearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer.B.Binghamisadiligentstudent.

C.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.觀(guān)點(diǎn)和態(tài)度理解作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)和態(tài)度題：既考查學(xué)生對(duì)字面意思的理解，也考查學(xué)生對(duì)作者寫(xiě)作目的、態(tài)度、觀(guān)點(diǎn)等的理解。正確理解作者的寫(xiě)作意圖，所持的觀(guān)點(diǎn)及闡述文章主題時(shí)語(yǔ)氣或他對(duì)所論述的對(duì)象的態(tài)度。假設(shè)你是作者，你為什么要寫(xiě)本文？此類(lèi)考題的主要形式：1.Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthisstoryis______.2.Thetextdiscussesmenandwomen50,000yearsfromnowinordertoshowthat_____.識(shí)別三種作者使用的表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度及觀(guān)點(diǎn)的詞匯，以及承接上下文的連接詞。注意：貶義：disgust,critical,negative,

tolerant,disappointment褒義:

positive,wonder,support,useful,interesting,enthusiasm,admiring…中立:

indifferent,impassive,uninterested,ambivalent,neutral,apathetic,humor,disinterested,disinterestTheauthorappears___modernadvertising.

A.tolikeB.tobeindifferenttoC.todislikeD.toknowhowtodealwithe.g.Oneofthemostauthoritativevoicesspeakingtoustodayis,ofcourse,thevoiceoftheadvertisers.