聯(lián)合國亞太經(jīng)社會（UNESCAP）：供應(yīng)鏈的可持續(xù)性：通過印度尼西亞國家單一窗口系統(tǒng)單一提交貨運申請的效率和有效性分析

SustainabilityintheSupplyChain:Analysingthe

EfficiencyandEffectivenessoftheSingleSubmissionofFreightTransportApplicationthroughtheIndonesiaNationalSingleWindowSystem

RotuaNurainiTampubolonandIhsanAndrinal

UnitedNationsNetworkofExpertsforPaperlessTradeandTransportinAsiaandthePacific

WorkingPaper

No.912024

TheUnitedNationsNetworkofExpertsforPaperlessTradeandTransportinAsiaandthePacific(UNNExT)isacommunityofknowledgeandpracticeforexpertsfromdevelopingcountriesandtransitioneconomiesfromAsiaandthePacificinvolvedintheimplementationofelectronictradesystemsandtradefacilitation.Thenetworkaimstosupportnational,sub-regionalandtranscontinentalSingleWindowandpaperlesstradeinitiatives,withanemphasisontraining,knowledgesharing,andapplicationofinternationalstandardsthataredevelopedbytheUnitedNationsCentreforTradeFacilitationandElectronicBusiness(UN/CEFACT),theWorldCustomsOrganization,andotherrelevantorganizations.TheUNNExTSecretariatisprovidedbyESCAPincooperationwithUNECE.

TheUNNExTWorkingPaperSeriesdisseminatesthefindingsofworkinprogresstoencouragetheexchangeofideasabouttradefacilitationissues.Anobjectiveoftheseriesistopublishthefindingsquickly,evenifthepresentationsarelessthanfullypolished.UNNExTWorkingPapersareavailableonlineat

/.

AllmaterialintheWorkingPapersmaybefreelyquotedorreprinted,butacknowledgmentisrequestedtogetherwithacopyofthepublicationcontainingthequotationorreprint.TheuseoftheWorkingPapersforanycommercialpurpose,includingresale,isprohibited.

Disclaimer:

ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofthematerialinthisWorkingPaperdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheSecretariatoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,city,orarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.Wherethedesignation“countryorarea”appears,itcoverscountries,territories,cities,orareas.Bibliographicalandotherreferenceshave,whereverpossible,beenverified.TheUnitedNationsbearsnoresponsibilityfortheavailabilityorfunctioningofURLs.Theviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheUnitedNations.Theopinions,figuresandestimatessetforthinthispublicationaretheresponsibilityoftheauthor(s)andshouldnotnecessarilybeconsideredasreflectingtheviewsorcarryingtheendorsementoftheUnitedNations.Anyerrorsaretheresponsibilityoftheauthor(s).ThementionoffirmnamesandcommercialproductsdoesnotimplytheendorsementoftheUnitedNations.

?UNNExT2024

iii

UNNExT

UnitedNationsNetworkofExpertsforPaperless

TradeandTransportinAsiaandthePacific

WORKINGPAPER

SustainabilityintheSupplyChain:AnalysingtheEfficiencyand

EffectivenessoftheSingleSubmissionofFreightTransport

ApplicationthroughtheIndonesiaNationalSingleWindowSystem

RotuaNurainiTampubolon1andIhsanAndrinal2

Pleasecitethispaperas:

RotuaNurainiTampubolonandIhsanAndrinal(2024).“SustainabilityintheSupplyChain:AnalysingtheEfficiencyandEffectivenessoftheSingleSubmissionofFreightTransportApplicationthroughtheIndonesiaNationalSingleWindowSystem",UNNEXTWorkingPaperSeriesNo.9,February2024,Bangkok,ESCAP.

Availableat

/

Acknowledgement:

Thispaperisasubmissionforthe2023ESCAP-UNCTAD-UNIDO-ARTNeTcallforpapers,underthetheme"UnleashingDigitalTradeandInvestmentforSustainableDevelopment."TheauthorisgratefulforthevaluablefeedbackandsupportfromthepeerreviewersattheESCAPSecretariat,whoseconstructiveinputwaspivotalinrefiningandfinalizingthiswork.

1AnalystofInternationalAffairsPartnership,IndonesiaNationalSingleWindowAgency,MinistryofFinance,Indonesia.Email:rotua.tampubolon@kemenkeu.go.id.

2SystemAnalyst,IndonesiaNationalSingleWindowAgency,MinistryofFinance,Indonesia.Email:

ihsan.andrinal@kemenkeu.go.id.

iv

Abstract

Innovationininformationcommunicationtechnology(ICT),particularlyintradefacilitationactivities,isoneofthegoalstargetedintheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs).Theuseofuser-friendlytechnologyisthestartingpointoftheeffortsthathavebeenmadesothatinnovationcanbeacceptedandadoptedbypotentialusers.TheSingleSubmissionofFreightTransportApplication(SSmPengangkutortheSSmofFreightTransportApplication)isaninnovationinitiatedbytheGovernmentoftheRepublicofIndonesiatoencouragethesimplificationoftheprocessofprocessingportlicensingdocumentsbyusingsinglewindowtechnology.Thisstudyaimstodeterminetimeeffectiveness,costefficiency,transparency,andtheroleoftheSSmofFreightTransportapplicationaspartofthemaritimesinglewindowinsupportingtheSDGs.Researchdatawassourcedfromquestionnairessenttoshippingagents,literaturereviews,andinterviewswithgovernmentofficials.ThisresearchalsoconducteddatatriangulationwithviewsfromtheSDGsexpertsandstakeholdersregardingtheimplementationofSSmofFreightTransport.ItisfoundthattheSSmofFreightTransportapplicationhasanimpactontimeeffectiveness,costefficiency,andtransparencyintheprocessingofshipandportclearancedocumentsattheseaport.TheSSmofFreightTransportapplicationminimisesredundancyinsubmittingdocumentsthroughasingleentrypoint(INSWS)toseveralMinistries/AgenciesinIndonesia(MinistryofFinance,MinistryofTransportation,MinistryofHealth,andMinistryofLawandHumanRights)atonetime,reducingprocessingtimeandoperationalcostsaswellastransparencyineachsubmissionprocess.ThetradefacilitationthathasbeenachievedthroughtheSSmofFreightTransportapplicationisaconcreteexampleoftheimplementationofthemaritimesinglewindowconcept,whichwillcontributetoSDGs8,9and13inparticular.

Keywords:MaritimeSingleWindow,SingleSubmission,SSmPengangkut(theSSmofFreightTransportApplication),INSW,automation,SDGs

JELCodes:F18,L91,O24,R41

v

TableofContents

Abstract iv

ListofFigures vi

AcronymsandAbbreviations vii

1.Introduction 1

1.1Background 1

1.2IndonesiaNationalSingleWindow 1

1.3SSmofFreightTransportApplication 5

1.4MaritimeSingleWindow 7

1.5SustainableDevelopmentGoals 8

2.ResearchMethodology 9

2.1TypeandDataResource 9

2.2ResearchMethod 9

2.3PopulationandResearchSample 9

2.4SamplingTechnique 10

2.5TypesofDataAnalysis 10

3.ResearchResultsandDiscussion 11

3.1TimeEffectivenessoftheUseoftheSSmofFreightTransportApplication 11

3.2CostEfficiencyfortheUseoftheSSmofFreightTransportApplication 12

3.3Transparency 13

3.4TheroleofthemaritimesinglewindowinsupportingtheSustainableDevelopment

Goals(SDGs) 14

3.5ResponsesofMinistry/AgencyRepresentativestotheSSmofFreightTransport

ApplicationPolicy 17

3.6PolicyViewsfromExpertsandStakeholders 18

3.7WhatNext:PilotProjectSingleBillingoftheSSmofFreightTransportApplication

20

4.ConclusionsandRecommendations 21

5.ImplicationsandLimitations 23

vi

ListofFigures

Figure1:IndonesiaNationalSingleWindowSystem 2

Figure2:TheConceptofSingleSubmission 3

Figure3:TheDashboardoftheSingleSubmissionSystemofFreightTransport

ApplicationforArrivalNotification 4

Figure4:TheDashboardoftheSingleSubmissionSystemofFreightTransport

ApplicationforDepartureNotification 4

Figure5:TheSSmofFreightTransportApplicationDataSuperset 5

Figure6:TheSSmofFreightTransportApplicationTrackingMenu 6

Figure7:EffectivenessoftimebeforeandafterimplementationoftheSSmofFreight

TransportApplication 12

Figure8:Efficiencyofoperationalcosts(numberofemployees)beforeandafterthe

implementationoftheSSmofFreightTransportApplication 13

Figure9:TransparencybeforeandaftertheSSmofFreightTransportApplication 14

Figure10:NumberofPaperSavingforCompletedShipArrivalSubmissionusingthe

SSmofFreightTransportApplication 16

Figure11:NumberofPaperSavingforCompletedShipDepartureSubmissionusing

theSSmofFreightTransportApplication 16

Figure12:TotalWeightofPaperSavingusingtheSSmofFreightTransportApplication

16

Figure13:SingleBillingMechanism 21

vii

AcronymsandAbbreviations

Bappenas

MinistryofNationalDevelopmentPlanning

BBM

FuelOil

CEISA

CustomsExciseInformationSystemandAutomation

CO

CertificateofOrigin

e-CO

ElectronicCertificateofOrigin

DGCE

DirectorateGeneralofCustomsandExcise

e-PHYTO

ElectronicPhytosanitary

DJA

DirectorateGeneralofBudget

FAL

FacilitationCommittee

ICT

InformationandCommunicationTechnology

IDR

IndonesiaRupiah

IMO

InternationalMaritimeOrganization

INSA

IndonesiaNationalShipownersAssociation

INSW

IndonesiaNationalSingleWindow

INSWS

IndonesiaNationalSingleWindowSystem

Inpres

PresedentialInstruction

Inaportnet

ShipandGoodsServiceStandardInformationSystem

ISP

InformationStrategyPlanning

IT

InformationTechnology

KPK

CorruptionEradicationCommission

LNSW

IndonesiaNationalSingleWindowAgency

LPI

LogisticsPerformanceIndex

NLE

NationalLogisticsEcosystem

NTPN

StateRevenueTransactionNumber

PNBP

Non-TaxStateRevenue

RENSTRA

StrategicPlan

SDGs

SustainableDevelopmentGoals

SPB

Ship’sSailingWarrant

SINKARKES

PortHealthInformationSystem

SSm

SingleSubmisson

SSm-QC

SingleSubmissionQuarantineandCustoms

StranasPK

NationalStrategyforCorruptionPrevention

TFA

TradeFacilitationAgreement

UN

UnitedNations

viii

UNCTAD

UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment

UNECE

UnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforEurope

UPT

TechnicalServiceUnit

WHO

WorldHealthOrganization

WTO

WorldTradeOrganization

1

1.Introduction

1.1Background

IssuesinthelogisticssectorareamajorchallengethatmustbefacedbyIndonesiaasamaritimecountry.AccordingtotheLogisticsPerformanceIndex(LPI)score,whichisassessedbytheWorldBank(Arvisetal.,2023),in2023Indonesiawasranked63rdintheworldwithascoreof3.0(scale0-5).However,therearesixaspectsofthemethodologyusedbytheWorldBanktomeasureacountry'slogisticsperformance,oneofwhichistheaspectoflicensingefficiency.Thisassessmentindicatorconcernsthespeed,simplicity,andgeneralformalityrequirements(underinternationalregulations)bybordercontrolagencies.Inaddition,basedondatafromtheUNGlobalSurveyonDigitalandSustainableTradeFacilitation(2023),whichwasjointlyinitiatedbytheUNRegionalCommissionsandUNCTAD,itisknownthatIndonesia'slogisticsperformance,especiallyrelatedtotradefacilitation,obtainedascoreof87.1%.Thissurveywasconductedin160countriesintheworldwith60digitalandsustainabletradefacilitationmeasures.BasedondatacompiledfromtheUNGlobalSurveyonDigitalandSustainableTradeFacilitation(2023),Indonesia'sscorefortransparencyis93.33%,formalitiesmeasureis95.83%,institutionalarrangementsandcooperationis77.78%,paperlesstradeis96.3%andcross-borderpaperlesstradeis61.11%.

VariousobstaclesareoftenexperiencedbyshippingagentsinIndonesiaasapartyentrustedbyexportersandimportersinlogisticsactivitiestosendgoodstobeimportedorexportedbysea.Duplicationandrepetitionofdocumentsarethemostcommonobstaclescomplainedaboutbyshippingagents.Examplesofthisduplicationandrepetitionofdocumentsincludethesubmissionofmanifestsofgoodsbyshippingagentsstartingfromtheharbormaster,terminaloperator,quarantineandcustomsandexcise,wherethemanifestdataisalsoneededbyseveralMinistries/Institutionsthathaveauthorityintheportarea.Inaddition,therearestillseveralMinistries/Agenciesandlogisticsentitiesthathavenotimplementedautomation/online(stillusinghardcopy)inthesubmissionofexport-importlicensingdocuments.Anotherissueisthatmostoftheautomated/onlinesystemsbuiltbyMinistries/Agenciesarestillinsilosandarenotinterconnectedinintegratingexport-importlicensingdocuments.Businessactorsalsooftenhavedifficultyknowingthestatusoflicensingdocumentsinrealtime.

1.2IndonesiaNationalSingleWindow

TosimplifythehandlingofportdocumentsrelatedtoexportsandimportsinIndonesia,PresidentialRegulationNumber44of2018(PeraturanPresidenNomor44Tahun2018,2018)concerningtheIndonesiaNationalSingleWindow(INSW)wasissued.InPresidentialRegulationNumber44(PeraturanPresidenNomor44Tahun2018,2018),INSWisanationalsystemintegrationthatallowsforasinglesubmissionofdataandinformation,singleandsynchronousprocessingofdataandinformation,andsingle

2

submissionofdecisionstograntcustomslicensesandreleasegoodsinaccordancewithstatutoryprovisions.

Figure1:IndonesiaNationalSingleWindowSystem

NationalSingleWindowofotherCountries

(InternationalTrade)

ASEANSingleWindow

(ASEANTrade)

TRADENET

INSWprovidesExecutive

InformationSystemto

monitorexportandimport

activities

Suppertfor

StrategieDectsionMaking

15GovernmentAgencieshavebeen

integratedtoINSWforExportand

ImportActivities

(PresidentialDecreeNo.44-2018)

PORTNET

AnothertransformationcarriedoutbytheIndonesiangovernmenttocollaborateonpublicandprivatelogisticsplatformsistheissuanceofPresidentialInstruction(Inpres)Number5of2020(InstruksiPresidenNomor5Tahun2020,2020)conceming

StructuringtheNationalLogisticsEcosystem.OneoftheactionplanscontainedinPresidentialDecreeNumber5of2020(InstruksiPresidenNomor5Tahun2020,2020)istofacilitateaccesstologisticsservicesthroughthecollaborationofgovernmentsystemsinthefieldofinformationtechnology-basedlogisticsactivitiestoeliminaterepetitionandduplication.Thecollaborationisintheformofamanifestsubmissionservicesystem,notificationofdeparture,andnotificationofshiparrivalbothinternationallyanddomesticallythroughtheSingleSubmissionSystemofFreightTransportApplication(SSm).TheIndonesiaNationalSingleWindowAgency(LNSW),3MinistryofFinanceistheagencyresponsibleformanagingtheSSmofFreightTransportApplicationthroughtheIndonesiaNationalSingleWindowSystem(INSWS).TheMinistries/AgencieswhosesystemsarerelatedtotheSSmTransportersaretheMinistryofFinance,theMinistryofTransportation,theMinistryofHealthandtheMinistryofLawandHumanRights.

3IndonesiaNationalSingleWindowAgencyorwhatwecallinIndonesiaasLembagaNationalSingleWindow(LNSW)isanagencythatisrunningtheNationalSingleWindowSystem(INSWS).Meanwhile,INSWistheecosystemthataccommodateallstakeholders(ministries/agencies)needsofdataintegrationthroughINSWS.

3

Figure2:TheConceptofSingleSubmission

InPresidentialRegulationNumber54of2018(PeraturanPresidenNomor54Tahun2018,2018)concerningtheNationalStrategyforCorruptionPrevention(StranasPK),theCorruptionEradicationCommission(KPK),theRepublicofIndonesiaalsotakespartintheactionplanforpreventingandimprovingservicesatports.ThisPortActionaimstoreformportgovernancetohaveanimpactontimeeffectivenessandcostefficiencyatports.Thissurelywillhaveanimpactonimprovingtheinvestmentclimateandincreasingthecompetitivenessofthenationaleconomy.IttookapproximatelyoneyearfortherelevantMinistries/AgenciestotryouttheSSmofFreightTransportApplicationthroughINSWSbeforefinallystartingdirectimplementationon1September2022at14Indonesianports.TheseportsarethePortsofBelawan,TanjungPriok,TanjungPerak,Makassar,Batam,Dumai,Lampung,Banten,TanjungEmas,Balikpapan,Palembang,Pontianak,Kendari,andSamarinda.Asof31July2023,therewere11,031supersetdataarrivalnotificationsand3,329supersetdatadeparturenotificationsusingtheSSmofFreightTransportApplicationsinceitwasimplementedon1September2022(LNSW2023).

4

Figure3:TheDashboardoftheSingleSubmissionSystemofFreightTransportApplicationforArrivalNotification

>SSMPENGANGKUT

SINGLESUBMISSIONPENGANGKUT·SSM

RanentarianNameTipaFigStartDate

AIRadatnrgan9/1/2022

LambapaNameParmchonan

JUMLAHPENGAJUAN

281

HAM

11,031

NemeeseranfeuanganimwartManfeit

0.628

DetallPermchonan

SemicaHumberTanggalSibmt

10101859673912023M07291208

2023M0729506PM

Femberitahuanfedatangan.

WartasasslkeadslinganSuratPertatupenMasik

2023M07311033AM

101018586259820223M07289-13M

155

wdn

2023M0728930PM

Fentertahuantedatangan.

1000

2023M07291122AM

umlxhPeangatunF

PENGANGKUT

EndDate

wuaaan

SearthServiceNumber:

aPnar

■)umlshPe

2022N112023MD12023M032023M5

5tatusWaltuLayanan

DistribusiPengejuan

2023M07289-16PM

100.00%

Ba1*g30an

AMRxSP

Pelabahan

3.504Mant

TrendPerm

Layaran

845Merit

ontni

PalubhuhanF

22Meit

22Meit

nSeesai

12Menr

Ontime

QMnt

Durasi

OMent

BMunt

Ontme

Ontme

Ontme

Dntme

Status

■

Fniah

Fnish

Fnsh

Fnst

Hest

0.5B4

per

SP

Figure4:TheDashboardoftheSingleSubmissionSystemofFreightTransportApplicationforDepartureNotification

>SSMPENGANGKUT

SINGLESUBMISSIONPENGANGKUT·SSMPENGANGKUT

9//2022vmanzi

ipaFias寫StartDatea

,

UMLAHPENGAJUAN

3,329

LembapeName

HAM

Pemohonan

Phuneangstaawaskaral

934

CutwardMsnlfest

758

919

SearchServiceNumber

mighPamohonan5elsa

SencemberTangielSuemitNamePengauStatsLayaranr

10201898673982023M0729241FMatagaoalgedatganHoA

M

0201898673962023M07296-46FaH

HeA

159Menit

0201898673952023M07291144AM

Hc9A

203Menf

2023M07305-03PMOtwardManifastfmmh

Ho氧點

2Ment

202260708R

e究A

127end

10201898673942023M0730650PMhsrEKapaledaLargenFinsh

NoA

102Meng

2022M092022M112023W012023M032023M052023NOT

10201898673922023M07291057AMWstafaoalfedatsrgan

Fnnh

Ho級A

731Ment

10201898625992023M072710-54PWartatapnlwedatFan

NeSLA

91Menit

5

1.3SSmofFreightTransportApplication

IntheSSmofFreightTransportApplication,fourservicescanbeutilisedbyshippingagents,namelysupersetagents,shipsupersets,goodssupersetsandpeoplesupersets.BeforetheSSmofFreightTransportApplication,shippingagentswererequiredtoinputandprocesstherequireddocumentstotherespectiveMinistries/Agenciesand/orrelatedunits.TherepetitionoffillinginthedocumentsforthearrivalanddepartureoftheshiptoeachMinistry/Agencyistime-consuming,labour-intensiveandcostly.Likeabreathoffreshair,thepresenceoftheSSmofFreightTransportApplicationisasolutiontothevariousproblemsthatshippingagentshavecomplainedabout.ByusingtheSSmofFreightTransportApplication,shippingagentsonlyneedtoinputandsubmitdocumentsoncethroughINSWSwhicharethenforwardedforprocessingtotheMinistries/Agenciessystem.

Figure5:TheSSmofFreightTransportApplicationDataSuperset

SIMLALA

1.ShipStatus

2.ShipRegistration

Number

3.DeedGrosseNumber

DateofGrosseDeed

5.Size(DW/GT/HP)

6.Owner

7.Prinipal

8.ApplicationNumber

9ApolicationDate

5.Flag

6.IMONumber

7.MMSNumber

8.GrossTonmage

CarrierName

10.CompanyAgentAddress

11.OriginPart

12.TransitPort

13.Destinationpor

6.GoodsTonnage

ERMINALOPTERATOR

.TransportCompany

ShipCode4.HomePort

2.Dateof

Arnival/Departure

3.ProductivityTargets

4.NumberofWorkShifts

5.NumberofWorkGang

14.UnloadingPort

15.NextPon

16ETA

17.ETD

18.Descriptionofgoods19.NumberofContainers20.PackagingType

21.BL/AWBMasterNumber

22.BL/AWBMasterDate

23.SenderName(Shipper)

24.ReipientName(Consignee)

25CrewList

PORTOPERATOR

1.Route(Line/Tramper)2.NoticeofForeignShip

AgengyNumber

3.BackDraft

4.FrontDraft

GoodsAmountt

1.Nameofmeansoftransport2.ShipType

3.Shipping/FlightNumber

Noyage

4.Callsign(calsign)

ShiperIDTax

2.ActualTimeofArrival/Departure

3.HouseBL/AWB

Number

4.HouseBL/AWB

Date

5.ConsigneeIDTa

6.PostGrour

7.Numberof

Container

8.ContainerSize

9.Container

Number

2.Intermational/

Domestic

3.Service(Reg/

NanReg)

5.CountryMade

6.LocationofOrigin7.DestinationCode

BARANTAN

ContainerNumber

(MediaCarier)

Ministryof

Health

UNLOADINGPORT

PORTCOMPANY

5.NumberofLabor

8.NumberofWork

9.NumberofWork

2.DateofArrva/

Immigration

mS

6.ProductivityTarget

Containe

Number

7.UnloadingTime

3.ShipperIDTax

CompanyIDTax

SETDATA

4.Unloadng

1.Shipping

Departure

Company

SUPER

BKIPM

Gang

CEISA

Shifts

1

AnotherserviceintheSSmofFreightTransportApplicationthatcanbeutilisedbyshippingagentsisthetrackingfacility.WiththetrackingmenuontheSSmofFreightTransportApplication,shippingagentscancheckdocumentstatusinreal-time.

6

Figure6:TheSSmofFreightTransportApplicationTrackingMenu

22氣型Tuests,02Mey2023-16014*

SSMCarnier/DepartureDatasets/Superset

ApplicationNumberoftheCarrerSSm:102018963D081

Agent

最

Bout

Goods

*

Bmg

Applicaton

SeaTransportationPermitApplicationClassDrr

MINISTRYOFTRANSPORTATION

>ShipDepartureNews

MINISTRYOFFINANCE

OutwardManifest

MINISTRYOFHEALTH

》SyneServices

MINISTRYOFLAWANDHUMANRIGHTS

StatuDule

02/05/202302:18

StalusDne

02/05/202302:20

02/05/202302:20

02/05/202302-15

02105/202302-00

SatuaDane

02/05/202302:05

pm

pm

pm

pm

pm

pm

Laststatus

Started

asttLaL

OManifestPrin

OManifestPrint

OStarted

ODratt

Ltsatus

Started

thmieeinnnfArriualnfB

ThetradefacilitationcarriedoutbytheIndonesiangovernmentthroughtheSSmofFreightTransportApplicationisoneoftheconcretemanifestationsofusingtheSingleWindow.InArticle10.4oftheWorldTradeOrganizationTradeFacilitationAgreement(WTO-TFA)(2017),ratifiedbytheGovernmentofIndonesiaon5December2017,thereisadiscussionregardingthesinglewindowsystem.Inessence,thearticleexplainsthateachWTO-TFAmembercountrymuststrivetoestablishormaintainasinglewindowthatallowsexporters/importerstosubmitdocumentsand/ordatarequiredforexport/importactivities,ortransitgoodsthroughapointofentrytoauthoritiesorparticipatinginstitutions.Aftercheckingbytheauthoritiesorparticipatinginstitutionsinvolvedonthedocumentationand/ordata,theresultswillbenotifiedtoapplicantsthroughasinglewindowinatimelymanner.TheuseofasinglewindowinWTO-TFAwillgreatlyimpacteffortstoincreasetimeeffectivenessandcostefficiencyininternationaltradeactivities.

DespiteIndonesiaratifyingtheWTO-TFAin2017,theuseofasinglewindowinelectronicdocumentexchangeactivitieshasbeenmandatedsince2005withintheframeworkoftheASEANSingleWindow.IndonesiahassignedanagreementtoestablishandimplementTheASEANSingleWindow(AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations,2003)ofwhicheachASEANMemberStatemustbuildanationalsinglewindowtobemutuallyintegratedwithintheASEANsinglewindowframework.Withthisagreement,ASEANmemberstateshaveexchangedelectronicdocumentssuchaselectroniccertificateoforigin(e-CoO),ASEANCustomsDeclarationDocument(ACDD),andelectronicPhytoSanitarycertificate(e-Phyto)througheachcountry'snationalsinglewindowwithintheASEANSinglewindowframework.

7

1.4MaritimeSingleWindow

Initsdevelopment,thesinglewindowconcepthasincreasinglybeenusedinworldtradeandportactivities.Oneofthemisdrivenbythehightransportationanddeliveryofcargobyseatransportationmodesglobally,namely80%byvolumeand70%byvalue(Tijanetal.,2019).BasedontheUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment(UNCTAD)(2017),worldseabornetradecontinuestogrowandissuesrelatedtosustainabilityhavebecomeanimportantaspectoftheportbusiness.Someaspectsthatmustbeconsideredinachievingportbusinesssustainabilityareeconomic,environmental,andsocialaspects.

InIndonesia,theSingleWindowhasbeenimplementedasaresponsetovarioustradeissuesaswellastradefacilitation.Usingthesinglewindowtechnology,IndonesiahasaccomplishedactivitiessuchastheelectronicdataexchangeintheASEANregion(e-formDdataexchange)viatheASEANSingleWindow,ajointinspectionattheportbetweenquarantineagenciesandcustoms(SingleSubmissionQuarantineCustoms/SSM-QC)andinitiativestointegratedatabetweenstakeholdersatportstomakeitsimplerthroughSSMFreigh