洪開榮-中國大陸綜合管廊的前景與困境(雙語最終版4-23)

0ProspectsandDifficultiesofUndergroundCommonUtilityTunnelsinChina中國地下綜合管廊的前景與困境洪開榮中鐵隧道集團(tuán)有限公司2017國際隧道及地下工程高峰論壇

2017InternationalSummitonTunnelandUndergroundWorks

城市地下管廊規(guī)劃、設(shè)計(jì)、施工、運(yùn)營及融資

UrbanUndergroundUtilities-Planning,Design,Construction,OperationandFinancing

25thto26thApril2017–ChengduSummary內(nèi)容提要一、中國大陸綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina二、大陸綜合管廊的施工技術(shù)發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina三、中國大陸綜合管廊的困境與對策III.ChallengesandSolutionsregardingSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina1一、中國大陸綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina1大陸綜合管廊發(fā)展歷程1DevelopmentofsynthesispipegalleryinChina

中國大陸第一條綜合管廊于1958年建造于北京天安門廣場下，為一條埋深7～8m、寬4m、高3m、長1076m的綜合管廊（熱力、電力、通信，預(yù)留給水）。ThefirstsynthesispipetrenchofChinawasbuiltbelowtheTiananmenSquareinBeijingin1958,whichisasynthesispipegallery4mwide,3mhigh,1,076mlongandwithaburialdepthof7-8m(thermal,power,communicationandreservedforwatersupply).1977年，又建造了相同斷面的綜合管廊，長約500m。

In1977,thesynthesispipegalleryabout500mlongwiththesamesectionwasalsobuilt.2

1994年，在上海浦東新區(qū)張楊路人行道下，修建了2條寬5.9m、高2.6m、雙孔各長5.6km，共約11.2km的支管綜合管廊，容納了煤氣、通信、上水、電力等管線，它是我國第一條較具規(guī)模、并投入運(yùn)營的真正意義上的綜合管廊。這一時(shí)期為我國綜合管廊初步階段，其建設(shè)投資和管理均有政府承擔(dān)。

In1994,2synthesispipegalleriesforbranchpipes5.9mwide,2.6mhighandabout11.2kmlong(5.6kmforeach)werebuiltbelowthesidewalkofZhangyangRoadinPudongNewAreainShanghaiforaccommodatinggas,communication,waterandpowerpipelines,whicharethefirstbatchofsynthesispipegallerywithlargescalesandhavingbeenputintooperationinChina.ThisperiodisthegerminalstageinChina,theconstructioninvestmentandoperationmanagementwereundertakenbygovernment.3一、中國大陸綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

1大陸綜合管廊發(fā)展歷程1DevelopmentofsynthesispipegalleryinChina

21世紀(jì)初，大陸綜合管廊才進(jìn)入起步發(fā)展階段。如2001年，在濟(jì)南市泉城路改建工程中，在道路南北兩側(cè)各建一條綜合管廊，全長1450m，廊高2.75m，埋深1.5～2m，采用現(xiàn)澆鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)。Atthebeginningof21thcentury,itwentintotheprimarydevelopmentstage.In2001,eachonesynthesispipegallerywasbuiltonsouthandnorthsidesoftheroadintheQuanchengRoadreconstructionworksofJinanrespectively,whichispouredwithconcrete,withatotallengthof1,450m,heightof2.75mandburieddepthof1.5-2m.41大陸綜合管廊發(fā)展歷程1DevelopmentofsynthesispipegalleryinChina

一、中國大陸綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2003年底，在廣州大學(xué)城建成了全長17.4km，斷面為7m×2.8m的地下綜合管廊，也國內(nèi)第一條種類最齊全的綜合管廊工程。其投資有政府承擔(dān)，由專業(yè)公司進(jìn)行管理和服務(wù)。

Inlate2003,theundergroundsynthesispipegallerywithatotallengthof17.4kmandsectionsizeof7m×2.8mwasbuiltinHEMC,whichisthemostcompletesynthesispipegalleryworkinChina.Thisprojectwasinvestedbygovernment,theoperationandmanagementareundertakenbyaprofessionalcompany.51大陸綜合管廊發(fā)展歷程1DevelopmentofsynthesispipegalleryinChina

一、中國大陸綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2007年，武漢市王家墩商務(wù)區(qū)綜合管廊工程建成管廊長度：6.8km，容納管線：110KV電力、10KV電力、通信、給水管，斷面形式：雙倉斷面及部分單倉。這是大陸第一條應(yīng)用社會資金修建、并移交政府部門管理的綜合管廊In2007,thesynthesispipegalleryworkinWangjiadunCBDinWuhanwascompleted.Lengthofpipegallery:6.8kmPipelinestobeaccommodated:110KVpowerpipelinesand10KVpower,communicationandwatersupplypipelines.Sectionforms:Two-cabinandsomesingle-cabinsectionsThisisthefirstsynthesispipegallery,whichwasinvestedbysocialcapitalandtransferredtogovernmentformanagement.61大陸綜合管廊發(fā)展歷程1DevelopmentofsynthesispipegalleryinChina

一、中國大陸綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2009年，上海世博園區(qū)綜合管廊工程建成，管廊長度：約6.0km；容納管線：110KV電力、10KV電力、通信、給水管，斷面形式：雙倉斷面及部分單倉；首次采用了預(yù)制構(gòu)件建設(shè)綜合管廊。

這一時(shí)期對綜合管廊的建設(shè)投資模式與運(yùn)行管理進(jìn)行了探索。In2009,thesynthesispipegalleryworkinShanghaiExpoParkwascompleted.Lengthofpipegallery:About6.0km;Pipelinestobeaccommodated:110KVpowerpipelinesand10KVpower,communicationandwatersupplypipelines.Sectionforms:Two-cabinandsomesingle-cabinsections;Itwasthefirstprojecttobeconstructedwiththeprefabricatedelements.Inthisperiod,theinvestmentandoperationmanagementmodeswereexplored.71大陸綜合管廊發(fā)展歷程1DevelopmentofsynthesispipegalleryinChina

一、中國大陸綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2010年后，大陸的綜合管廊建設(shè)進(jìn)入興起階段。如2010年，無錫太湖新城綜合管廊工程建成，管廊長度：17.0km，容納管線：220KV電力、110KV電力、20KV電力、通信、給水管、中水管；斷面形式：雙倉斷面及部分單倉。2015年后才進(jìn)入快速發(fā)展階段。

After2010,theconstructionofsynthesispipegalleryinChinawentintotherisestage.In2010,thesynthesispipegalleryworkinTaihuNewTowninWuxiwascompleted.Lengthofpipegallery:17.0kmPipelinestobeaccommodated:220KVpowerpipeline,110KVpowerpipelineand20KVpower,communication,watersupplyandrecycledwaterpipelines.Sectionforms:Two-cabinandsomesingle-cabinsectionsAfter2015.itwentintorapiddevelopmentstage.81大陸綜合管廊發(fā)展歷程1DevelopmentofsynthesispipegalleryinChina

一、中國大陸綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2大陸綜合管廊的現(xiàn)狀2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina到2013年底，北京、上海、濟(jì)南、廣州、武漢、無錫等多個(gè)城市，在規(guī)劃綜合管廊的基礎(chǔ)上，建成了800多km的綜合管廊。Bytheendof2013,theundergroundsynthesispipegallerieswithtotallengthofover800kmhavebeenplannedandcompletedinBeijing,Shanghai,Jinan,Guangzhou,WuhanandWuxietc.但是總體來講，大陸綜合管廊建設(shè)法律法規(guī)不完善、技術(shù)規(guī)范不健全、投融資和運(yùn)營模式不明確等問題，嚴(yán)重制約了綜合管廊建設(shè)的快速發(fā)展，2013年以前，“建成規(guī)模小，管線種類少”是大陸已建成綜合管廊的普遍特征；同時(shí)建成的綜合管廊實(shí)際利用率不高。Ingeneral,therulesandregulationsconcerningtheconstructionofsynthesispipegalleriesareincomplete,technicalspecificationsareimperfectandtheinvestandoperationmodesarenotclear,seriouslyrestrictingtherapiddevelopmentoftheconstructionofsynthesispipegalleries.Before2013,thecompletedsynthesispipegalleriesinChinahavesuchfeaturesas"smallscaleandfewtypesofpipelines".9一、中國大陸綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

《國務(wù)院關(guān)于加強(qiáng)城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的意見》（國發(fā)〔2013〕36號）

OpinionsoftheStateCouncilonStrengtheningtheConstructionofUrbanInfrastructures(GF[2013]No.36)

10“開展城市地下綜合管廊試點(diǎn)，?3年左右時(shí)間，在全國36個(gè)?中城市全?啟動(dòng)地下綜合管廊試點(diǎn)工程；中小城市因地制宜建設(shè)一批綜合管廊項(xiàng)?。新建道路、城市新區(qū)和各類園區(qū)地下管?應(yīng)按照綜合管廊模式進(jìn)行開發(fā)建設(shè)”。"Carryoutpilotprojectforurbanundergroundthatlaunchpilotprojectofundergroundutilitytunnelswithin3yearsin36largeandmedium-sizedcities;forsmall-sizedcities,someprojectswillbelaunchedaccordingtothelocalconditions.Undergroundpipenetworksfornewly-builtroads,newurbanareaandvariousparksshallbeinaccordancewiththemodeloffordevelopmentandconstruction."2大陸綜合管廊的現(xiàn)狀2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina一、中國大陸綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

《國務(wù)院辦公廳關(guān)于加強(qiáng)城市地下管線建設(shè)管理的指導(dǎo)意見》（國辦發(fā)〔2014〕27號）GuidingOpinionsofTheStateCouncilonStrengtheningtheConstructionManagementofUrbanUndergroundPipelines(GBF[2014]No.27)

11“力爭用5年時(shí)間，完成城市地下老舊管網(wǎng)改造，將管網(wǎng)漏失率控制在國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以內(nèi)，顯著降低管網(wǎng)事故率，避免重大事故發(fā)生。用10年左右時(shí)間，建成較為完善的城市地下管線體系，使地下管線建設(shè)管理水平能夠適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展需要，應(yīng)急防災(zāi)能力大幅提升”。

"Completethetransformationofoldandusedundergroundpipenetworkswithin5yearsaspossible,controltheleakrateofpipenetworkwithinthenationalstandard,significantlyreducetheaccidentrateofpipenetworksandpreventtheoccurrenceofmajoraccident.Buildperfecturbanundergroundpipelinesystemwithin10yearstomaketheconstructionmanagementofundergroundpipelinesadapttotherequirementsofeconomicandsocialdevelopmentandsignificantlyincreasethedisaster-preventionandemergencyresponsecapability."2大陸綜合管廊的現(xiàn)狀2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina一、中國大陸綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

《國務(wù)院辦公廳關(guān)于推進(jìn)城市地下綜合管廊建設(shè)的指導(dǎo)意見》（國辦發(fā)〔2015〕61號）

GuidingOpinionsofTheStateCouncilonPromotingtheConstructionofUrbanUndergroundSynthesisPipeGallery(GBF[2015]No.61)

12提高城市綜合承載能力和城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展質(zhì)量；Improvethecomprehensivebearingcapacityofthecityandthequalityofurbanization;拉動(dòng)社會資本投入、打造經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新動(dòng)力。

Stimulatesocialcapitalinvestmentandbuildnewpowerforeconomicdevelopment.2大陸綜合管廊的現(xiàn)狀2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina一、中國大陸綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2016《綜合管廊和海綿城市建設(shè)國家建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)體系》

2016NationalBuildingStandardDesignSystemforUrbanSynthesisPipeGalleryandSpongeCityConstruction132大陸綜合管廊的現(xiàn)狀2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina城市綜合管廊國家建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)體系Nationalbuildingstandarddesignsystemforurbansynthesispipegallery

總體設(shè)計(jì)Generaldesign

結(jié)構(gòu)工程Structureworks

專項(xiàng)管線Specialpipeline

附屬設(shè)施Auxiliaryfacilities

總體設(shè)計(jì)及圖示Generaldesignandschematicdiagram

BIM應(yīng)用BIMapplication

技術(shù)措施Technicalmeasures

現(xiàn)澆混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)Cast-in-placeconcretestructure

預(yù)制混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)Precastconcretestructure

基坑支護(hù)及地基處理Foundationpitsupportingandfoundationtreatment

附屬構(gòu)筑物Auxiliarystructures

給排水管道Watersupply/drainagepipeline

熱力管道Thermalpipeline

燃?xì)夤艿繥aspipeline

纜線Cable

消防設(shè)施Firecontrolfacilities

排水設(shè)施Drainagefacilities

通風(fēng)設(shè)施Ventilationfacilities

監(jiān)控與報(bào)警系統(tǒng)Monitoringandalarmsystem

供配電系統(tǒng)Powersupplyanddistributionsystem

燃?xì)夤艿琅撌遗涮自O(shè)施Auxiliaryfacilitiesforgaspipelinecabins

一、中國大陸綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2015年試點(diǎn)城市Pilotcityin20152016年國家第二批試點(diǎn)2ndbatchofpilotcity2017年政府工作報(bào)告2017governmentworkreport包頭、沈陽、哈爾濱、蘇州、廈門、十堰、長沙、?？?、六盤水、白銀，10個(gè)10cities:Baotou,Shwnyang,Haerbing,Suzhou,Xiamen,Shiyan,Changsha,Haikou,Liupanshui,Baiyin鄭州、廣州、石家莊、四平、青島、威海、杭州、保山、南寧、銀川、平潭、景德鎮(zhèn)、成都、合肥、海東，15個(gè)15cities:Zhengzhou,Guangzhou,Shijiazhuang,Siping,Qingdao,Weihai,Hangzhou,Baoshan,Nanning,Yinchuan,pingtan,Jingdezhen,Chengdu,Hefei,Haidong李克強(qiáng)總理作政府工作報(bào)告時(shí)提出，2017年將開工建設(shè)城市地下綜合管廊2000km以上。PremierLiKeqiangpointsoutingovernmentworkreportthatmorethan2000kmofutilitytunnelswillbeconstructedin2017.

2015年大陸綜合管廊建設(shè)進(jìn)入國家整體推進(jìn)階段。In2015,constructionofsynthesispipegallerywentintointegrationpromotionstageatstatelevel.2大陸綜合管廊的現(xiàn)狀2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina一、中國大陸綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2015年，國家推進(jìn)的第一批10個(gè)試點(diǎn)城市地下綜合管廊建設(shè)，共規(guī)劃建設(shè)470.15km，已建成165.38km。In2015,constructionofurbanundergroundsynthesispipegalleryinthefirst10pilotcitiesispromoted,withthetotalplanninglengthof470.15kmand165.38kmbuilt.截止到2016年底第一批試點(diǎn)城市綜合管廊建設(shè)情況一覽表Constructionconditionsofsynthesispipegalleryonthefirstbatchofpilotcitiesbytheendof2016

19一、中國大陸綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina編號SerialNumber

城市City

規(guī)劃建設(shè)里程（km）Plannedconstructionmileage(km)已建成（km）Mileagebuilt(km)剩余（km）Mileageremained(km)包頭市BaotouCity哈爾濱市Harbin廈門市XiamenCity長沙市Changsha六盤水市LiupanshuiCity沈陽市Shenyang蘇州市SuzhouCity十堰市ShiyanCity?？谑蠬aikou白銀市BaiyinCity2大陸綜合管廊的現(xiàn)狀2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina20一、我國綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina2016年，又新增第二批15個(gè)綜合管廊試點(diǎn)城市，共規(guī)劃建設(shè)1578.95km，已建成397.52km。In2016,another15citiesjoinedasthesecondbatchofpilotcitiesofsynthesispipegallery,withthetotalplanninglengthof1578.95kmandcompletionlengthof397.52km.截止到2016年底第二批試點(diǎn)城市綜合管廊建設(shè)情況一覽表Constructionconditionsofsynthesispipegalleryonthesecondbatchofpilotcitiesbytheendof2016編號SerialNumber

試點(diǎn)城市Pilotcity

規(guī)劃建設(shè)里程（km）Plannedconstructionmileage(km)

已建（km）Mileagebuilt(km)

剩余（km）Mileageremained(km)

廣州市Guangzhou石家莊市Shijiazhuang四平市SipingCity青島市QingdaoCity威海市WeihaiCity杭州市Hangzhou保山市BaoshanCity南寧市Nanning銀川市Yinchuan平潭市PingtanCity2大陸綜合管廊的現(xiàn)狀2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina21一、我國綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina2016年，又新增第二批15個(gè)綜合管廊試點(diǎn)城市，共規(guī)劃建設(shè)1578.95km，已建成397.52km。In2016,another15citiesjoinedasthesecondbatchofpilotcitiesofsynthesispipegallery,withthetotalplanninglengthof1578.95kmandcompletionlengthof397.52km.截止到2016年底第二批試點(diǎn)城市綜合管廊建設(shè)情況一覽表Constructionconditionsofsynthesispipegalleryonthesecondbatchofpilotcitiesbytheendof2016

編號SerialNumber

試點(diǎn)城市Pilotcity

規(guī)劃建設(shè)里程（km）Plannedconstructionmileage(km)

已建成（km）Mileagebuilt(km)

剩余（km）Mileageremained(km)

景德鎮(zhèn)市JingdezhenCity成都市Chengdu鄭州市Zhengzhou合肥市Hefei海東市HaidongCity2大陸綜合管廊的現(xiàn)狀2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)：截至2016年底，全國147個(gè)城市28個(gè)縣已累計(jì)開工建設(shè)城市地下綜合管廊2005km。Accordingtoincompletestatistics:bytheendof2016,atotalof147citiesand28countieshaveconstructed2005kmtotallyforurbanundergroundsynthesispipegallery.222大陸綜合管廊的現(xiàn)狀2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina一、我國綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina3國內(nèi)綜合管廊建設(shè)的主要問題3KeyissuesinconstructionofsynthesispipegalleryinChina一是建設(shè)與管理體制的問題，地下綜合管廊屬于市政公用基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，帶有公共產(chǎn)品性質(zhì)，政府在綜合管廊建設(shè)中應(yīng)起主導(dǎo)作用，但由于財(cái)政資金的有限和市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的主導(dǎo)地位，因此不可避免涉及到誰牽頭？、誰出資？、誰來建？、誰入廊？，誰來管？的系列相關(guān)問題，目前僅上海就存在：有屬于城市道路管理部門的（浦東張楊路綜合管廊），有屬于政府管理部門的（世博園區(qū)綜合管廊），也有屬于各開發(fā)公司管理的（松江新城綜合管廊）等，所以我國的當(dāng)務(wù)之急是建立適合我國國情的綜合管廊建設(shè)與管理體制。Oneistheconstructionandmanagementsystemofundergroundpipegallery.Itbelongstothemunicipalpublicinfrastructurewiththenatureofpublicproducts,thegovernmentshouldplayaleadingroleinthepipegalleryconstruction.Butduetothelimitedfinancialcapitalanddominanceofthemarketeconomy,itinevitablyinvolvesaseriesofrelatedproblems,suchaswholeads?Whofunds?Whobuilds?Whoentersthegallery?Whomanagements?AtpresentsuchissuesexistinShanghai:someutilitytunnelsbelongtothecityroadmanagementdepartment(PudongZhangYangRoadpipegallery),sometunnelsbelongtogovernmentdepartments(ExpoGallery),sometunnelsbelongtothedevelopmentcompany(Songjianggallery),soitisurgenttoestablishtheconstructionandmanagementsystemofpipegallerybeingsuitableforchina.19一、我國綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina二是技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與城市發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性問題，盡管近幾年我國制定了多部國家與地方性的綜合管廊規(guī)劃、建設(shè)等規(guī)范與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但由于城市總體規(guī)劃不全、不深、不細(xì)，加之各管線部門幾乎都屬于壟斷性行業(yè)，他們之間幾乎沒有交集，導(dǎo)致綜合管廊的建設(shè)具有一定的盲從性。如上海最早建的張楊路地下管廊，當(dāng)時(shí)廊內(nèi)鋪設(shè)的上水管道直徑300毫米，而現(xiàn)在的水管直徑需要在1.5米以上，根本達(dá)不到供水要求。而一個(gè)地下管廊工程的普遍壽命都應(yīng)在百年以上。Thetwoproblemisthecoordinationoftechnicalstandardsandthecitydevelopment.Inrecentyears,manynationalandlocalstandardsregardingpipegalleryplanningandconstructionhavebeenmadeinChina,butbecausethemasterplanofthecityisnotfull,notdeep,notfine,thepipelinesectorisalmostamonopolyoftheindustry,itresultsinthattheconstructionofpipegalleryhascertainblindness.SuchasthefirstbuiltutilitytunnelinShanghai,ZhangYangRoadundergroundpipegallery,thediameterofwaterpipesinstalledinthegalleryareof300mm,butnowthediameterofthepipeneedstobemorethan1.5meters.Soitcannotmeetthewatersupplyrequirements.Thegenerallifespanofanundergroundpipegalleryshouldbemorethanonehundredyears.203國內(nèi)綜合管廊建設(shè)的主要問題3KeyissuesinconstructionofsynthesispipegalleryinChina一、我國綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina內(nèi)容提要Summary一、我國綜合管廊的發(fā)展歷程與現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng).DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina二、我國綜合管廊的施工技術(shù)發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina三、我國綜合管廊的困境與對策III.ChallengesandSolutionsregardingSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina24二、我國綜合管廊的施工技術(shù)發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

近二十多年來，我國地下工程建設(shè)發(fā)展迅速，特別是城市地鐵的建設(shè)，為城市綜合管廊的施工奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。綜合管廊作為公用隧道，其隧道埋深相對較淺，主要的施工方法有：明挖法、暗挖法；而暗挖法又可以分為淺埋暗挖、頂管法、盾構(gòu)法等。近年來我國裝備水平的提高，有力地促進(jìn)了隧道施工技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。Inthepasttwentyyears,theconstructionofundergroundprojectsinourcountryhasenjoyedrapiddevelopment,especiallytheconstructionofmunicipalsubways,whichprovidesfavorablefoundationfortheconstructionofmunicipalsynthesispipegallery.Aschannelsforpublic,synthesispipegalleryhasshallowchannels,sothemainconstructionmethodsare:open-cutmethodandclose-cutmethod;theclose-cutmethodcanbeseparatedintoshallowminingmethod,pipejackingmethod,shieldmethod,etc.Withthelevelimprovementoftheequipmentinourcountry,thetechniquesoftunnelconstructionenjoysgreatprogress.33新城區(qū)：在交通與地下空間開發(fā)時(shí)，同步實(shí)現(xiàn)新城區(qū)綜合管廊系統(tǒng)化建設(shè)。Newdowntownarea:Achievesystematicconstructionofinnewdowntownareasimultaneouslywiththedevelpmentoftrafficandundergroundspace25老城區(qū)：配合改造工程與地鐵建設(shè)，逐步建設(shè)管廊系統(tǒng)。Olddowntownarea:Cooperatewithreconstructionprojectandsubwayconstruction,constructpipegallerysystemgradually.重要節(jié)點(diǎn)：優(yōu)先建設(shè)，后期建設(shè)的主管廊或支線管廊與節(jié)點(diǎn)連接形成系統(tǒng)。Importantnodes:Constructwithpriority.Mainpipegalleryorbranchpipegalleryconstructedinlaterperiodshallbeconnectedwithnodestoformasystem.綜合管廊專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃Specializedplanningfor綜合管廊建設(shè)Synthesispipegalleryconstruction指導(dǎo)Guide

承擔(dān)Undertake

管廊運(yùn)營公司管理Pipegalleryoperationcompanymanagement同步施工Constructincombination

優(yōu)先選擇Givepreference

配合改造工程完成Cooperatewithreconstructionproject

新區(qū)Newarea過河、鐵路等關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)Keypointsincludingrivercrossingandrailway老城區(qū)Olddowntownarea與道路同步施工Constructincombinationwithroad

一體化設(shè)計(jì)Integrateddesign

彈性規(guī)劃Flexiblyplan

鼓勵(lì)開發(fā)商參與Encouragethedeveloperinparticipation

同步施工Constructincombination

一體化設(shè)計(jì)Integrateddesign

整合更新Integrateandupdate

統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃Overallplan

主干道干線型管廊Trunkpipegalleryinthemainroad公共地下空間設(shè)施Publicundergroundspacefacility次干線上支線型管廊Branchpipegalleryinsub-trunkline主體連接后Afterthemainbodyisconnected

結(jié)合軌道交通建設(shè)Incombinationwiththeconstructionofrailtransit結(jié)合地下空間開發(fā)建設(shè)Incombinationwiththedevelopmentandconstructionofundergroundspace配合市政管線更新改造Coordinatewiththeupdateandreconstructionofutilitypipelines結(jié)合人防工程建設(shè)Incombinationwiththeconstructionofcivilairdefenseproject建成Built

建成Built

建成Built

逐步建設(shè)管廊系統(tǒng)Constructpipegallerysystemgradually

調(diào)試成功Commissioninsuccess

交付使用Deliver

搭建管廊監(jiān)測平臺Constructmonitoringplatformofpipegallery與智慧城市信息平臺對接Coordinatewithinformationplatformofsmartcity大陸推進(jìn)綜合管廊建設(shè)的步序ConstructionstepsofpipegallaeyinChina二、我國綜合管廊的施工技術(shù)發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

明挖現(xiàn)澆施工法，我國大部分地鐵車站都是采用此法施工；綜合管廊埋深淺，其優(yōu)勢更明顯，在新城區(qū)建設(shè)非常適合，其造價(jià)低、速度快，而且基本無風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Open-cutcast-in-situconstructionmethodisusuallyusedtobuildsubwaystationinChina;sincethesynthesispipegalleryhasshallowburieddepth,whichisamoreobviousadvantage,andcanbeconstructedinlowcost,fastspeedandwithoutanyrisks,itisverysuitableforthenewdowntownarea.341明挖現(xiàn)澆施工方法1Open-cutcast-in-situconstructionmethod

一、明挖法I.Open-cutmethod

二、我國綜合管廊的施工技術(shù)發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

珠海橫琴綜合管廊2010年開始建設(shè)，基坑采用先隨道路同步進(jìn)行軟基處理，后支護(hù)明挖方式。根據(jù)不同地質(zhì)條件，施工過程中因地制宜地采用灌注樁、鋼板樁、護(hù)壁錨桿等不同支護(hù)方法，于2013年11月投入使用。ThesynthesispipegalleryinHengqin,Zhuhaibegantobebuiltin2010withafoundationpithandledinthewayinwhichitwasexperiencedthesoftfoundationtreatmentalongwiththeroadsandthensupportingopen-cutmethod.Accordingtodifferentgeologicalconditions,differentsupportingmethodslikecast-in-placepiles,steelsheetpilesandwall-protectionanchorbolts.ThesynthesispipegallerycameintouseinNovember,2013.軟基處理施工Softfoundationtreatment基坑支護(hù)施工Foundationpitsupporting變形縫節(jié)點(diǎn)處理Treatmentofdeformationjointnodes361明挖現(xiàn)澆施工方法1Open-cutcast-in-situconstructionmethod

二、我國綜合管廊的施工技術(shù)發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

上海世博會地下綜合管廊選用“現(xiàn)澆”和“預(yù)制拼裝”法施工，其中，明挖現(xiàn)澆段總長6.2km，預(yù)制混凝土管廊總長200m。工程于2009年完工。Cast-in-situandprefabricatedassemblymethodsareusedtoconstructtheundergroundsynthesispipegalleryinShanghaiWorldExpo,amongwhichtheopen-cutcast-in-situsectionistotally6.2kmlongwhiletheprefabricatedconcretepipegalleryistotally200mlong.Theprojectwascompletedin2009.351明挖現(xiàn)澆施工方法1

Open-cutcast-in-situconstructionmethod

綜合管溝斷面示意圖Crosssectionaldiagramofsynthesispipetrench主要道路Mainroads

覆土層Overburden

綜合管溝Synthesispipetrench

通信導(dǎo)管Communicationconduit電力電纜Powercable蒸汽管Steampipe冷熱進(jìn)水管Cold/hotinletpipe冷熱回水管Cold/hotreturnpipe氣力輸送管Pneumaticconveyingpipe供水管Watersupplypipe二、我國綜合管廊的施工技術(shù)發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

明挖預(yù)制拼裝法是一種較為先進(jìn)的施工法，綜合管廊預(yù)制拼裝技術(shù)是國際綜合管廊發(fā)展趨勢之一，可大幅降低施工成本，提高施工質(zhì)量，節(jié)約施工工期。目前我國已開始大面積的推廣應(yīng)用。該法在季節(jié)性影響大的地區(qū)更具優(yōu)勢，斷面形式可以多樣化。Open-cutprefabricatedassemblymethodisarelativelyadvancedconstructionmethod.Theprefabricatedassemblyofsynthesispipegalleryisoneoftheinternationaldevelopmenttrends,whichcangreatlyreducetheconstructioncost,improveconstructionqualityandsavetheconstructiontime.Sofar,thismethodhasbeenwidelyappliedinChina.Thismethodwillbemorecompetentintheregiondeeplyaffectedbytheseasonsduetoitsvarioussectionforms.2014年青島藍(lán)色硅谷道預(yù)制綜合管廊PrefabricatedsynthesispipegalleryinOceantechValley,Qingdaoin20142明挖預(yù)制拼裝法2

Open-cutprefabricatedassemblymethod

2015年沈陽渾南預(yù)制綜合管廊PrefabricatedsynthesispipegalleryinHunnan,Shenyangin201537二、我國綜合管廊的施工技術(shù)發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2明挖預(yù)制拼裝法2

Open-cutprefabricatedassemblymethod

38二、我國綜合管廊的施工技術(shù)發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2016年10月28日住建部：城市地下管線管理?xiàng)l例（征求意見稿）第三十二條，指出：綜合管廊工程建設(shè)應(yīng)當(dāng)符合國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范的要求。鼓勵(lì)綜合管廊主體結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，采用預(yù)制拼裝技術(shù)，促進(jìn)包括工業(yè)構(gòu)件生產(chǎn)、施工設(shè)備制造等產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。OnOctober28,2016,MinistryofHousingandUrban-ruraldevelopment:thethirty-seconditemofManagementRegulationforMunicipalUndergroundPipeline(exposuredraft)requirestheconstructionofsynthesispipegalleryshallconformtotherequirementsofnationalstandardsandspecifications.Themainstructuralcomponentsofsynthesispipegalleryisencouragedtobestandardizedandadoptprefabricatedassemblytechniquestopromotetheindustrydevelopmentincludingtheproductionofindustrialcomponentsandthemanufacturingofconstructionequipment.2明挖預(yù)制拼裝法2Open-cutprefabricatedassemblymethod

39二、我國綜合管廊的施工技術(shù)發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

3淺埋暗挖法3Shallowminingmethod

淺埋暗挖隧道施工法，是我國根據(jù)國情自主開發(fā)的一種工法，在地下工程建設(shè)中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用；在老城區(qū)水位低、埋深淺的狀況下，應(yīng)用淺埋暗挖法修建綜合管廊具有一定的優(yōu)勢。Asaconstructionmethoddevelopedbasedonournationalconditions,shallow-buriedtunnelingconstructionmethodhasbeenwidelyusedinundergroundconstruction.Undertheconditionsoflowwaterlevelandshallowburieddepthinolddowntownarea,theshallow-buriedtunnelingmethodappliedinconstructingsynthesispipegalleryhascertainadvantages.40淺埋暗挖法Shallowminingmethod

二、淺埋暗挖法II.Shallowminingmethod

二、我國綜合管廊的施工技術(shù)發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

4盾構(gòu)法----圓形盾構(gòu)4

Shieldmethod----circularshield

盾構(gòu)法是本世紀(jì)我國在地下工程建設(shè)中發(fā)展最快、應(yīng)用最多的一種方法，在各種地層中都積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。無論是裝備制造、工程應(yīng)用與新技術(shù)開發(fā)，我國都已站在盾構(gòu)技術(shù)的最前沿。ShieldmethodisthefastestdevelopedandmostappliedmethodinundergroundconstructioninChinainthiscentury,thusrichexperiencehasbeenaccumulatedinvariousstrata.Chinahasstoodattheforefrontofshieldingtechnologyinequipmentfabrication,engineeringapplicationandnewtechnologydevelopment.41通過盾構(gòu)外殼和管片支承圓周圍巖防止發(fā)生往隧道內(nèi)的坍塌Peripheralsurroundingrockissupportedbytheshieldshellandpipesegmentstopreventcollapseoccurringinthetunnel

二、我國綜合管廊的施工技術(shù)發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2009年8月，天津市穿越海河的盾構(gòu)隧道工程——海河綜合管廊主體結(jié)構(gòu)完工，橫跨海河上空的各類管線全部從管廊內(nèi)下穿海河敷設(shè)。InAugust2009,theshieldingtunnelprojectcrossingtheHaiheRiverinTianjin——themainstructureofHaiheRiversynthesispipegallerywascompleted,withvariouspipelinescrossingovertheHaiheRiverburiedfromtheinsideofthepipegalleryunderpassingtheHaiheRiver.42共同管廊Commonpipegallery

電力Power

通訊Communication

熱力Thermalpower

自來水Tapwater

煤氣Gas

通道Channel

通道Channel

海河HaiheRiver

天津海河共同溝隧道CommontunneloftheHaiheRiverinTianjin

風(fēng)管630x320mmAirduct630x320mm風(fēng)管800x320mmAirduct800x320mm風(fēng)管1000x400mmAirduct1000x400mm通信Communication電力Power風(fēng)管630x320mmAirduct630x320mm熱力Thermalpower熱力Thermalpower中水Recycledwater煤氣Gas二、我國綜合管廊的施工技術(shù)發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

4盾構(gòu)法----圓形盾構(gòu)4

Shieldmethod----circularshield

2016年8月16日，淮南-南京-上海1000千伏特高壓交流輸變電工程蘇通GIL綜合管廊工程在蘇州開工，采用12.1m大直徑盾構(gòu)施工。隧道結(jié)構(gòu)底面標(biāo)高-74.83m，水土壓力超過0.9MPa，計(jì)劃于2019年建成投運(yùn)。OnAugust16,2016,theSuzhou-NantongGILsynthesispipegalleryprojectof1000kVUHVACpowertransmissionandtransformationworkofHuainan-Nanjing-ShanghaiwascommencedinSuzhou,withlarge-diametershield(12.1m)adoptedforconstruction.Thetunnelstructurehasabottomelevationof-74.83m,earthandwaterpressureofmorethan0.9MPa,plannedtobecompletedandputintooperationin2019.43北岸接引站Receivingstationonthenorthbank

南岸接引站Receivingstationonthesouthbank

總長度5530.5mTotallength:5,530.5m

市政通用管線（通信、有線電視等）Municipalgeneralpipeline(communication,cableTV,etc.)

500kV電纜區(qū)500kVcablearea