網(wǎng)絡(luò)報(bào)刊選讀Why the Monarchy Must Stay

WhytheMonarchyMustStayItkeepspoliticiansfromholdingallthepowerWHAT

IS

A

MONARCHY?Monarch:arulerofastate,suchasakingorqueen,whohasarighttorulebybirth,anddoesnothavetobeelected.Monarchy:thesystembywhichastateisruledbyakingorqueen.TheHistoryoftheBritishMonarchyTheAnglo-Saxon盎格魯-薩克森時(shí)代10661154TheNorman諾曼王朝MagnaCarta

《大憲章》1215.06ThePlantagenet金雀花王朝

1485TheTudor都鐸王朝TheStuart斯圖亞特王朝BillofRights《權(quán)利法案》ItrepresentstheendoftheabsolutemonarchyandthebeginningoftheConstitutionalmonarchy1603168917141917TheHanover漢諾威王朝TheWindsor溫莎王朝TheNorman

諾曼王朝

WilliamI…

…HenryIThePlantagenet金雀花王朝

HenryIIRichardIJohnEdwardIRichardIII……

………

…

…RichardtheLion-hearted

獅心理查RichardI’sreign:1189-1199EffortsontheThirdCrusade(Ivanhoe)PersonalvalorintheHolyLandTheCrusades(11th-13thcentury)TheCrusadeswereaseriesofwarsbyWesternEuropeanChristianstorecapturetheHolyLandfromtheMuslims.TheCrusadeswerefirstundertakenin1096andendedinthelate13thcentury.ThetermCrusadewasoriginallyappliedsolelytoEuropeaneffortstoretakefromtheMuslimsthecityofJerusalem,whichwassacredtoChristiansasthesiteofthecrucifixionofJesusChrist.ItwaslaterusedtodesignateanymilitaryeffortbyEuropeansagainstnon-Christians.KingJohnandtheMagnaCartaKingJohn’sreign:1199-1216ForcedtosigntheMagnaCartalimitedkinglypowerinEnglandanearlystepintheevolutionoflimitedgovernmentTheTudor

都鐸王朝HenryVIIHenryVIIIMaryIElizabethI……HenryVIIHenryVIII(reign1509-1547)EdwardVIMaryI(jointauthoritywithPhilipofSpain)ElizabethI(reign1558-1603)ChurchofEnglandElizabethanAgeDefeatedtheArmadaReligiousreconciliationRenaissance(Shakespeare,Marlowe)Geographicalexplorations(FrancisDrake)Virginallherlife(StateofVirginia)Hermotto:videoettaceoIsee,andsaynothingTheStuart斯圖亞特王朝JamesI

CharlesICromwellCharlesIIJamesIIWilliamIIIandMaryII。。TheHanover(GloriousRevolution)(BillofRights)TheHanover

漢諾威王朝GeorgeII,III,IVQueenVictoria

EdwardVIITheWindsorGeorgeITheWindsor

溫莎王朝GeorgeVEdwardVIIIGeorgeVIElizabethIIPrinceCharles？BuckinghamPalace(officialLondonresidenceoftheBritishmonarch)InsideBuckinghamRoleofMonarchycontinuityofBritishhistoryfigureheadofthestate(掛名首腦)hereditarypositionsincethe9thcenturyParliamentalteredsuccessionattimes

HouseofHanoverin1701replacestheStuartprimogeniture(長(zhǎng)子繼承法)ruleofsuccessionElizabethII-eldestdaughter1952(GeorgeVI)Charles,PrinceofWales,currentheirtothethroneOnlyProtestantsasmonarch(ActofSettlement王位繼承法/嗣位法

1701)summonsanddismissesParliamentandtheministersoftheCabinet(formally)headofthejudiciarycommanderinchiefofthearmedforcesSupremeGovernoroftheChurchofEnglandandtheChurchofScotlandgovernmentcarriesoutthedutiesassociatedwiththesefunctionsmonarchappointsalljudgesmilitaryofficersdiplomatsarchbishopsandotherchurchofficersmonarchbestowshonors:knighthoods,peeragesawardstheaboveappointmentsmadeupontheadviceoftheprimeministerInthenameofthecrownprimeministerdeclareswarandpeaceconcludestreatieswithforeignstatesceremonialhead(ofstate)oftheCommonwealthofNationsfor16CommonwealthcountriesRealworksigningofpaperstobeconsultedreviewofimportantdocumentsmeetingthePrivyCouncil樞密院PotentiallyabolisheddemocracydecisionofamajorityofthepopulationremainedpopularTheroyalfamilyendorsesdevelopments(ceremonialfunctions)cuttingribbonsopeningbusinesseslaunchingshipslayingcornerstones,etc.involvedincharityworkmaintainapublicpresencebyvisitingsheltershospitalsclinicsetc.tourismItseemsthattheQueenhasunlimitedpowers.

BUTit’sonlytheoreticallytrue!TheQueenreigns,butshedoesn’trule.ThePresentMonarchofBritainQueenElizabethIIcametothethroneonFeb.6,1952whenshewasonly26yearsold.ThefulltitleofthepresentQueenis:

“ElizabeththesecondbythegraceofGodtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritain&NorthernIreland&ofHerOtherRealms&TerritoriesQueen,HeadoftheCommonwealth,DefenderofFaith.”

托上帝洪恩，大不列顛及北愛(ài)爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)以及其他領(lǐng)土和屬地的女王、英聯(lián)邦之首、基督教的保護(hù)者伊麗莎白二世Sheisgiftedinlaw,language,history&music.(German,French,Spanish)TheRoyalStandard

(王旗)

PersonalFlagofQueenElizabethII

RoyalTitlesHerMajesty/HM女王陛下(YourMajesty陛下)PrinceofWales--Theeldestsonofthereigningmonarch&theheirtothethrone.(PrinceCharles)PrincessofWales--ThewifeofPrinceofWales.(Diana&Camilla)PrincessRoyal--Theeldestdaughterofthereigningmonarch.(PrincessAnne)DukeofEdinburgh--TheQueen’shusband.(PrincePhilip)Themonarch’sspouseisusuallychosenfromanoblefamilywiththeconsentoftheParliament.Otherwise,themonarchgivesuphisorherposition,asKingEdwardVIIIdidin1936.

DiamondAnniversaryin2007Frontrow:QueenElizabethII,DukeofEdinburgh(right),PrinceofWales(left)Secondrow:PrinceAndrew,PrincessAnne,PrinceEdward(fromlefttoright)

DiamondAnniversaryin2007

TheQueenHasTwoBirthdaysoneisherrealbirthdaywhichshecelebrateswithherfamilyTheotherisherofficialbirthday，June14——troopingthecolor皇家騎兵衛(wèi)隊(duì)閱兵式AnexcerptfromTimes《泰晤士報(bào)》Britain’sQueenElizabethIItravelsinanopencarriagetoBuckinghamPalaceduringtheTroopingtheColourceremonyinLondonJune12,2004.Britainputononeofitsgrandestannualshowsofroyalpageantry(盛典)onSaturdaytoofficiallymarkQueenElizabethII’sbirthday.Morethan1,000soldiersinceremonial(典禮)marched&salutedthemonarchintheTroopingtheColourceremonyattheHorseGuardsParade

Ground(騎兵檢閱廣場(chǎng))nearBuckinghamPalace.ParliamentHouseofLords：公爵，侯爵，子爵，伯爵，男爵DukeMarquisViscountEarlBaron夫人：-ess

女兒：Lady兒子：Mr.HouseofCommonsGovernmentofUnitedKingdomFormofgovernmentConstitutionalmonarchyHeadofstateMonarchHeadofgovernmentPrimeministerLegislatureBicamerallegislature:HouseofCommons,646membersHouseofLords,733members(616lifepeers,92hereditarymembersand25archbishops)VotingqualificationsUniversalatage18ConstitutionUnwritten;partlystatutes,partlycommonlawandpracticeHighestcourtSupremeCourt,HighCourtofJudiciary(Scottishcriminalcasesonly)Questionsaboutthetext1.WhatwasMr.Churchill’sviewonBritain’ssystemofgovernment?Doyouagreewithhim?Hethoughtitwasthebestthatmanhadyetdevisedthoughitwasimperfect.whypeopledonotdiscardthemonarchy?Themonarchreigns,butdoesn’trule,whichhelptoreachpoliticalbalance.Themonarchisthesymbolofanation.Theroyalfamilyareexpectedtobemoralparagons.ThemonarchyremindspeopleofthegreatnessandpowertheBritainEmpireenjoyedthousandofyears.Theroyalfamilykeepspacewiththetimes.

EveryTuesdayafternoonthequeenandtheprimeministerhaveameetingtobebriefedThefilmdepictsafictionalaccountoftheimmediateeventsfollowingthedeathofDiana,PrincessofWaleson31August1997.ThemainplotfocusesonthedifferingviewsinhowtodealwiththedeathofDiana.KingGeorgeVIwho,tocopewithastammer,seesLionelLogue,anAustralianspeechtherapist.Themenbecomefriendsastheyworktogether,andafterhisbrotherabdicatesthethrone,thenewKingreliesonLoguetohelphimmakehisfirstwartimeradiobroadcastonBritain'sdeclarationofwaronGermanyin1939.戴安娜王妃是王室從事公益活動(dòng)的典范。DianaSpencerisenthusiasticaboutthesociallyusefulactivity

王室成員“與時(shí)俱進(jìn)”，親民而又開(kāi)放。而威廉王子吸引全球媒體的大婚典禮，是一個(gè)與民同樂(lè)，將家族喜事化身國(guó)家節(jié)日的又一契機(jī)。Questionsaboutthetext2.WhatroledoesQueenElizabethIIplay?CansheplayabetterrolethananAmericanpresidentinasense?Explain.a.she,asheadofstate,carriesoutceremonialduties,andtakesthepoliticalaccountabilitywhileremainingabovepoliticsandtakingnosidesinanypoliticaldebate.b.Intheauthor’sview,shecan.AnAmericanpresidentisalsotheleaderofapoliticalparty,sohecan’tremainabovepolitics.Questionsaboutthetext3.WhatpowerdoesQueenElizabethIIhave/doesHerMajestyhavetherealpowertochooseaprimeminister?Whyorwhynot?a.shecanchooseaprimeminister,dissolveParliamentanddeclarewar.b.No.sheisafigureheadboundbythetradition,constitutionandlawsofthenation.ShedoesitontheadviceofParliament.Questionsaboutthetext4.Ifthemonarchywereabolished,whatwouldthingsinBritainbelike?Thegovernment,Parliament,nation,andCommonwealthwouldbeturnedupsidedown.EverynutandboltofeveryoneofBritain’smajorinstitutionswouldhavetobealteredtomakewayforchange.Questionsaboutthetext5.Doyouknowanyscandalsaboutsomemembersoftheroyalfamily?Bespecific.ThereareacoupleofscandalsinvolvingtheQueen’ssisterandchildren.ApartfromCamillagate卡米拉門andSquidgygate魷魚門事件,itwasreportedthatPrincessMichaelofKenthadanaffairwithoiltycoonJohnWardHunt,arelativeofthefabulouslywealthyBunkerHuntofHouston,U.S.A.Questionsaboutthetext6.Whymustthemonarchystay?Canitkeepapoliticianfromholdingallthepowers?Doyouthinkthemonarchymustgo?Statethereasons.a.Intheauthor’sview,ithasservedboththeBritishEmpireandtheCommonwealthwithgreatdistinction.Besides,itislegitimateandaccordswithtraditions.b.Yes,itcan,butitisnotthemonarchybuttheparliamentarydemocracythatcankeepapoliticianfromholdingallthepowersandbecomingadictator.c.Itdepends.ItistheBritishpeoplethatcandecideitsfuture.LanguagePoints1.ThisapoliticalstancehasmadeitpossibleforthepoliticalcultureofGreatBritaintoassimilate,withrelativeease,theoriesthatwouldappearonthefaceofthingstoberadicallyatoddswithasystemofmonarchicalgovernmentforexample,socialism.(para.4)Apolitical:Havingnointerestin/associationwithpolitics.Onthefaceof:judgingbywhatonecansee.atoddswith:indisagreementwith這種漠不關(guān)心政治的態(tài)度使得英國(guó)的政治文化能夠相對(duì)輕松地融合其它理論，盡管這些理論表面看來(lái)與君主制的政府有著激烈的沖突——例如社會(huì)主義。LanguagePoints2.Anyreplacementwouldberuinouslycostly,bothinfinancialtermsandalsointermsofthelossofaunifyingnationalsymbolandavitalhistoricallink.(para.5)Isittrue?TheFrenchRevolution(1789–1799),wasaperiodofradicalsocialandpoliticalupheavalinFrancethathadamajorimpactonFranceandindeedallofEurope.TheabsolutemonarchythathadruledFranceforcenturiescollapsedinthreeyears.Franceprovesthatthereplacementfromabsolutemonarchytorepublicanismisasuccess.Thereisnolossofnationalcohesionandrespectforthepast.無(wú)論是財(cái)政方面還是在失去統(tǒng)一的民族特征及至關(guān)重要的歷史環(huán)節(jié)方面來(lái)說(shuō)，任何一種替代都將損失巨大.intermsof:從某一方面來(lái)說(shuō)

LanguagePoints3.annus

horribilisThisphrasewasquotedfromQueenElizabethII’sspeechtotheGuildhallon24November1992,markingthe40thanniversaryofherAccession,inwhichshedescribedtheclosingoftheyearasan“annus

horribilis”.Annus

horribilisisaLatinphrasemeaning“horribleyear”,oralternatively,“yearofhorrors”.Italludestoannusmirabilismeaning“yearofwonders”.ListedherearesomeofthehorribleeventstowhichtheBritishqueenalluded.InMarch1992,itwasannouncedthathersecondson,TheDukeofYork,wouldseparatefromhiswifeSarah.Laterintheyear,scandalouspicturesofatoplessSarahbeingkissedonherfeetbyherfriend,JohnBryan,werepublishedinthetabloids.InApril,herdaughter,ThePrincessRoyal,divorcedherhusbandCaptainMarkPhillips.InJune,ThePrincessofWales’tell-allbook,Diana,HerTrueStory,

waspublished.

InNovember,justfourdaysbeforetheGuildhallspeech,oneofTheQueen'shomes,

WindsorCastle,caughtfire.Thecastlewasseriouslydamaged,andseveralpricelessartefactswerelost.InDecember,theRoyalFamilyfacedfurtherdifficultieswhentheseparationofThePrinceofWalesandhiswifeDiana,PrincessofWaleswasannounced.LanguagePoints4.Thepublicactionsandstatementsofothermembersoftheroyalfamilyhoweverlaudable(honorable)ordistressing(annoying)theymaybehavenoeffectsonthemonarch’spowerorstatus.(para.3)Why?皇室其它成員在公共場(chǎng)合的行為及演說(shuō)——無(wú)論是值得稱贊的還是令人煩惱的——都對(duì)君主的權(quán)力或地位沒(méi)有任何影響

LanguagePoints5.…initscallforawiderdebateonthisissuestilladvocatedtheretentionofQueenElizabethasheadofstateuntilherdeath.theretentionofsth:thekeepingofsthE.g.Thecitizens’ForumsupportedspecialpowersforQuebecbutalsoarguedfortheretentionofastrongcentralgovernment.呼吁在君主制去留問(wèn)題上做廣泛的討論時(shí)仍然提倡保留伊麗莎白女王作為國(guó)家元首直至她辭世

JournalisticLanguageWestminster威斯敏斯特（倫敦西部一個(gè)住宅區(qū)）英國(guó)議會(huì)，英國(guó)政府Whitehall

白廳（倫敦的一條街道）

英國(guó)政府及其政策City倫敦城

英國(guó)金融界，英國(guó)商業(yè)界DowningStreet

唐寧街（倫敦一街道）英國(guó)政府，英國(guó)內(nèi)閣FleetStreet

艦隊(duì)街（倫敦一街道）

英國(guó)新聞界，英國(guó)報(bào)業(yè)BuckinghamPalace白金漢宮（英國(guó))英國(guó)王宮

MonarchiccountriesAsia:Kuwait,Jordan,Oman,Qatar,Bahrain,SaudiArabia,Cambodia,Bhutan,Japan,Thailand,Brunei;Europe:GreatBritain,Luxemburg,Norway,Sweden,Spain,Denmark,Holland,Belgium,Monaco,Liechtenstein;Africa:Morocco,Lesotho,Swaziland;Oceania:Tonga/ziliao/2006-09/19/content_5108547.htmFinalexamPartIJournaleseandInternetVocabulary(10%,onepointforeachitem)Directions:ChoosethebestanswerwhichcansubstitutetheunderlinedwordineachheadlineorsentencefromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.MarkyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetI.

HutoattendSCO,BRICsummitsinRussiainmid-June.

A.Britain,IrelandandCanadaB.Britain,Russia,IndiaandChina

C.Brazil,Russia,IndiaandChinaD.Brazil,Russia,IndiaandCanada

BombersstrikeluxuryhotelinPakistan

A.protestB.accidentC.attackD.explodeFinalexamPartIIReadingCompre