人教版英語選修7教師用書Unit4英美文化欣賞

【導(dǎo)讀】《威廉·莎士比亞》是講述莎士比亞生平故事的小說，是由他的好朋友托比敘述的。閱讀下面選取的有關(guān)童年生活的節(jié)選，對比自己與莎翁童年生活的不同。WilliamShakespeare(excerpt)TobyremembersMynameisToby.I'manoldman，eighty-threethisspring.MyhouseisrightinthemiddleofStratford-upon-Avon，andIcanwatchthestreetmarketfrommywindow.ButIliveveryquietlynow.I'mjustanoldman，sittinginachair.IonceknewthegreatestmaninEngland.ForthirtyyearsIwashisfriend.Iworkedwithhiminthetheatre，throughthegoodtimesandthebadtimes.Hewasagoodfriendtome.Hewasalsothebestplaywright，thebestpoet，thateverlivedinEngland.WillShakespearewashisname.Isawallhisplaysinthetheatre.Peoplelovedthem.Theyshouted，laughedandcried，ateoranges，andcalledformore.Allkindsofpeople.Kings，Queens，Princes，greatlordsandladies，poorpeople，theboyswhoheldthehorses...everyone.WillShakespearecouldpleasethemall.Heputmeinaplayonce.Well，heusedmyname—Toby.TwelfthNightwasthenameoftheplay，Iremember.SirTobyBelch.Hewasabigfatman，wholikeddrinkingtoomuchandhavingagoodtime.QueenElizabeththeFirstwatchedthatplay—TwelfthNighton，the6thofJanuary，1601.Shelikedit，too.Will'sdeadnow，ofcourse.He'sbeendeadmorethanthirtyyears，andnooneseeshisplaysnow.ThePuritanshaveclosedallthetheatres.There'snosinging，nodancing，noplays.Itwasn'tlikethatinmyyoungdays.WehadagoodtimeinLondon，WillandI.I'venoteethnow，andmyhairhasallfallenout，butIcanstillthink—andremember.IrememberwhenWillandIwereyoung，justboysreally...ItwasasunnydayinOctober1579whenIfirstmetWill，justoutsideStratford，nearabigfieldofappletrees.Isawaboyupinoneofthetrees.Hehadredhairandlookedabouttwoyearsolderthanme.Whatareyoudoingupthere？Icalled.Justgettingafewapples，hesaid，smiling.ThoseareFarmerNash'sapples，Isaid，andhe'llsendhisdogsafteryouifheseesyou.MrNashhasgonetomarket，theboysaideon！They'regoodapples.ThenextminuteIwasupthetreewithhim.ButWillwaswrong.FarmerNashwasn'tatthemarket，andafewminuteslaterwesawhisangryredfaceabovethewallonthefarsideofthefield.WillandIranlikethewindandonlystoppedwhenwereachedtheriver.Wesatdowntoeatourapples.Willwasfifteen，andlivedinHenleyStreet，hetoldme.HisfatherwasJohnShakespeare，andhehadasister，Joan，andtwoyoungerbrothers，GilbertandRichard.Therewasanothersisterwhodied，Ilearntlater.Andthenextyearhehadanotherbrother，littleEdmund—thebabyofthefamily.Now，whataboutyou？heasked.There'sonlymeandmysister，Isaid.Myparentsaredead，andwelivewithmymother'sbrother：He'sashoe-makerinElyStreetandIworkforhim.Whatdoyoudo?IgotoMrJenkins'schoolinChurchStreet，Willsaid.Everyday，fromseveno'clockuntilfiveo'clock.NotSundays，ofcourse.Iwassorryforhim.Isn'titboring？Iasked.Sometimes.Usuallyit'sallright.Helaybackandputhishandsbehindhishead.ButwehavetoreadandlearnalltheseLatinwriters.Iwanttoreadmodernwriters，andEnglishwriters，likeGeoffreyChaucer.Canyouread？heasked.OfcourseIcanread！Isaid.Iwenttoschool.Willsatupandbegantoeatanotherapple.Iwanttobeawriter，hesaid.Apoet.Iwantthatmorethananythingintheworld.Wewerefriendsfromthatday，untilthedayhedied.Wemetnearlyeveryday，andhetaughtmealotaboutbooksandpoetryandwriters.Healwayshadhisnoseinabook.WhenWillleftschool，heworkedforhisfatherinHenleyStreet.JohnShakespearewasaglove-maker，andhehadotherbusinesstoo，likebuyingandsellingsheep.《威廉·莎士比亞》(節(jié)選)托比的回憶我叫托比，一位年邁的老人，今年春天年過83歲。家住艾汶河畔斯特拉福鎮(zhèn)中心，透過窗戶，便可以望到街道的鬧市。我的生活平和寧靜。畢竟我已是一位要在輪椅上安度晚年的子了。我曾認(rèn)識英國的一位最偉大的人物。我與他相交30年，同在劇團工作，也共同度過人生中歡樂與艱辛的歲月。他是我的好友。也是英國有史以來最優(yōu)秀的劇作家，最杰出的詩人。他就是威爾·莎士比亞。我看過他所有上演的戲劇。這些戲劇頗受歡迎，也一度令觀眾狂喜大悲，不過他們都希望能看到他更多的戲劇。形形色色的人，上自國王、王后、王子和豪富名女，下至貧苦百姓和牽馬的腳夫……所有的人，威爾·莎士比亞都能令他們開心歡娛。他曾將我寫進劇本，劇中用了我的原名——托比。我記得劇名為《第十二夜》，劇中的托比·培爾契爵士又大又胖而且喜歡酗酒行樂。女王伊麗莎白一世于1601年1月6號觀看了此劇——《第十二夜》，也很喜歡。當(dāng)然威爾現(xiàn)在已不在人世，他過世都30多年了，如今沒有人能看到他的戲。自從清教徒關(guān)閉了所有的劇院，就不再有歌聲、舞蹈和戲劇了。如今的情形同我年輕時與威爾在倫敦度過的快樂時光相比已經(jīng)大不一樣了。我現(xiàn)在沒有牙齒了，頭發(fā)也掉光了，但我還能思考——還能回憶，我記得威爾和我年輕的時候，還是孩子的時候……我第一次遇見威爾是在1579年10月的一天。那天，陽光明媚，就在斯特拉福鎮(zhèn)外一座大蘋果園附近，我看見有棵蘋果樹上坐著一位小男孩，長著紅棕色頭發(fā)，看模樣大概大我兩歲。你在上邊干什么？我叫道。摘蘋果。他笑著答道。那可是納什農(nóng)場主的蘋果，我說，如果他發(fā)現(xiàn)了，就要放狗咬你的。納什先生去集市了，男孩說道，來吧！蘋果不錯。一會兒我也上了樹。但是威爾錯了，納什先生并沒去集市，幾分鐘后我們看見果園那端墻頭露出一張氣得發(fā)紅的臉。威爾和我見勢撒腿就跑，一口氣跑到河邊才坐下來吃蘋果。威爾告訴我，他15歲，住在亨里街。家中有父親約翰·莎士比亞，妹妹瓊和兩個弟弟，吉爾伯特和理查。我后來聽說他另有一位姐姐死了。第二年他又添了一個弟弟——威爾家的赤子小埃德蒙。那么你呢？他問道。家里只有我和姐姐。我說，父母死后我們住在舅舅家。他是埃利街的一個鞋匠，我為他打工。你現(xiàn)在干什么？我在教堂街詹金斯先生的學(xué)校就讀，威爾說，每天從上午7點到下午5點上學(xué)，當(dāng)然不包括星期天。我真為他難過。這難道不乏味嗎？我問道。偶爾有這種感覺，不過通常覺得學(xué)校的生活也不錯。他仰身躺下，雙手枕著頭，在學(xué)校，我們不得不學(xué)習(xí)所有那些拉丁作家的作品。可我只想閱讀現(xiàn)代作家和英國作家的作品，比如杰弗利·喬叟。你會看書嗎？他問道。當(dāng)然會啦！我說，我上過學(xué)。威爾坐起來又吃了一個蘋果。我想成為作家，他繼續(xù)說道，詩人。世上再沒有比這更令我神往的。自那天起我們就成了莫逆之交，直到他過世。我們幾乎每天見面，他教了我許多書本和文學(xué)上的知識。他總是埋頭博覽群書。威爾離開學(xué)校后就在亨里街幫助父親料理生意。約翰·莎士比亞是一位手套工匠，同時經(jīng)營其他生意，如羊的買賣生意。ButWillwasn'tinterested.Whatarewegoingtodo，Toby？hesaidtomeoneday.Wecan'tspendallourlivesmakingshoesandgloves!Well，Isaid，wecouldrunawaytoseaandbesailors.Sailroundtheworld，likeFrancisDrake.DrakesailedbacktoPlymouthin1581，afterhisthree-yearjourneyroundtheworld，butwewerestillinStratford.Wemadelotsofplans，butnothingevercameofthem.Willwasstillreadingalotandhewasalreadywritingpoemshimself.Hesometimesshowedthemtome，andIsaidtheywereverygood.Ididn'treallyknowanythingaboutpoetrythen，buthewasmyfriend.Willwasnothappywithhiswriting.I'vegotsomuchtolearn，Toby，hesaid.Somuchtolearn.PoorWill.Hehadalottolearnaboutwomen，too.OnedayinOctober1582hecametomyhousewithalongface.I'llneverleaveStratford,hesaid.Whynot？Iasked.We'llgetawayoneday.You'llsee.Perhapsyouwill，hesaid，butI'mgoingtobemarriedinafewweeks'time.ToAnneHathaway.Mymouthfellopenandstayedopen.Married！ToAnneHathaway？IsthattheHathawaysoveratShottery?Yes，Willsaid.Iwasworkingonsomeshoesonthetable，andWillpickedoneupandlookedatit.Well，er，she'safinegirl，ofcourse，Isaidunfortably.But...but，Will，she'stwenty-sixandyou'reonlyeighteen!Iknow，Willsaid.ButI'vegottomarryher.Ohno！Isaid.Youmean，she's...That'sright，saidWill.Inaboutsixmonths'timeI'mgoingtobeafather.但威爾對做生意卻不