2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)自測(cè)Unit1ScienceandScientists新人教版選擇性必修第二冊(cè)含答案

Unit1ScienceandScientists基礎(chǔ)默寫(xiě)Ⅰ.核心單詞——寫(xiě)其形1.severeadj.極為惡劣的；十分嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的2.suspectvt.&vi.懷疑；疑有n.犯罪嫌疑人3.blamevt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé)n.責(zé)備4.handlen.把手；拉手；柄vt.處理；搬動(dòng)；操縱5.linkn.聯(lián)系；紐帶vt.把……連接起來(lái)6.decreasen.減少；降低vt.&vi.減少；降低7.transformvt.使改觀；使改變形態(tài)vi.改變；轉(zhuǎn)變8.castvt.投射；向……投以（視線、笑容等）；投擲9.shadown.陰影；影子；背光處10.pourvt.倒出；傾瀉；斟（飲料）11.outstandingadj.優(yōu)秀的；杰出的；明顯的12.giftedadj.有天賦的；有天才的13.conceptn.概念；觀念14.brilliantadj.聰穎的；絕妙的；明亮的15.shiftn.改變；轉(zhuǎn)換；輪班vi.&vt.轉(zhuǎn)移；轉(zhuǎn)向Ⅱ.拓展單詞——通其變1.frustratevt.使懊喪；使沮喪→frustratedadj.懊惱的；沮喪的→frustratingadj.令人懊惱的；令人沮喪的→frustrationn.懊喪；懊惱；沮喪2.infectvt.使感染；傳染→infectionn.感染；傳染3.provevt.證明→proofn.證據(jù)；證明；檢驗(yàn)4.pureadj.干凈的；純的；純粹的→purifyvt.使純凈；使?jié)崈簟鷓urityn.純潔；純凈5.defendvt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解→defencen.防御；防務(wù)6.assistvt.&vi.幫助；協(xié)助→assistantn.助理；助手→assistancen.幫助；援助7.leadv.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)致；通向→leadern.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者→leadershipn.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能→leadingadj.最重要的；一流的Ⅲ.閱讀單詞——曉其意1.contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；對(duì)立的2.subscribevi.認(rèn)購(gòu)（股份）；定期訂購(gòu)；定期交納（會(huì)費(fèi)）3.multipleadj.數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的4.substantialadj.大量的；價(jià)值巨大的；重大的5.statisticn.[pl.]統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計(jì)資料；統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)6.frameworkn.框架；結(jié)構(gòu)7.solidadj.可靠的；固體的；堅(jiān)實(shí)的8.rainbown.彩虹9.concreten.混凝土adj.確實(shí)的；具體的10.patrioticadj.愛(ài)國(guó)的11.tracevt.追溯；查出n.痕跡；蹤跡12.abstractadj.抽象的；理論上的n.（文獻(xiàn)等的）摘要Ⅳ.核心短語(yǔ)——明搭配1.ingeneral總的來(lái)說(shuō)2.thanksto幸虧；由于3.dependon/upon依靠；信賴；取決于4.calmdown平靜下來(lái)5.breakout突然開(kāi)始；爆發(fā)6.inchargeof主管；掌管7.aboveall最重要的是；尤其是8.onceandforall最終地；徹底地9.subscribeto同意；贊同10.dealwith處理；應(yīng)對(duì)；涉及11.carryout履行；執(zhí)行12.comedown患（病）；染上（小?。?經(jīng)典句式——會(huì)運(yùn)用1.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.（itseems/seemedthat...）該婦女似乎非常喜歡從水泵抽上來(lái)的水，每天都讓人從那里打水運(yùn)到家里來(lái)。2.Accordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.（havesth.done）因此，他讓人把水泵的把手拆掉，這樣水泵就用不成了。3.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.（belikelytodo）與飲用純凈水或開(kāi)水的人相比，飲用這種水（被污染的水）的人更容易染上霍亂。4.However，whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings，suchasmusicanddrawing.（make＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)）然而，他之所以能成為一名如此杰出、富有創(chuàng)造力的科學(xué)家，可能是因?yàn)樗麑?duì)音樂(lè)、繪畫(huà)等其他事物的濃厚興趣。語(yǔ)境自測(cè)Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě)（用本單元詞匯）1.Whatshehadsaidsoundedconvincing，butIsuspectedthatshewastellingalie.2.Amancanfailmanytimes，butheisn’tafailureuntilhebeginstoblame（責(zé)備）somebodyelse.3.Totellthetruth，Idon’tknowifIcanhandle（處理）thejob.4.SmogbecameasevereprobleminBritainbecausepeopleatthattimeburntlotsoffossilfuels.5.Thereisstrongevidenceofalinkbetweenexerciseandahealthyheart.6.Asittingroomcanbetransformedintoaguestbedroomsimplybyaddingasofa-bed.7.Thankstotheoutstandingscholarsandscientists，wehavemadegreatprogressinmanyfields.8.Thepopstar’spopularitydecreasedashegotolder，whichisonlytobeexpected.9.Heisagiftedchildwhohasanextraordinarymemoryforfigures.Ⅱ.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Tobetterdefendourterritory，ourcountryshouldinsistontheconstructionofnationaldefence.（defend）2.Aleadershouldpayattentiontoleadershipskills.Thus，hecanmakehiscompanybecomealeadingone.（lead）3.Johnismyassistant.OnedayhecametomyassistancewhenIneededhishelp.Heassistedmeinfinishingtheassignmentofthatday.（assist）4.Themachinecanpurifyrunningwater.Somanypeoplehaveboughtonetogetpurewater.（pure）5.Hiswoundwasinfectedwithgerms.Theinfectionledtohisfever.（infect）Ⅲ.用方框內(nèi)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式完成句子onceandforall subscribeto thanksto breakoutinchargeof comedown aboveall1.Wefinallydecidedtohandlethisannoyingmatteronceandforall.2.Tomcamedownwithfluandhadtostayhome.3.Anexperiencedengineerisinchargeoftheproject.4.Thankstorecentresearch，effectivetreatmentsareavailable.5.Weareinthehabitofsubscribingtomorningpaperssoastokeepupwithcurrentevents.6.TheyhadescapedtoAmericashortlybeforethewarbrokeoutin1939.7.Lookingback，Dianaoweshercompetenceandachievementstothegoalsheset，theeducationshereceived，andaboveall，theeffortsshemade.Ⅳ.句式仿寫(xiě)1.他更有可能得到這個(gè)工作，因?yàn)樗谒猩暾?qǐng)者中是如此優(yōu)秀。（belikelytodo）Heismorelikelytogetthejob，becauseheissooutstandingamongalltheapplicants.2.盡管有人反對(duì)，但是似乎大多數(shù)人都同意這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。（itseems/seemedthat...）Althoughtherewasdisagreement，itseemedthatthemajorityofpeopleagreedwiththisview.3.如果你想周日去爬山，最好在那之前把作業(yè)都