2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義Unit2MoralsandVirtues新人教版必修第三冊(cè)含答案

Unit2MoralsandVirtuesLifeisprecioustoLinQiaozhi，whohaddeliveredover50，000babiesinherlifetime.Whenpeopleentrustedherwiththeirlives，itwashervirtuethatcarriedherthroughdecadesofhardchoices.Whenshewas18，shechosetostudymedicineinsteadofenteringintoamarriagelikethemajorityofgirls.Unfortunately，herbrotherrespondednegativelytoherchoice，complainingaboutthehightuitionfees.However，nothingcouldscareheroff.Aftergraduation，LinQiaozhiwonascholarshipandwasappointedasaresidentphysicianinafamoushospital.Afterafewyears，shewassenttostudyinEuropeandthentheUS，whereshegreatlyimpressedhercolleagues，whoinvitedhertostaybutwererejected，forshewasdeterminedtoreturntoChina.Thenduringthewar，sheopenedherownclinictoshieldtheinjuredfromharm.AfterthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina，shewaselectedtomanyimportantpositions，butthisdidn’tweakenherinterestatallintendingpatientsandtrainingthenextgenerationofdoctorswhocouldreplaceher.DrLindidn’tretireuntilthedayshepassedaway.Duringherwholelife，DrLinpublishedagreatdealofmedicalresearch，leavingmassivewealthtotheworld，andhersavingswereusedonchildrenandmedicaldevelopment.Inmemoryofhercontributions，amemorialparkwasbuiltin1984onKulangsuIsland.1respondvt.&vi.回答，回復(fù)（reply）vi.作出反應(yīng)，回應(yīng)（react）1.[外研選必②－6]Temperaturesarerising，andnationsarefailingtorespondtoit.2.[譯林選必④－2]Moreimportantly，whetheryouapproveofthespeaker’swordsornot，youneedtobehonestinyourresponse（respond）.3.我寫信是響應(yīng)網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布的通知，申請(qǐng)一份城市籃球比賽的志愿工作。 （申請(qǐng)信）I’mwritingtoapplyforavoluntaryjobintheCityBasketballCompetitioninresponsetothenoticepostedonthewebsite.★respondto...（with...）（以……）回答/響應(yīng)……★responsen.回答，答復(fù)；反應(yīng)；響應(yīng)inresponseto作為對(duì)……的答復(fù)；響應(yīng)2tendvt.&vi.照顧；照料（attendto，carefor，lookafter，takecareof）vi.往往會(huì)；傾向；趨于1.[譯林必修②－2]Ithasalsobeenproventhatactivepeopletendtohave（have）betterimmunesystemsandareatlowerriskofdiseases.2.Thereisawidespreadtendency（tend）thatmoreandmoreyoungpeoplechooseonlineshoppingratherthangotobrick-and-mortarstores（實(shí)體店）tobuywhattheylike.（引入話題）點(diǎn)撥此處that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，作tendency的同位語(yǔ)。3.EverytimeIgettiredofstudying，tending（to）theflowers（照料花兒）onthebalconymakesmefeelenergeticagain.點(diǎn)撥主句謂語(yǔ)為makes，所以空處應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)形式作主語(yǔ)，且此處表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，所以用v-ing作主語(yǔ)。4.然而，許多人往往會(huì)以成敗論英雄?！貶owever，manypeopletendtojudgeapersonbyhis/hersuccessorfailure.（tend）→②However，manypeoplehaveatendencytojudgeapersonbyhis/hersuccessorfailure.（tendency）★tend（to）sb./sth.照料某人/某物tendtodosth.往往會(huì)發(fā)生某事；易于做某事tendto/towards...趨向于……★tendencyn.傾向；趨勢(shì)haveatendencytodosth.有做某事的傾向tendencyto/towards...……的傾向★其他表示"趨勢(shì)"的詞：trend，current，tide3scarevt.驚嚇；使害怕vi.受驚嚇1.Someparentstrytoscaretheirnaughtychildrenintobehavingthemselves.2.Afterwatchingascaryfilm，shewasscaredinthedarkatmidnight.（scare）3.[外研選必①－1]Althoughsheisclearlystillinsomepain，herscared（scare）andanxiouslookhasbeenreplaced—firstbyasmallsmile，andthenbyloudlaughter...4.Scaredoflosingcontroloftheirlife，somepeopletendtofollowthepaththatotherssuggestbecausetheyarescaredtofail（fail）.5.WhenIrealizedthatthebearwascomingbacktoattackus，Iwasnearlyscaredtodeath（幾乎要嚇?biāo)懒耍?（讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫）★scaresb.away/off把某人嚇跑scaresb.intodoingsth.恐嚇某人做某事★scaredadj.害怕的bescaredof（doing）sth.害怕（做）某事bescaredtodosth.害怕做某事bescaredtodeath害怕得要死★scaryadj.恐怖的，嚇人的4replacevt.接替；取代；更換；把……放回原處1.結(jié)合語(yǔ)境寫出下列句子中畫線部分的含義①Youhavetoreplacethebooksontheshelvesbeforeyouleave. 把……放回原處②[譯林必修②－2]Inresponsetopublicinterest，ouraerobicsclasshasbeenreplacedwithseveralfunoptions，includingmoderndance. 取代2.我強(qiáng)烈推薦我的朋友李明，他是最適合下周代替鮑勃的人。 （推薦信）IstronglyrecommendmyfriendLiMing，whoisthemostsuitablepersontoreplace/taketheplaceofBobnextweek.★replaceA（with/byB）（用B）接替/取代A★replacementn.[U]替換，更換；[C]替代品replaceableadj.可替換的；可代替的★"代替，取代"的其他表達(dá)：inplaceofsb.＝inone’splacetakeone’splace＝taketheplaceofsb.5harmn.&vt.傷害；損害1.[北師選必①－3]High-tensionpowerlines，aswellasclear-cutcorridors，pipelines，roadsofrocksandpaintedlinesonthegrounddonoharmtoanimals.2.NotonlycontinuedAntarctictourismbutalsotheintroductionofsomeharmful（harm）foreignthingscouldthreatenthebalanceofthelocalecosystem. （環(huán)境保護(hù)）3.Theexperiencedphysicianprescribedthepregnantwomansomemedicineharmless（harm）toherbaby.點(diǎn)撥句意：醫(yī)生給孕婦開(kāi)了一些對(duì)孩子無(wú)害的藥。高考語(yǔ)法填空題中，若提示詞為名詞，需要變成形容詞時(shí)，還要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境看空處是表示否定意義還是肯定意義。4.Thereisnoharminturningoffthelight（關(guān)上燈沒(méi)有害處）whenyougoout.5.花太多時(shí)間上網(wǎng)會(huì)損害我們的視力。 （個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)）Spendingtoomuchtimeonlinecanharm/doharmto/beharmfultooureyesight.★dosb.harm/doharmtosb.對(duì)某人有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事沒(méi)有害處。★harmfuladj.有害的beharmfulto...對(duì)……有害★harmlessadj.無(wú)害的6carrysb.through（sth.）幫助某人渡過(guò)難關(guān)1.結(jié)合語(yǔ)境寫出下列句子中畫線部分的含義①It’sadifficultjobbutshe’sthepersontocarryitthrough. 成功完成（工作）②Inthepasttoughyears，hisdeterminationhascarriedhimthrough. 幫助他渡過(guò)難關(guān)點(diǎn)撥through可以作介詞，后接名詞；也可以作副詞，后不接任何成分。③Hehasprovedhecancarrythroughonhispromises. 履行他的承諾2.[外研必修②－6]Carryoutthesurveyandusetheresultstocomeupwithwaystoreducecarbonfootprint.3.[人教必修③－4]Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.4.Withhercompanyandcontinualencouragement，Isuccessfullywentthroughthosetoughyears.→Itwashercompanyandcontinualencouragementthatcarriedmethroughthosetoughyears.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）點(diǎn)撥gothrough在此處意為"經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受（尤指苦難或艱難時(shí)期）"，除此之外，還可表示"檢查；通讀，查閱；（法律、協(xié)議、決定）獲得通過(guò)"。5.大海的氣味勾起了她童年的回憶。Thesmelloftheseacarriedherbacktoherchildhood.★carrysth.through成功完成某事carrythrough（on/withsth.）履行（承諾）★carryon繼續(xù)，堅(jiān)持；繼續(xù)移動(dòng)carryoutsth.履行（諾言）；執(zhí)行/完成（計(jì)劃、研究等）carrysb.back（tosth.）使某人回想起（某事）；使某人回憶（某事）7inmemoryof作為對(duì)……的紀(jì)念1.Thetextissoimportantthatweshouldmemorize/memorise（memory）it.點(diǎn)撥-ize（-ise）為常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞后綴，如modernize，industrialize，globalize等。2.Wewillholdaseriesofactivitiesinmemoryofthosebravefirefighters（紀(jì)念那些勇敢的消防隊(duì)員）.點(diǎn)撥類似的"in＋n.＋of"型短語(yǔ)還有：inpraiseof稱贊，歌頌；incelebrationof慶祝；insearchof尋找；infavourof支持，贊同；inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)，管理；insupportof支持；intermsof就……而言；inaidof為幫助；inhonourof向……表示敬意；inneedof需要。★memorise（NAmEmemorize）vt.記住，熟記memorableadj.值得紀(jì)念的，難忘的memorialadj.紀(jì)念的，悼念的n.紀(jì)念碑；紀(jì)念物8agreatdeal（of）大量1.Agreatdealofnervoustensionbeforetheperformanceoftenleads（lead）toatotalmessonstage.2.Thistimehedroveagooddealfaster（fast）sowedidn’tarrivelatelikelastSunday.點(diǎn)撥本句中沒(méi)有明顯的比較級(jí)標(biāo)志詞than，但由句首的Thistime和so后的句子可知此處暗含比較意義，且空前有agooddeal修飾，故填fast的比較級(jí)。常見(jiàn)的修飾比較級(jí)的詞還有any，much，even，far，alot等。3.Youradviceandguidancemeanagreat/gooddealtous（對(duì)我們意義重大）intheEnglishDramaFestival. （感謝信）4.我花了大量時(shí)間閱讀您推薦的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，從中學(xué)到了很多。 （感謝信）Ispentagreat/gooddealoftime（in）readingrelevantliteratureyourecommended，fromwhichIhavelearnedagreat/gooddeal.★agreat/gooddealof＋n.[U]＋v.（單數(shù)）agreat/goodmanyof＋n.[C]＋v.（復(fù)數(shù)）★agreat/gooddeal（副詞短語(yǔ)）可修飾adj./adv.比較級(jí)，也可修飾v.。agreat/gooddeal（名詞短語(yǔ)）意為"大量，許多"，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。9"否定詞＋adj./adv.比較級(jí)"表示最高級(jí)意義1.如果您能抽出一點(diǎn)時(shí)間給我一些指導(dǎo)，我將不勝感激。 （求助信）Icouldn’tbemoregratefulifyoucouldsparesometimetogivemesomeguidance.點(diǎn)撥"不勝感激"還可以用"Ican’tthankyouenough"表達(dá)。2."我從來(lái)沒(méi)吃過(guò)比這更美味的早餐了！"媽媽滿意地回答道。"I’veneverhadamoredeliciousbreakfastthanthis！"Momrepliedinasatisfiedvoice.★此結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為"沒(méi)有比……更……，再……不過(guò)了"?！锍Ｓ玫姆穸ㄔ~有nothing，no，not，never，nobody等。10wouldratherdosth.寧愿做某事1.It’ssohotoutside！Iwouldratherstay（stay）athomedoinghousework.2.[外研選必②－3]Afterall，howmanyofustodaywouldrathersendamessagepackedwithemojisthanmakeatelephonecall？3.如今，人們寧愿用高科技產(chǎn)品來(lái)交流和消磨時(shí)間，也不愿與朋友及家人出去。→①Nowadays，peoplewouldrathercommunicateandkilltimebyusinghi-techproductsthangooutwithfriendsandfamilies.（wouldrather）→②Nowadays，peopleprefertocommunicateandkilltimebyusinghi-techproductsratherthangooutwithfriendsandfamilies.（prefer）★wouldrather為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，后接動(dòng)詞原形?！飛ouldratherdosth.thandosth.（＝woulddosth.ratherthandosth.＝prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.）寧愿做某事也不愿做某事一對(duì)反義前綴：in-（im-）&ex-本單元：im-（向內(nèi)）＋port（港口）→進(jìn)入港口內(nèi)→import進(jìn)口ex-（向外）＋port（港口）→到港口外→export出口拓展：從下列方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并用其正確形式填空。