高中英語語法-被動(dòng)語態(tài)詳解

高一語法被動(dòng)語態(tài)PassiveVoiceWarmingup《LoveToBeLovedByYou》是一首旋律優(yōu)美的英文歌曲，演唱者是美國流行歌手馬克·特倫茨〔MarcTerenzi〕。2005年，Marc與德國歌手莎拉·寇娜〔SarahConnor〕結(jié)婚時(shí)，將這首歌作為愛的禮物獻(xiàn)給妻子。Task1FilltheblankbythesongBaby,tellmehowcanItellyou

ThatIyoumorethanlife

ShowmehowcanIshowyou

ThatI’mbyyourlight

WhenyoutouchmeIcantouchyou

Tofindoutthedreamistrue

Itobeloved

Ineedtobe

Itobebyyou

loveblindedlovelovedloveloved

Summary:主動(dòng)or被動(dòng)？

主動(dòng)被動(dòng)ThatIloveyoumorethanlifeThatI’mblindedbyyourlightIlovetobelovedIneedtobelovedIlovetobelovedbyyou

(一)語態(tài)分類(六)總結(jié)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化(四)常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(五)

含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：(二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用(三)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法(一)語態(tài)分類

英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)，主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：

Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主動(dòng))Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被動(dòng))漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動(dòng)，而英語用：

助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要表達(dá)在be的變化上，其形式與系動(dòng)詞be的變化形式完全一樣。以give為例，列表如下：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 一般過去時(shí)： 一般將來時(shí)： 一般過去將來時(shí)： 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 過去完成時(shí)： 將來完成時(shí)： 過去將來完成時(shí)：

［注］被動(dòng)語態(tài)沒有將來進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。am/is/are+donewas/were+done

shall/will+bedone

should/would+bedone

am/is/are+being+done

was/were+being+done

have/has+been+done

had+been+done

shall/will+havebeen+done

should/would+havebeen+done

常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.

Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.

(2)Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.

Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.?.Ifhe___enoughtime,hewillcomeupwithanidea.A.givesB.willgiveC.isgivenD.willbegiven?.Anewfilmisgoingto___thisSunday.A.showB.showingC.beshownD.beshowing?.Manybridges___overtheriversinceliberation.A.arebuiltB.HavebuiltC.builtD.havebeenbuilt?.Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto____inourcity.A.bebuildingB.buildC.bebuiltD.builtsummary主動(dòng)語態(tài)S〔主語〕+v(動(dòng)詞)S(主語)+am/is/are+過去分詞(done)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(simplepresent)：Task3GroupWork1一般過去時(shí)：一般將來時(shí):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:?S+was/were+P.P.S+will+be+P.P.S+can/may/must/shoud+be+P.P.GroupWork2:

cancarrybasket

hetheThebasketcanbe

carriedbyhim.Hecancarrythebasket.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomshouldbecleanedbyuseveryday.shouldclassroomWethecleaneveryday(三)常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

2.一般過去時(shí)：(1)Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.

Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.(2)Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.

Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten.

?.Ishouldverymuchliketohavegonetotheparty,butI______invited.A.amnotB.haven’tbeenC.wasnotD.willnotbe析：should/wouldliketohavedonesth.意“本想做某事”，例如：Ishouldliketohaveseenthefilm,butitwasn

tpossible.由于這種句式表示“過去想”，所以but后的句子也應(yīng)該是過去時(shí)態(tài)與之相配合，故此題答案是C。(三)常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)3.一般將來時(shí)：

(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.

Carswillbesentabroadbysea.(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.

Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.?.Ipromisethatthematterwill______.(NMET)A.betadencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareof析：takecareof…是固定短語，假設(shè)無of那么不可帶賓語，只能跟that從句。所以此題答案為B。

(三)常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)4.過去將來時(shí)：(1)Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.

Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.

(2)Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.

Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.(三)常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：

(1)TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.

Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.(2)Wearepaintingtherooms.

Theroomsarebeingpainted.?.—Haveyougottheresultofthelastexamination?

—Notyet.We’vebeentoldthatthepapers________.

A.aremarkedB.arebeingmarked

C.havebeenmarkedD.weremarked此題答案應(yīng)為B。?.Wecan’tusethebridgenow,becauseit____.A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired

(三)常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：

(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroad.

Theroadwasbeingmended.

(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.

Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.

(三)常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.

Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.

Hisbookhasbeenbrought

here.(三)常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)8.過去完成時(shí)：(1)WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.

WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.

(2)Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.

Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.?.—Haveyougottheresultofthelastexamination?

—Notyet.We’vebeentoldthatthepapers________.

A.aremarkedB.arebeingmarked

C.havebeenmarkedD.weremarked此題答案應(yīng)為B。?.Alotofnewroads___builtinthewestofChina.A.mustB.mustbeC.hasD.have?.Hiscar___tomorrow.A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.hasbeenrepaired(四〕含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。(1)Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.(2)Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.Askandanswer

watereverydayathomemygrandmaA:When

aretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.A:Aretheflowerswateredbymygrandmaathomeeveryday?B:yes,theyare.A:When

aretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.A:When

aretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.A:Aretheflowerswateredbymygrandmaathomeeveryday?B:yes,theyare.A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.A:When

aretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.WhenWhereWhosweeponweekendsinthekitchenmymotherWhenwherewhodoafterschoolintheclassroomthechildren1.及物動(dòng)詞或詞組(二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用?.——Doyoulikethematerial?——Yes,it______verysoft.(NMET)A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt析：觀察題干，空白線后無賓語，可知feel是不及物動(dòng)詞，表“〔某物〕摸起來…”意思,是連系動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)式，也不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)此題對話情景，是指某種材料的常規(guī)特性，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不能用過去時(shí)，故答案為C。feel作“感覺”、“認(rèn)為”、“摸”等意時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，可帶賓語，有時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)等變化。?．Greatchanges______inthecity,andalotoffactories______.(NMET)A.havebeentakenplace…h(huán)avebeensetupB.havetakenplace…h(huán)avebeensetupC.havetakenplace…h(huán)avesetupD.weretakenplace…weresetup析：takeplace〔發(fā)生〕是不及物動(dòng)詞，不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，于是可排除A、D，又因setup(建造)是及物動(dòng)詞，在此題中應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)式，故排除C，答案為B。2.不及物動(dòng)詞或詞組第一，一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.

誤：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第二，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。

Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.誤：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.誤：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.第三，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.誤：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.誤：Eachotherisloved.以下情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句：第四，感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。(1)—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.誤：Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第五，謂語是及物動(dòng)詞leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.誤：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.Shehadherhandburned.誤：Herhandwashadburned.

被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用1.當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這時(shí)往往不用by

短語。

“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2.突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by

短語。

TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.當(dāng)漢語句子的主語既不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這時(shí)常用in+名詞作狀語，而代替by

短語。

ThesecarsweremadeinChina.15,000carswillbeproducedeachyearinthenewfactory.?.Thismusic_____theMoonlightSonata.A.islistenedtoB.isheardC.issoundedlikeD.soundslike?.Thiscar_____ausedcar.A.doesn’tlooklikeB.isn’tlikedlikeC.doeslookD.looks?．Thesedaysmanychildrenaremade________whattheyarenot_________.todo;interestedintodo;interesteddo;interesteddo;interestedin

此題答案應(yīng)為A。(五)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法一變二套三注意I

bought

acomputerlastterm．Acomputer

wasbought(byme)lastterm.賓(受動(dòng)者)主謂Acomputer

wasbought(byme)lastterm.Task4語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問題1.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正確)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(錯(cuò)誤)2.含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語為主語時(shí)比較多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，那么在間接賓語(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保存賓語×注意：1.一般在以下動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to，如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.2.一般在以下動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2)Themeatwascookedforus.(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.3.由動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動(dòng)詞有：

不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞，如:

agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.及物動(dòng)詞+副詞：如：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.?.Thatkindofshirts__cotton.

A.ismadefromB.aremadefromC.ismadeofD.aremadeof?.Mysuitaremade___cottonand___Shanghai.A.from,inB.of,inC.of,byD.from,by4.帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語保存在謂語動(dòng)詞后面。如：(1)Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(2)Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后都帶to，這時(shí)不定式為主語補(bǔ)足語，也就是說不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語不存在省略to的問題。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.?.They___dayandnight.A.aremadeworkB.aremadetoworkC.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork5.當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語是nobody,noone等含有否認(rèn)意義的不定代詞時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody,作by的賓語，并將謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉裾J(rèn)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：Nobodycananswerthisquestion.誤：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.×6.當(dāng)否認(rèn)句中的賓語是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動(dòng)句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing,nobody,noone作主語，并將謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍?dòng)語態(tài)。如：Theyhaven'tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.誤：Anythinghasn'tbeendonetomaketheriverclean.正：Nothi