美國(guó)統(tǒng)一商法典

2010版美國(guó)統(tǒng)一商法典（中英文對(duì)照）UNIFORMCOMMERCIALCODEOFUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA2010版美國(guó)統(tǒng)一商法典（中英文對(duì)照）《美國(guó)統(tǒng)一商法典》（中英文40余萬(wàn)字，包括1.4萬(wàn)字的總目錄索引）。法典分為11章（Article），以總則（GeneralProvisions）和各分則的形式，對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)中的商事規(guī)則和商事慣例進(jìn)行了歸納和制度層面的架構(gòu)，消除了各州商法對(duì)州際交易因規(guī)定不同而造成的障礙，實(shí)現(xiàn)了美國(guó)商法在州際交易范圍內(nèi)，關(guān)于銷(xiāo)售、票據(jù)、擔(dān)保、信貸各領(lǐng)域規(guī)定的統(tǒng)一（除路易斯安那州之外的49個(gè)州、哥倫比亞特區(qū)和維爾京島都采納了這部法典），并為各類(lèi)商事交易活動(dòng)提供了優(yōu)良的模式，被美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)乃至國(guó)際商事社會(huì)廣泛采用和吸收，實(shí)現(xiàn)了商法的國(guó)際性。部分章節(jié)示例如下：U.C.C.-ARTICLE1-GENERALPROVISIONS第1篇–總則PART1.GENERALPROVISIONS[TableofContents]一般規(guī)定§1-101.ShortTitles.簡(jiǎn)略名稱(chēng).（a）This[Act]maybecitedastheUniformCommercialCode.（b）ThisarticlemaybecitedasUniformCommercialCode-GeneralProvisions.(a)本法可被引用為《統(tǒng)一商法典》。(b)本篇可被引用為《統(tǒng)一商法典-總則》。§1-102.ScopeofArticle.本篇范圍Thisarticleappliestoatransactiontotheextentthatitisgovernedbyanotherarticleof[theUniformCommercialCode].本篇適用于統(tǒng)一商法典其它篇調(diào)整范圍內(nèi)的交易?！?-103.Constructionof[UniformCommercialCode]toPromoteitsPurposesandPolicies:ApplicabilityofSupplementalPrinciplesofLaw.統(tǒng)一商法典的解釋促進(jìn)其目的和宗旨：補(bǔ)充法律原則的適用（a）[TheUniformCommercialCode]mustbeliberallyconstruedandappliedtopromoteitsunderlyingpurposesandpolicies,whichare:（1）tosimplify,clarify,andmodernizethelawgoverningcommercialtransactions;（2）topermitthecontinuedexpansionofcommercialpracticesthroughcustom,usage,andagreementoftheparties;and（3）tomakeuniformthelawamongthevariousjurisdictions.(a)統(tǒng)一商法典應(yīng)作不受限制的解釋和適用，以促進(jìn)其之根本目的和方針：(1)簡(jiǎn)化、闡明，并使調(diào)整商業(yè)交易的法律適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代要求；(2)使商業(yè)作法能夠通過(guò)習(xí)慣、行業(yè)慣例和當(dāng)事人協(xié)議不斷獲得發(fā)展；(3)使各州法律統(tǒng)一。（b）Unlessdisplacedbytheparticularprovisionsof[theUniformCommercialCode],theprinciplesoflawandequity,includingthelawmerchantandthelawrelativetocapacitytocontract,principalandagent,estoppel,fraud,misrepresentation,duress,coercion,mistake,bankruptcy,andothervalidatingorinvalidatingcausesupplementitsprovisions.(b)除非統(tǒng)一商法典特別條款將其排除，普通法和衡平法的各項(xiàng)原則，包括商人法和涉及締約能力、本人和代理人、禁止反悔、欺詐、虛偽說(shuō)明、脅迫、強(qiáng)制、錯(cuò)誤或破產(chǎn)的法律，或其它使合同生效或失效的法律，應(yīng)作為本法的補(bǔ)充?！?-310.EFFECTOFINSTRUMENTONOBLIGATIONFORWHICHTAKEN.因義務(wù)而取得的票據(jù)的效力（a）Unlessotherwiseagreed,ifacertifiedcheck,cashier'scheck,orteller'scheckistakenforanobligation,theobligationisdischargedtothesameextentdischargewouldresultifanamountofmoneyequaltotheamountoftheinstrumentweretakeninpaymentoftheobligation.Dischargeoftheobligationdoesnotaffectanyliabilitythattheobligormayhaveasanindorseroftheinstrument.(a)除非另有約定，若保付支票、銀行本票、或出納員所開(kāi)的內(nèi)部支票由于義務(wù)而取得，該義務(wù)在解除將導(dǎo)致的相同范圍內(nèi)被解除，若等于票據(jù)金額的一筆錢(qián)由于義務(wù)的履行而取得。義務(wù)的解除不影響債務(wù)人作為票據(jù)背書(shū)人而負(fù)有的任何義務(wù)。（b）Unlessotherwiseagreedandexceptasprovidedinsubsection（a）,ifanoteoranuncertifiedcheckistakenforanobligation,theobligationissuspendedtothesameextenttheobligationwouldbedischargedifanamountofmoneyequaltotheamountoftheinstrumentweretaken,andthefollowingrulesapply:(b)除非另有約定并且除非(a)款另有規(guī)定，若一張票據(jù)或一張未保付支票（uncertifiedcheck）由于一項(xiàng)義務(wù)而取得，該義務(wù)在解除的相同范圍內(nèi)中止，若等于票據(jù)金額的一筆錢(qián)被取得，及下列規(guī)則適用：（1）Inthecaseofanuncertifiedcheck,suspensionoftheobligationcontinuesuntildishonorofthecheckoruntilitispaidorcertified.Paymentorcertificationofthecheckresultsindischargeoftheobligationtotheextentoftheamountofthecheck.(1)在未保付支票的情形，義務(wù)的中止保持到該支票被拒付，或者保持到其被付款或被未保付。票據(jù)的付款或未保付導(dǎo)致義務(wù)在支票金額范圍內(nèi)的解除。（2）Inthecaseofanote,suspensionoftheobligationcontinuesuntildishonorofthenoteoruntilitispaid.Paymentofthenoteresultsindischargeoftheobligationtotheextentofthepayment.(2)在票據(jù)的情形，義務(wù)的中止保持到該票據(jù)被拒付，或者保持到其被付款時(shí)。票據(jù)的付款導(dǎo)致義務(wù)在付款范圍內(nèi)解除。（3）Exceptasprovidedinparagraph（4）,ifthecheckornoteisdishonoredandtheobligeeoftheobligationforwhichtheinstrumentwastakenisthepersonentitledtoenforcetheinstrument,theobligeemayenforceeithertheinstrumentortheobligation.Inthecaseofaninstrumentofathirdpersonwhichisnegotiatedtotheobligeebytheobligor,dischargeoftheobligorontheinstrumentalsodischargestheobligation.(3)除非(4)段另有規(guī)定，若支票或票據(jù)被拒付，并且因其而取得票據(jù)的義務(wù)的債權(quán)人是有權(quán)票據(jù)的人，債權(quán)人可以執(zhí)行該票據(jù)或該義務(wù)。在債務(wù)人流轉(zhuǎn)給債權(quán)人的第三人的票據(jù)的情形，債務(wù)人在票據(jù)上的解除也解除該債務(wù)。（4）Ifthepersonentitledtoenforcetheinstrumenttakenforanobligationisapersonotherthantheobligee,theobligeemaynotenforcetheobligationtotheextenttheobligationissuspended.Iftheobligeeisthepersonentitledtoenforcetheinstrumentbutnolongerhaspossessionofitbecauseitwaslost,stolen,ordestroyed,theobligationmaynotbeenforcedtotheextentoftheamountpayableontheinstrument,andtothatextenttheobligee'srightsagainsttheobligorarelimitedtoenforcementoftheinstrument.(4)若有權(quán)執(zhí)行由于一項(xiàng)債務(wù)取得的票據(jù)的人是除債權(quán)人之外的人，在債務(wù)中止范圍內(nèi)，該債權(quán)人不得執(zhí)行該債務(wù)。若債權(quán)人是有權(quán)執(zhí)行票據(jù)的人，但由于遺失、盜竊或毀壞而不再占有票據(jù)，在票據(jù)載明應(yīng)付金額范圍內(nèi)，該債務(wù)不得執(zhí)行，并且在該范圍內(nèi)，債權(quán)人對(duì)債務(wù)人的權(quán)利限于執(zhí)行票據(jù)。（c）Ifaninstrumentotherthanonedescribedinsubsection（a）or（b）istakenforanobligation,theeffectis（i）thatsta?tedinsubsection（a）iftheinstrumentisoneonwhichabankisliableasmakeroracceptor,or（ii）thatstatedinsubsection（b）inanyothercase.(c)若(a)或(b)款規(guī)定以外的票據(jù)由于一項(xiàng)債務(wù)而取得，效力是(i)(a)款規(guī)定的效力，若票據(jù)是銀行作為制作人或接受人而負(fù)有義務(wù)的票據(jù)，或(ii)在任何其他情形，(b)款規(guī)定的效力?！?A-107.FEDERALRESERVEREGULATIONSANDOPERATINGCIRCULARS.聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備規(guī)則和操作細(xì)則.RegulationsoftheBoardofGovernorsoftheFederalReserveSystemandoperatingcircularsoftheFederalReserveBankssupersedeanyinconsistentprovisionofthisArticletotheextentoftheinconsistency.在不一致的范圍內(nèi)，聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備銀行的聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備系統(tǒng)董事會(huì)章程和操作細(xì)則代替本篇任何不一致的規(guī)定。§4A-203.UNENFORCEABILITYOFCERTAINVERIFIEDPAYMENTORDERS.經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的托付單的不可強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行性.（a）Ifanacceptedpaymentorderisnot,underSection4A-202（a）,anauthorizedorderofacustomeridentifiedassender,butiseffectiveasanorderofthecustomerpursuanttoSection4A-202（b）,thefollowingrulesapply:(a)若在§4a-202(a)下，被接受的托付單不是確定為發(fā)送人的消費(fèi)者的經(jīng)授權(quán)的指令，但是依照§4a-202(b)條作為消費(fèi)者的指令有效，下列規(guī)則適用：（1）Byexpresswrittenagreement,thereceivingbankmaylimittheextenttowhichitisentitledtoenforceorretainpaymentofthepaymentorder.(1)按照明示的書(shū)面協(xié)議，收款行可以限制該范圍為其有權(quán)執(zhí)行或保留托付單的付款的范圍內(nèi)。（2）Thereceivingbankisnotentitledtoenforceorretainpaymentofthepaymentorderifthecustomerprovesthattheorderwasnotcaused,directlyorindirectly,byaperson（i）entrustedatanytimewithdutiestoactforthecustomerwithrespecttopaymentordersorthesecurityprocedure,or(2)收款行無(wú)權(quán)執(zhí)行或保留托付單的付款，若該消費(fèi)者證明該指令不被下述這樣的人直接或間接地引起，(i)任何時(shí)間受托代理消費(fèi)者履行關(guān)于托付單或安全程序的義務(wù)的人，或（ii）whoobtainedaccesstotransmittingfacilitiesofthecustomerorwhoobtained,fromasourcecontrolledbythecustomerandwithoutauthorityofthereceivingbank,informationfacilitatingbreachofthesecurityprocedure,regardlessofhowtheinformationwasobtainedorwhetherthecustomerwasatfault.Informationincludesanyaccessdevice,computersoftware,orthelike.(ii)獲得消費(fèi)者的傳輸便利的途徑的人，或者，從消費(fèi)者控制的來(lái)源并且沒(méi)有收款行的授權(quán)，獲得促成安全程序的違反的信息的人,不管該信息怎樣獲得，或者是否該消費(fèi)者具有過(guò)失。信息包括任何途徑設(shè)備、電腦軟件或類(lèi)似物。（b）Thissectionappliestoamendmentsofpaymentorderstothesameextentitappliestopaymentorders.(b)在其適用于托付單的相同范圍內(nèi)，本條適用于托付單的變更。§7-104.NegotiableandNonnegotiableDocumentofTitle.可流通的及不可流通的權(quán)利證書(shū).（a）Adocumentoftitleisnegotiableifbyitstermsthegoodsaretobedeliveredtobearerortotheorderofanamedperson.(a)若按照其條款，該貨物將被交付給持票人或按照指定的人的指令交付，權(quán)利證書(shū)是可流通的。（b）Adocumentoftitleotherthanonedescribedinsubsection（a）isnonnegotiable.Abillofladingthatstatesthatthegoodsareconsignedtoanamedpersonisnotmadenegotiablebyaprovisionthatthegoodsaretobedeliveredonlyagainstanorderinarecordsignedbythesameoranothernamedperson.(b)除(a)款規(guī)定的以外，權(quán)利證書(shū)不可流通。規(guī)定貨物被交付給指定的人的提單不因該貨物僅僅對(duì)同一個(gè)或其他的指定的人簽署的檔案中的指令交付的規(guī)定而可流通。（c）Adocumentoftitleisnonnegotiableif,atthetimeitisissued,thedocumenthasaconspicuouslegend,howeverexpressed,thatitisnonnegotiable.(c)若在其被發(fā)行時(shí)，該單據(jù)具有顯著的說(shuō)明，但明示，權(quán)利證書(shū)為不可流通?！?-109.WARRANTIESININDIRECTHOLDING.間接持有中擔(dān)保.（a）Apersonwhooriginatesanentitlementordertoasecuritiesintermediarywarrantstothesecuritiesintermediarythat:(a)發(fā)出權(quán)益指令給證券中介的，向證券中介擔(dān)保：（1）theentitlementorderismadebyanappropriateperson,oriftheentitlementorderisbyanagent,theagenthasactualauthoritytoactonbehalfoftheappropriateperson;and(1)該權(quán)益指令由適當(dāng)?shù)娜俗鞒觯蛘呷魴?quán)