2024年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)：完成圖表 專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題匯編含答案解析

2024年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)：完成圖表專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題匯編

話題一事物介紹

Passage1

Asthescienceandtechnologyisdevelopingsofast,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinour

dailylife,especiallythewaytobuythings.Itissoconvenientandfasttopaythatwejustneeda

smartphone,fingerprint,oreventoputourfacesinfrontofacamera.However,howdidpeople

buythingsinthepast?

Between11,000and6,000yearsago,peoplestartedexchanginganimalsandfoodtogetthe

thingstheyneeded.Itisnamedbartering（以物換物）.Peoplebarteredonethingforanother.Here's

howitworkedinthebeginning.

Around3,000yearsago,peoplethoughtthatshells（貝殼）wereagoodformofmoney.Why?

Thereasonsaresimpleforpeoplethen.Shellsarebeautifulandhard.Theydon'tbreakeasily,so

theycanlastalongtime.Peoplecan'tfindshellseverywhere,whichmakesthemvaluable.If

peoplewantedsomething,theywouldpayshellsforit.

Next,abouttwohundredyearslater,thefirstcoinwasinventedinChina.Thecoinswere

madeoutofmetal.Nowadays,wehavesmallandroundcoins.Butintheolddays,theywere

madeintodifferentshapesindifferentcenturies.

About1,200yearsago,theChinesewerethefirsttoprintmoney,butitwasn'tpapermoney.

Theyusedleather（皮革）whichwasmadefromthehidesofanimals.Itwasn'tuntiltheseventh

centurythattheydecidedtousepaper.Atlast,theworldhaditsfirstpapermoney.Paperislighter

thanthecoinsandtheycanbecarriedmoreeasily,sopeoplelikeitverymuch.Ifyouhadpaper

money,youwouldn'tneedsomanycoins.Strangely,ittookmuchmorecenturiesforother

countriesaroundtheworldtostartusingsuchmoney.

Thankstothedevelopmentoftechnology,westillhavepapermoneyandcoins,butnowwe

alsopayforthingselectronically.

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Thewaystoexchangethingstogetwhatweneed

Problems

Histoiy

★

BaitenngThoughshells

★Aiound3.000yeai'sago.shellssei,vedarebeautifuland

1.

aoodfbnnofmoney.hardbutthey

exchaneiiie

★About200yeaislater.comsmadeoutof

animalsandfoodcan'tbefound

metalcameout.

between11.000everywhere.

★About1.200yearsago.leathei'wasusedto★

and6.000yearsCoinshave

3inChma.beenusedfora

320.

★Untilthe7tlicentuiy.peoplebegantouseIonatime,but

4.they'renotas

★Atpresent,peopleusuallypaymliahtand

electronicway.tocany

aspapeimoney

Passage2

外文素材改編自1800ayso于READING

Howdoyoudescribethesurfaceofonething?Round?Square?Orsmooth?Youmayhave

differentanswers.Butweknowthatwecandescribetheearth'ssurfacethroughlandforms（地形）.

Landformsaremadebysomekindsofforces.Theseforcescouldbewind,waterorice.And

itusuallytakesaverylongtimetoformdifferentlandforms.Itcouldbehundredsorthousandsof

yearsorevenlonger.Forexample,youmayseemanyvalleys.Itusedtobeahighhill,butwith

timegoingby,waterandwindweardownhighlandintoaplain,andthencreatevalleys.Many

landformsareformedbywater.

Therearesomemainlandforms:mountains,valleys（峽谷），plateaus（高原）andplains（平原）.

Thereisnostandardgeological（地質(zhì)學(xué)的）meaningformountains.Butitisusuallythoughtasa

landformthatrisesaboveanythingaroundit.Often,mountainsinthedeepoceanarehigherand

greaterinsizecomparedtothemountainsstandingontheland.Valleysliebetweenhillsorwith

manyhighmountainsaround.Andthereisusuallyariveratthebottomofthevalleys.Thelowest

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partsofthevalleysarelandswheregoodcropsorplantscangrowwell.Mostofthevalleyson

landaremadeupofrunningstreamsandrivers.Plateauscanbeseenineverycontinentandcover

almostonethirdoftheearth.TheQinghai-XizangPlateau,locatedincentralAsiaisthehighest

andthelargestplateauintheworld.Lowplateausmakeupgoodfarmingplaceswhereashigh

plateausareconsideredgreatforanimalfarming.Plainsarethemostimportantlandformsfound

ontheearth.Theyarelowerthanthelandaroundthemandcanbefoundbothinlandandalongthe

coast.Aquitelargepartsofplainsarecoveredbygrasslandswithdeepandgoodsoil.Thatiswhy

plainsarecalledasthe“foodbasketsoftheworld^^.

1._______tothelandfoi-msontheearth

Howaielandfoimscreated?

Landformsmadebysome2._______kindsofforcesaiidusuallyfonnoveraveiy

longtime.

Four3._______oflandfbnns

?Mountains:themountainsstandiugonthelandisoftenloweraiidsmalleriusize

thanmountainsinthedeepocean.

?Valleys:theyareseenbetweenhillsorwitlimanyhighmountainsaiound.aiidtlie

lowestpaitsofthemcanbegoodenoughfor4._______.

?Plateaus:theycoveralmostonethirdoftheeaith.includinglowplateausandhigh

plateauswhichhavediffeientuse.

?Plains:asthemostimportantlandfbnnsto5._______agriculture,theyare/

\considei'edas4tfbodbasketsoftlieworld"./

話題二環(huán)境保護(hù)

Passage3

收卜文素材改編自

保護(hù)水足跡

Weneedfreshwatertolive.ButmostoftheEarth5swaterisundrinkable.

Onlyasmallpartoftheplanefswaterisfresh.Butmostofthatisundrinkable,

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too.Someispollutedandlesscleanthanbefore.Someisinicecaps.Someisstuckinthe

atmosphere（大氣層）.TabithaKhocaresaboutsavingwater.Andonceheinterviewedanexpert,

RickHogeboom,aboutthistopic.

“Wesimplyshouldn'tusemorewaterthanweneedforliving,RickHogeboomsays.He

leadstheWaterFootprint（足跡）Network."'Unluckily,thewaterisrunningout.Inmanyplaces,

peopleareusingmuchmorewaterthantheyneed.Theproblemneedstobesolvedquickly.We

mustfindagoodwaybeforetheproblembecomesmoreserious.Everyoneshouldhavethe

responsibilitytodosomethingtheycando.

However,thereisapieceofgoodnews.Wecanhelpprotectthewater.Onewayistopay

attentiontoourwaterfootprint.

What'swaterfootprint?Itmeanshowmuchwaterpeopleuse.Ithelpsusunderstandhow

ourlimitedfreshwaterresourcesarebeingwastedandpolluted.Itincludesbothdirectandindirect

use.Directwateriswaterthatcomesoutofourtaps.Wemightuseittowashourhands,takea

showerordothedishes.Whafsmore,wedrinkit.Whiledirectwaterisonlyasmallpartofwhat

weuse.Infact,weusemostwaterindirectlytoproducegoodsandservices.Foodmakesupthe

biggestpartofourwaterfootprint.IntheUnitedStates,clothesshoppingcanalsomakeupalarge

partofourwaterfootprint.Asinglepairofjeanstakesalmost2,000gallons（力口侖）ofwaterto

produce.

Wemustthinkcarefullyaboutourwaterfootprint.Inthatway,wecanmakesureallpeople

cangetfreshwater.

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PayAttentiontoWaterFootprint

Astimegoesby,climatechange（氣候）isbecomingmoreandmoreserious.Itleadstomany

naturaldisasters,likefloods（洪水），toohotortoocoldweather,sealevelriseandsoon.Allof

thesemakeanimalsandhumaningreatdanger.Lefslookathowbirdsareinfluencedbyclimate

change.

Itisknowntoallthatclimatechangehasgreatlyinfluenceonthebirds5livingenvironment.

TakePoyangLakeasanexample.Asanimportanthabitat（棲息地）forseriouslyendangeredbirds,

PoyangLakehasexperiencedunusualrisesandfalls.

“Insomeyears,thelakeexperiencesfloods,whileinotheryears,itexperiencesashortageof

rain.Underthesesituations,whatbirdscaneatintheirhabitatbecomelessandless,“QianFawen,

aleaderfromtheNationalBirdCenterofChinatoldChinaDaily.

Tosolvesuchproblemsaboutthebirds'habitats,Chinahastrieditsbesttotakeactions.It

hasnamed1,140placestheseyearsasimportantlivingandwinteringplacesinwetlands.To

protectChina*swetlands,alawwasalsomadein2022tocontrolhumanactivitiesatimportant

nationalwetlandsandstopharmfulactivities.Accordingtothelaw,peoplecan*toverusethe

wetlands.What'smore,theycan'tpour4到）wastewaterintothewetlands.Ofcourse,thetravelto

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theseplacesarealsocontrolled.Thereisonlyashorttimewhentheycanbevisited.Somekey

protectedwetlandswon'topentothepublic.

Sincethesemethodsworkedwell,morebirdshavebeenseenwinteringinthenation's

wetlands.InFebruary,HunanProvincereportedthat72kindsofwaterbirdshadspentthepast

winteratDongtingLake,andthatoneendangeredkindofbirdhadbecomemoreandmore-from

300inthe1980stoover5,000now.Allofthesecasesshowabetterfuture.

Let'sprotectthebirds5livingenvironment

話題三社會(huì)現(xiàn)象

Passage5

ThepopulationofIndiahasbecomelargerthanthatofChinain2023,makingitthemost

populouscountryintheworld.Earthisgettingmorecrowdedastheworld'spopulationisstill

growing.However,thegrowthmaynotlastforever.

Whiletheworld5spopulationisstillgrowing,itsgrowthrate（率）isatitsslowestsince1950

becauseoffewerbabies,saidthereport.Fertility（人口生育）hasgreatlyreducedinrecentyears

formanycountries.Today,two-thirdsoftheworld'spopulationliveinacountryorareawhere

lifetimefertilityisbelow2.1birthsforeachwoman.Apopulationwiththiskindofbirthrateand

lowmortality（死亡率）wouldnotchangeovertime.Itwouldstayaboutthesame.

Alowbirthratemeansfeweryoungpeopletocareforthegrowingagingpopulation

worldwide.By2025,theworldshouldexpecttoseefarmorepeoplewithgrayhairlivinglonger.

Theshareoftheworld'spopulationaged65oraboveisexpectedtorisefrom10percentin2022

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to16percentin2050.Lifeexpectancy(壽命)couldgoupto77.2yearsin2050from72.8yearsin

2019throughouttheworld.However,whereyou'rebomcandecideyourlifeexpectancy.In2021,

lifeexpectancyfortheleastdevelopedcountriesis7yearslessthantheworldaverage.

Bycomparison,eightcountriesshouldseemorethanhalfoftheworld'spopulationgrowth

upto2050.TheseincludetheDemocraticRepublicofCongo,Egypt,Ethiopia,India,Nigeria,

Pakistan,thePhilippinesandtheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.

LiuZhenmin,anofficialfromUN,warnedthatthefastpopulationgrowthintheseareas

makesitmoredifficulttoendtheproblemsofbeingpoorandfightinghungerandpoorcondition

ofhealthcausedbyalackoffood.

TheDevelopmentsituationofWorldpopulation

Lowbiilhrate

?Itsgrowthrateisatits1._______since1950.

?Lowfeililityrateshavespreadinmanycountiies.

QMore2._______)

)?Theshaieoftliepopulationaged65will3.________by6peicentfrom2022to2055./

(*Lifeexpectancywillgoup-peoplewilllivea4._________lifeinthefuture.I

--------/__------------、___--------

ChallengesofFastPopulationGrowth

?Eightcountliesshouldseemorethanhalfoftheworld'spopulationgrowthupto2050.

?Peopleintheseaieaswillfacechallengesofbeingpoorandfighting5._______andpoor

conditionofhealth.

話題四傳統(tǒng)文化

Passage6

TaiChihasalwaysbeenasymbolofChinesecultureandisbecomingpopulararoundthe

world.AccordingtoXinhua,thisancientmartialartispracticedbyover100millionpeoplein

morethan150countries.ItwasrecentlyaddedtoUNESCO'sIntangibleCulturalHeritageList俳

物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄）.

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OnethingthatmakesTaiChipopularisitshealthbenefits.Asyoumove,youbreathedeeply

andnaturally,focusingyourattention,justasinsomekindsofmeditation（冥想），onyourbody.

Thishelpsyourelaxandfindpeaceinyourheart.

AccordingtoHarvardHealth,TaiChiissuitableforalmostanyone.Thisisbecauseits

movementsareneverforced一themusclesarerelaxedratherthantensed,andthejoints（關(guān)節(jié)）are

neverfullybent（彎曲的）.Itisallgainandnopain.

WhatmakesTaiChievenmoreinterestingmightbethephilosophical（哲學(xué)的）ideasbehindit.

Theterm“TaiChi“comesfromTaoism,whichstatesthatinaction（無為）,asopposedtoaction,is

thesolutiontoproblems.That5swhyTaiChimovementsareslowandsoft.Itisnotusedtofight

anenemy——itisusedtoprotectyourself.Thatdoesn'tmeanitisweakthough.Theprinciple（原

貝U）ofTaiChiistousesoftnesstobeathardness.

TaiChialsofocusesonharmonybetweenyinandyang.Forexample,ifyouworktoohard

andfeeltired,youhavetoomuch6iyang,\Soit'stimeforyoutocalmdownandgetmore"y譏

Thisideaofkeepingahealthybalancecanbeappliedtoalmosteverythinginlife.ItmakesTai

Chifarmorethanjustanothermartialart.

2__________

,Manyforeignerslearn

Thereasonforits

TaiChiinChina.

,Itis|）rHctif'<*（lbyoverpopularity

100millionpeopleinMak?people3.

TaiChiisa1.morethan150countries.and3..

ofChinesecultureand,ItwaarecentlyaddedloKrrpourmin<lcaltnand

isbecomingmoreandUNESCOsInlangihlemakeourenergymore

morepopular.CulturalHerilageLisi.concentrated.

TheruleofTaiChiisItfocusesonharmonybelween

touse4.toyinandyangandteachespeople

b<*athanlri€*ss.t<?kt'rpahitallhy5..

外文素材改編自GREATWRITING

第8頁共20頁

入鄉(xiāng)隨俗

Tastinginternationalfoodindifferentcountriesisoneofthegreatestthingsoftraveling.But

asavisitortoanewcountry,youmayworrythatyoudon'tknowtablemannerswhenyoueatout.

Let'slookatcommonrestaurantcustomsinthefollowingcountries,whichwillbehelpfultoyou.

France

InFrance,it'simportanttobeontimeforyourrestaurantbooking.Callthewaiterpolitely:

nevershoutloudlytogethisorherattention,anduse“please“ineverysentence.Youshould

orderyourownmaindish,asit'sconsideredimpolitetoshareonedishwithothers.

Italy

AtanItalianrestaurant,awaiterwillseatyou.It'sfinetosharefood,butdon'tmakeany

specialrequirementswhenorderingadish,likeaskingtoaddnosugar.However,ifyouhappento

haveanydietaryrestrictions（飲食限制），youcantellthem.Theyaresuretomakeyousatisfied

aboutyourmeals.Trytofinishallyourfoodanddonotasktotakeleftovers（乘U余物）home.So

you'dbetteravoidorderingtoomuchfoodatatime.

Thailand

Ataformal（正式的）meal,it'scertainthatyou'llbetoldwheretosit.Getyourwaiters5

attentionbywavingyourhand.LikeItalianrestaurants,sharingfoodisperfectlygreat.Ifyou're

withagroup,theelderwomenusuallyorderdishesforthetable.

Whenyougotothesecountries,keepinmindthisknowledge.Thenyourtripwillbefullof

deliciousfoodandgoodtablemanners.

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France:Beontimeforyourrestaurantbooking.Itis2.toshouttothewaitersandshare

dishes.

Italy:Awaiterwillseatyou.Youcanshaiefood,butavoidmakingspecialrequiiements.

Ifyouhavedietaiyrestiictions,theywill3..

Thailand:Youwillbetoldwheretositat4..Youcan5.to

askfbrservice.Theelderwomenwillordertliedishesifyoueatwitliagroup.

Conclusion

Yourtripwillbefiillofdeliciousfoodandgoodtablemannersifyou

makefiilluseofthesetips.

話題五觀點(diǎn)建議

Passage8

收卜文素材改編自Reader'sDigest

凡人之性成于習(xí)

Didyoufailanexambecauseyouplayedvideo-gamesanddidnotgetreadyforit?Didyou

eaticecreamwhenyoutrytoloseweight?Asyousee,abadhabitisnotsimplyaboutsmokingor

drinking.Itisaboutallactionsbringingbadresults.Ifyourealizethebadinfluences,startgetting

ridofthebadhabitsnow.

Makeitclearwhyyouhavebadhabits.Itisafactthatyoucan'ttrulybreakbadhabitsunless

youknowwhatmakesyoudoit.Findoutunderwhatconditionsyoustartovereatingordrinkinga

lot.Whenyourealizewhatforcesyoutodotheseactions,takepainstopreventit.

Makeyourgoalvisualized（使形象化的）.Forexample,ifyouwanttobethinandhealthy,

useasoftwareformodifying（修飾）thepicturetocreateaperfectphotoofyourself,whichmay

encourageyoutoinsist.Everytimeyouwanttoeatacake,lookatthepictureandyouwillgiveit

up.

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Itishelpfultoreplaceahabitwithabetterone.Forexample,ifyoudrinksodaallthetime,

replaceitwithwater.Itwillbeagreatwaytohelpyoubreakbadhabits.Meanwhile,itcanalso

helpyoufindanewfieldthatyoumaylove.

Donotfightagainstbadhabitsalone.Itissoeasytosmokewhennobodyknowsaboutyour

decisiontogiveupandnobodysupportsyou.Youcanaskyourfriendstowatchyourprogress.

Forexample,ifyoufail,youhavetopaythemormeettheirwishes.Itwillhelpyougetridofbad

habits.

Makeitclearwhyyouhavebadhabits

Yonwon'ttrulygiveupyourbadhabitsunlilyouknowthereasonwhy

youkeepthem.Thenyoushouldmakeeffortstofindoutwhal2.

yourbadactions.

——Visualizeyourgoal----------------------------------

HowtoBreak

BadHabitsEorexample,ifyousetagoaltokeepfit,theperfectpictureof

Badhabitsalwaysyourselfwillgiveyoucouragetosticktowhatyouaredoing.

bring1.,

soyoushouldlearn3.ofoldhabitwithabetterone----------------------------------

howtobreakthem.

Havingabetterhahitnotonlyishelpfulingivingupabadone,hut

\)alsodevelopinga4..

-Donotfightagainstbadhabitsalone----------------------------------

Havingsomebodywatchyourprogressmakesiteasierforyoutobe

5.inbreakingabadhabit.

Passage9

外文素材改編自THiNK

Askanadult,“Whatdoteenagersdointheirfreetime?”Mostadults5answerswillprobably

includeplayingvideogames,watchingmoviesorTVandhangingoutwithfriends.Theyprobably

won'tincludereading.

Mostoftheseanswersarewrong.FewerteenagerswatchTVormoviesthesedays.They

evenhangoutwithfriendslessoftenthanbefore.Usuallywhentheyareplayingtheirmobile

phonesorwatchingsomewebsitesontheInternet,parentsoftenthinktheyareplayinggamesor

chattingwiththeirfriends.Butinfact,theyarereadinginthewaytheylike.Theydon'treadoften.

Theyreadallthetime.Eventheyreadmoreoftenthantheirparentsdid.Andtheyaren'tonly

readingbooks.

Teenagersreade-mailsandmessages.Theyreadarticlesonwebsitesandpostsonsocial

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media（媒體）.Theygetalotofreadingpractice.Parentsareafraidofthatit'snottherightkindof

readingpractice,though.Theybelievethatbooksarebetter.

Anykindofreadingisgoodforteenagers.Ithelpsthemdevelopskillsthattheywillneed

later.Theirmemorieswillbecomestrongerandtheirvocabularieswillincrease.Online,theycan

searchformanydifferentthingstoread.Theycanfindthelatestinformationfast.

However,booksarestillbetter.Theyareeasiertofocus（集中）on.Teenagersunderstandand

remembermorefromthem.Also,readingbookshelpsteenagersavoidsocialmedia.Usingsocial

mediatoomuchcausesstressanddepression（沮喪）.

Parentscanhelptheirkidsreadbooksmoreoften.First,theyshouldputthebooksinthe

placesthatcanbeeasilyseenandgottenaroundthehouse.Then,theyshouldreadtotheirkidsor

givethemtimetoread.Finally,theyshouldreadbooksofthemselves.Kidswilllearnthehabits

whattheysee.

Read!Read!Read!

ConmxmopiniotK

Writeropinions

■Mgadult*thinkllMtcauiper%1._______otherkiiuhoffreehme

■Readingngood3.______kmdti?.

activitiesioreodmgtbetedays.

■Readingba*apositiveinfhKace<x>unyMpccts（“血）like

■hi$believedthatteena^enareu$insthemiMiilephcaiesforftuionce

skilk.mcniorKsandvoc^Miliinct

theypickupthepboiK

■Bookscmdraw4______aodmake〔bin齡cauatoundenundandloon

Facts

■Teawaenneverstopreading.Suggettioa^

■Tcenas^rsnotonlyreadbocks,butalsoeHiuuh.ukcsuig部andon.■Makethebooksivcdibkmthebouse

■Providecuouglituueforthekuhiotcad.

■5.______forthektthto

Parents'2._______

■Pnrcntsdoubtwhuborsomereadingactions?uchasrendingonwebsites

andpos"?enplitornot

話題六生活百科

Passage10

Withoutthesun,nolivingthingscanliveontheEarth,includinghumans.Thesunmakes

plantsgrowandproducefood.Atthesametime,itcanhelpyourbodygetvitaminD,which

makesyoustronger,especiallygoodforyourbones.However,afterspendinglonghoursinthe

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sun,youmayfeeltired.Then,whydoesthislifegivingstaralsomakeyoufeeltired?

Thereareafewreasonstoexplainthisthing.Thefirstoneisthatyourbodydoesnotwantto

heatup,soithastousealotofenergytocoolitselfdownandremainitscommontemperature

37℃.Ifyoufeeltootiredinthesun,it'sasignthatitistimeforyoutotakeabreakandcool

down.

Ontheotherhand,thesecondreasonisshortofwater.Whenyoustayunderthesunforsome

time,youwillsweat（出汗）alot,andyourbodywilllosemuchwater.Asaresult,yourblood

becomesthicker,whichmakesitharderforyourhearttosendblood.AnditmeansthatlessO2

willbesenttoyourbody.Ifyourbodydoesn'thavemuchO2inside,youwillfeelevenmoretired.

Thisisalsowhypeopleshoulddrinkwaterafterdoingsports.

Next,thethirdreasonissunburn,whichisyourskin'sreaction（反應(yīng)）totheUV（紫外線）in

sunlight.Asaformofprotection,yourskinturnsred,butthisisalsotiringforyourbody.

Asyoucansee,thesunisnotonlyyourenemybutalsoyourfriend.Warmingraysaregood

foryou,buttirednessisyourbody'swayoftellingyouthatithasenoughsunlightintheday.So

youshouldhaveagoodrest.

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Doyouknowthesunverywell?

1.______

★Allthelivingthingsdependonthesun.

★Human'sbodygetvitaminDfiomthestui

Disadvantage

Tliesunleadstohuinan's2.

Reasons

★Tliesunheatsuphunian'sbody,butittakesmucli3.

tocooldownwliichmakeshumantired.

★Tliesunmakeshumanshortofwatei,bysweating.

wliichcausesthe4.ofO:inthebodysohumanfeeltired.

★Thestm5.human'sskin,anditturnsredto

protectitselfwliichistilingforthebody.

答案詳解詳析

Passage1

【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。11000年