2024年上海高三英語高考一模卷試題分類匯編 詞匯填空含詳解

專題02詞匯填空

(-)

(2024年楊浦區(qū)區(qū)一模)

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereis

onewordmorethanyouneed.

A.normallyB.boostC.sustainD.gainsE.assessingF.substantially

G.effortsH.mixedI.surprisingJ.anticipateK.assigned

YourSocial-MediaDetoxes(脫癮治療)ProbablyAren'tHelpingYou

We'veallheardthesupposedbenefitsofunpluggingfromdigitaldevices,evenfor24hours.Suchbreaksaresaidto

(31)self-confidence,reducesocialcompetitivenessandfearsofmissingout,andmakeroomformore-enriching,

in-personinteractions.Yetstudiesexploringthoseeffectshaveproduced(32)results.Soaglobalresearchteam

setouttosystematicallytesttheideathatsocialmediadetoxingdeliversmeaningfulpsychological(33).

Theresearchersrecruited600undergraduatestudentsinthreeplaces:theUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,and

HongKong.Allparticipantswererandomly(34)tokeepawayfromsocialmediaoneitherthefirstorthe

seconddayofatwo-dayexperiment.Ontheotherday,theyweretointeractwithdigitalplatformsasthey(35)

would.Eacheveningtheyansweredsurveyquestionsaimedat(36)variousaspectsofwell-being.Contrarytothe

researchers5expectations,theone-daydetoxmadenonoticeableimpactonpositiveornegativeemotions,self-confidence,

ordailysatisfaction.Whenitdidhaveaneffect,itdecreaseddailysatisfactionandsocialrelatedness,althoughthechanges

werenotsignificantoncetheanalysiswasadjustedtocontrolforgender.Justas(37),peopledidn'tusethetime

freedupfromlookingatscreensforotherformsofsocializing.Infact,theyreported(38)lowerlevelsof

face-to-face,phone,andemailinteractionsontheirdetoxingdays.

Evenshortsocial-mediabreakscanbehardto(39)一indeed,onlyhalftheparticipantsintheexperimentdid

whatwasrequiredandtheseresultssuggestthattheymaynotbeworththe(40)."Wedidnotfindanyevidence

thatsocialmediadetoxingforonedayhadsignificantpositiveimpactsonpsychologicalwell-being,theresearcherswrite.

（二）

（2024年黃浦區(qū)一模）

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.airflowsB.blockC.challengesD.coolE.criticallyF.disproportionately

G.principlesH.reducesI.sensitiveJ.site-specificK.stretches

Skywell

Askywell,or“tianjin”,asitiscommonlycalled,isatypicalfeatureofa

homeinsouthernandeasternChina.Skywellsweredesignedtoreduce

temperatureinbuildingswellbeforeair-conditioningexisted.Whenwind

aboveaskywellhouse,itcanentertheindoorspacethroughtheopening,

outdoorairisoftencoolerthanindoorair,theincomingwindtravelsdownthe

thelowerstoriesandcreates_31—byreplacingwarmerindoorair,whichrisesandleavesthroughtheopening.

Themainpurposeofaskywellistoallowinlight,improve力（通風(fēng)）andharvestrainwater.InHuizhou,a

skywellissmallbuttall,andtheroomsaroundit_32—outsunlightonhotdays,enablingthebottomoftheskywellto

staycool.Meanwhile,hotairinsidethehousecanriseandescapethroughtheopeningabovetheskywell.

Architectsarenowlookingtowardsthe_33—behindskywellswhiledesigning

newbuildingstosaveenergy.OneexampleistheNationalHeavyVehicleEngineering

TechnologyResearchCentreintheeasternChinesecityofJinan.The18-storey

glass-walledtowerblockhasagiantinnerskywellinthemiddle,which_34—fromthe

fifthtothetopfloor.Theelevators,toiletsandmeetingroomsareallsituatedaroundthischannel,whichhelpsimprovethe

lightingandventilationand_35—theoverallenergyconsumption.

Ancient“greenwisdom^^suchasskywellscontinuetoinspiretoday'sclimateadaptivedesignandinnovationsin

methodsthatdependondesignandtechnologyto_36—abuildingwithouttheuseofpower.

However,therearesome_37—forbringingskywellsintomoderndesigns.Themechanismsofcourtyardsfacilitating

naturallighting,ventilationandraincollectionarewellknown,butapplyingthesemethodsneedstobe_38—.Because

traditionalskywellshaddifferentshapes,sizesandfeatures,whichwere_39—dependentontheirnaturalsurroundings,

addingskywellsintomodembuildingsrequiresdesignerstobe_40_totheirproject9scontextandsituation,makingit

difficulttoapplythemasauniversalsolution.

（三）

（2024年長寧區(qū)一模）

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereis

onewordmorethanyouneed.

A.attractionB.waitingC.mysteryD.uniqueE.simplyF.originally

G.stableH.popularityI.donatingJ.searchingK.interfere

There'sararely-visited,dustycomeroftheworldwheresomethingmagicalhappens.Theplace,whichlookslikeMars

withitsredrocklandscape,istheTatacoaDesert,inColombia.

TatacoaislocatedintheregionofHuila,southofthecountry'scapitalBogota.AlthoughTatacoa,withitsprotruding

cactiandredrippledrocks,iscalledadesert,itisinfactadrytropicalforest.Buttheexciting,andvery(31),

featureofthisdesert,iswhathappensaboveit,atnight.

Thankstoitsremotelocation—it'salmost30milesandanhour'sdriveoverbumpywindingroadstothenearesttown-

Tatacoahasnolightpollutionto(32)withthenightsky.

Upto88constellations(星座)arevisibleonaclearnight,aswellasbothhemispheres-somethingthathappens

nowhereelseintheworld.

Thewarmanddryclimatehelpswithstargazing;a(33)atmosphere,whichhappensindryspotsorplacesof

highelevation,decreasessomethingcalledscintillation,whichiswhenastar'slightrisesandfallsrapidly.Ifswhystars

twinkle,whichlooksbeautifulbutisn'tsogreatforastronomers.

NotonlyisTatacoaanaturalwonder,buttheDIYobservatorythafsrunbyaColombianmannamedJavierFernanda

RuaRestrepohasbecomeastar(34)too.Infact,thishumblebuildingattractsstargazersfromallovertheworld,

fromChinatoIcelandtoAustralia.AndRestrepohasalsobecomewell-knowninastronomercircles,withafewscientists

(35)theirowntelescopestosupportthegrassrootsobservatory.

TheColombian,whois(36)fromCali,fellinlovewiththestarsthankstohisfather^interestinastronomy

andscience,andfirstvisitedTatacoain1997,totrytoseetheCometHale-Bopp.Hestayedforacoupleofdaysbefore

headingbacktohishometown.Butwithinamonth,hereturnedtoTatacoa-andneverleft,campingoutforweeksonend

(37)forthenighttocomesothathecouldwatchthestars.

AtfirstRestrepohadworkedattheColombiangovernment'sobservatory,whichhehelpedstafffor15years.Butafter

budgetcutsmeanthelosthisjob,hefiguredhewould(38)buildhisown.

In2015,Restrepoopenedthedoorstohisobservatory-TatacoaAstronomia-withjustonetelescope.Now,asColombia

hasgrownin(39)asatouristdestination,hundredsflocktoRestrepo'sstarparty,whichheholdsonceayearin

July.

TatacoaAstronomiaisonlyopenonstarrynights,andRestreporemainsthesoleemployee.Butthatdoesn'tdistract

fromtheintimacyandthespecialnessoftheplace.ThestructuresitsonasmallpatchoflandthatRestrepoboughthimself,

andiscordoned(隔離)offbytarpaulin(油布)toaddanextrasenseof(40)andintrigue(陰謀)forvisitors.

“Thestars...theyputmylifeintoitstinyperspective,9,hesays,"andtheyconstantlyremindmetherearegreater

thingsoutthere.9,

（四）

（2024年徐匯區(qū)一模）

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisone

wordmorethanyouneed.

A.attractionB.waitingC.mysteryD.uniqueE.simplyF.originally

G.stableH.popularityI.donatingJ.searchingK.interfere

There'sararely-visited,dustycomeroftheworldwheresomethingmagicalhappens.Theplace,whichlookslikeMars

withitsredrocklandscape,istheTatacoaDesert,inColombia.

TatacoaislocatedintheregionofHuila,southofthecountry'scapitalBogota.AlthoughTatacoa,withitsprotruding

cactiandredrippledrocks,iscalledadesert,itisinfactadrytropicalforest.Buttheexciting,andvery___31___,featureof

thisdesert,iswhathappensaboveit,atnight.

Thankstoitsremotelocation-it5salmost30milesandanhour'sdriveoverbumpywindingroadstothenearesttown-

Tatacoahasnolightpollutionto___32___withthenightsky.

Upto88constellations（星座）arevisibleonaclearnight,aswellasbothhemispheres-somethingthathappens

nowhereelseintheworld.

Thewarmanddryclimatehelpswithstargazing;a___33___atmosphere,whichhappensindryspotsorplacesofhigh

elevation,decreasessomethingcalledscintillation,whichiswhenastar'slightrisesandfallsrapidly.Ifswhystarstwinkle,

whichlooksbeautifulbutisn'tsogreatforastronomers.

NotonlyisTatacoaanaturalwonder,buttheDIYobservatorythafsrunbyaColombianmannamedJavierFernanda

RuaRestrepohasbecomeastar___34___too.Infact,thishumblebuildingattractsstargazersfromallovertheworld,from

ChinatoIcelandtoAustralia.AndRestrepohasalsobecomewell-knowninastronomercircles,withafewscientists

___35___theirowntelescopestosupportthegrassrootsobservatory.

TheColombian,whois___36___fromCali,fellinlovewiththestarsthankstohisfather^interestinastronomyand

science,andfirstvisitedTatacoain1997,totrytoseetheCometHale-Bopp.Hestayedforacoupleofdaysbeforeheading

backtohishometown.Butwithinamonth,hereturnedtoTatacoa-andneverleft,campingoutforweeksonend___37___for

thenighttocomesothathecouldwatchthestars.

AtfirstRestrepohadworkedattheColombiangovemmenfsobservatory,whichhehelpedstafffor15years.Butafter

budgetcutsmeanthelosthisjob,hefiguredhewould___38___buildhisown.

In2015,Restrepoopenedthedoorstohisobservatory-TatacoaAstronomia-withjustonetelescope.Now,asColombia

hasgrownin___39___asatouristdestination,hundredsflocktoRestrepo,sstarparty,whichheholdsonceayearinJuly.

TatacoaAstronomiaisonlyopenonstarrynights,andRestreporemainsthesoleemployee.Butthatdoesn'tdistractfrom

theintimacyandthespecialnessoftheplace.ThestructuresitsonasmallpatchoflandthatRestrepoboughthimself,andis

cordoned（隔離）offbytarpaulin（油布）toaddanextrasenseof40andintrigue（陰謀）forvisitors.

“Thestars...theyputmylifeintoitstinyperspective,,,hesays,“andtheyconstantlyremindmetherearegreaterthings

outthere.^^

（五）

（2024年閔行區(qū)一模）

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthere

isonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.mineB.criteriaC.catalogedD.candidateE.delay

F.anticipatingG.comprisedH.perceivingI.initiativeJ.compoundsK.unfavorable

WhatLiesBeneath

“Earth“hasalwaysbeenanoddchoiceofnameforthethirdplanetfromtheSun.Afterall,analien（夕卜星人）examining

itthroughatelescopewouldnotethattwo-thirdsofitssurfaceis___11___notoflandbutofoceansofwater.Marine

biologiststhinktheoceansmighthostmorethan2,000,000speciesofmarineanimals,ofwhichtheyhavesofar___12___

perhapsatenth.

Anew___13___hopestochangethis.SmoothlylaunchedinLondononApril27th,OceanCensus（海洋普查）aimsto

discover100,000newspeciesofmarineanimaloverthecomingdecade.

Theattemptishappeningnowfortworeasons.Oneisthatthelongerscientists___14___,thefewertherewillbeto

document.Climatechangeisheatingtheoceans,aswellasmakingthemmoreacidicascarbondioxideisabsorbedintothe

water.

Thesecondoneistechnological.Marinebiologistsdiscoverabout2,000newspeciesayear,aratehardlychangedsince

Darwin'sday.OceanCensusis___15___itcangofaster."Cybertaxonomy（網(wǎng)絡(luò)分類學(xué)）“，forinstance,involvesfeeding

animalDNAinformationintocomputers,whichcanquicklydecidewhetheritmeetsthe___16___foranewspecies.

Exactlywhattheneweffortmightturnup,ofcourse,isimpossibletoforecast.Buthistorysuggestsitwillbefruitful.

Halfacenturyagoscientistsdetectedhotopeningsontheseabedthatwerehometoorganismslivinghappilyinconditions

that,untilthen,hadbeenthought___17___tolife.Thesedays,suchopeningsareonecredible___18___fortheoriginofall

lifeonEarth.

Morepracticalbenefitscan'tbeignored.Manydrugs,forexample,comeoriginallyfrombiological___19___.Anocean

fullofunrecordedlifewillalmostcertainlyprovearichseam（礦層）fromwhichto___20___more.

Tohelpmakeuseofitsdata,OceanCensusplanstomakeitattainabletoscientistsandthepublicwithoutcharge,who

willbeabletosearchitforanythingvaluableorunexpected.

（六）

（2024年虹口區(qū)一模）

Directions:Fillineatblankwithaproperwordchosenformthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisone

wordmorethanyouneed.

A.arrivesB.observableC.boundless.D.contained.E.distancing.F.expansion

G.liesH.parallelI.perceivingJ.threadsK.volume

WhatComesAfterSpace?

Lookingataclearnightskyyouwitnessthevastnessofspace,whichholdseverythinghumansknowtoexist.Tofindout

what___11___beyondagoodplacetostartistodeterminewheretheuniverseends.However,theproblemisthatscientistare

uncertainaboutwherespaceendsorwhetheritendsatall.

The___12___universe

Thefurthesthumanscanseeoutintospace,usingallthetechnologycurrentlyavailabletous,is46billionlightyears

(alightyearisthedistancethatlightcantravelinoneyear,andisequivalenttoabout9.5millionmillionkilometres).The

___13___ofspacethathumanscanseeiscalledthevisibleuniverse.Beyondthis,itremainsamysterywhetherifsan

expanseofmoregalaxiesandstarsorpossiblytheedgeoftheuniverse.Somethinkthattheuniverseis___14___,meaning

spacegoesonforeverineverydirection.Inthiscase,thereisnothingafterspace,becausespaceiseverything.

Movingfurtheraway

ExpertshavecapturedimagesoftheentireEarthfromspace,andsomeastronautshavepersonallywitnesseditsbeauty

fromorbit.Perhaps___15___thelimitsoftheuniversewouldalsobepossibletoo,ifonlyhumansknewwheretogotolook

forit.

Anotherchallengeistheuniverse'srapid___16___.Asgalaxiesmovefurtherawaytheirlighttakeslongertoreachus.

Eventually,somegalaxiesmaybesodistantthattheirlightnever___17___.Thismightimplythatanyedge-andwhatever

isontheotherside-isincreasingly___18___itselffromus.Regardlessoftheseuncertainties,scientistsstillspendalotof

timethinkingaboutwhatcomesafterspace.

Manyuniverses?

It'spossiblethatthereisn,tjustoneuniverse,andthatouruniverseisjustonesmallpartofa“multiverse”.Perhapsour

universeis___19___withinitsowndistinctregionofspace,separatedfromothersbyvastexpansesofnothingness.Or

maybe20universesexistpressedtightlyagainsteachother.Gettinganideaoftheuniverse'strueshapemayhelp

astronomersfindoutwhetherithasanedge.Whatcomesafterthatcouldbeanevengreatmystery.

專題02詞匯填空

(-)

(2024年楊浦區(qū)區(qū)一模)

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereis

onewordmorethanyouneed.

B.normallyB.boostC.sustainD.gainsE.assessingF.substantially

G.effortsH.mixedI.surprisingJ.anticipateK.assigned

YourSocial-MediaDetoxes(脫癮治療)ProbablyAren'tHelpingYou

We'veallheardthesupposedbenefitsofunpluggingfromdigitaldevices,evenfbr24hours.Suchbreaksaresaidto

(31)self-confidence,reducesocialcompetitivenessandfearsofmissingout,andmakeroomformore-enriching,

in-personinteractions.Yetstudiesexploringthoseeffectshaveproduced(32)results.Soaglobalresearchteam

setouttosystematicallytesttheideathatsocialmediadetoxingdeliversmeaningfulpsychological(33).

Theresearchersrecruited600undergraduatestudentsinthreeplaces:theUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,and

HongKong.Allparticipantswererandomly(34)tokeepawayfromsocialmediaoneitherthefirstorthe

seconddayofatwo-dayexperiment.Ontheotherday,theyweretointeractwithdigitalplatformsasthey(35)

would.Eacheveningtheyansweredsurveyquestionsaimedat(36)variousaspectsofwell-being.Contrarytothe

researchers5expectations,theone-daydetoxmadenonoticeableimpactonpositiveornegativeemotions,self-confidence,

ordailysatisfaction.Whenitdidhaveaneffect,itdecreaseddailysatisfactionandsocialrelatedness,althoughthechanges

werenotsignificantoncetheanalysiswasadjustedtocontrolforgender.Justas(37),peopledidn'tusethetime

freedupfromlookingatscreensforotherformsofsocializing.Infact,theyreported(38)lowerlevelsof

face-to-face,phone,andemailinteractionsontheirdetoxingdays.

Evenshortsocial-mediabreakscanbehardto(39)一indeed,onlyhalftheparticipantsintheexperimentdid

whatwasrequiredandtheseresultssuggestthattheymaynotbeworththe(40)."Wedidnotfindanyevidence

thatsocialmediadetoxingforonedayhadsignificantpositiveimpactsonpsychologicalwell-being,theresearcherswrite.

【答案】31-35BHDKA36-40EIFCG

【導(dǎo)讀】這篇文章討論了社交媒體戒斷對心理健康的影響。研究人員招募了600名大學(xué)生參與兩天的實驗，其中一

天要求戒斷社交媒體。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是短暫的社交媒體戒斷也很難堅持，并且并沒有明顯的積極影響。接下來我

們來看一下這些答案。

【解析】

31.boost(B)：根據(jù)原文該空缺位置在句子"We'veallheardthesupposedbenefitsofunpluggingfromdigitaldevices,

evenfor24hours.Suchbreaksaresaidto(31)self-confidence..."句子意思是“我們都聽說過斷開數(shù)字

設(shè)備，即使只有24小時，也有所謂的好處。據(jù)說這樣的休息可以提高自信心…”，因此，使用boost可以填入

該空白，表示提高。

32.mixed(H)：根據(jù)原文該空缺位置在句子"Yetstudiesexploringthoseeffectshaveproduced(32)results.',

句子意思是“然而，探索這些影響的研究產(chǎn)生了混合結(jié)果?！币虼耍褂胢ixed可以填入該空白，表示混合的。

33.gains(D)：根據(jù)原文該空缺位置在句子”…systematicallytesttheideathatsocialmediadetoxingdeliversmeaningful

psychological(33)句子意思是“系統(tǒng)地測試社交媒體戒斷是否能給人們帶來有意義的心理收益?！?/p>

因此，使用gains可以填入該空白，表不收益。

34.assigned(K)：根據(jù)原文該空缺位置在句子"Allparticipantswererandomly(34)tokeepawayfromsocial

media..."句子意思是“所有參與者被隨機(jī)分配以遠(yuǎn)離社交媒體…”，因此，使用assigned可以填入該空白，表示

分配。

35.normally(A)：根據(jù)原文該空缺位置在句子"...theyweretointeractwithdigitalplatformsasthey(35)

would/,句子意思是“他們應(yīng)該像平常一樣與數(shù)字平臺進(jìn)行互動?！币虼?，使用normally可以填入該空白，表示

通常地。

36.assessing(E)：根據(jù)原文該空缺位置在句子“Eacheveningtheyansweredsurveyquestionsaimedat(36)

variousaspectsofwell-being."句子意思是“每天晚上，他們回答針對評估幸福感各個方面的調(diào)查問題?！币虼?，

使用assessing可以填入該空白,表示評估。

37.anticipated(I)：根據(jù)原文該空缺位置在句子"Justas(37),peopledidn'tusethetimefreedupfrom

lookingatscreensforotherformsofsocializing.n句子意思是“正如預(yù)期的那樣，人們沒有利用從屏幕上解放出來

的時間進(jìn)行其他形式的社交活動?！币虼?，使用anticipated可以填入該空白，表示預(yù)期的。

38.lower(F)：根據(jù)原文該空缺位置在句子"Infact,theyreported(38)lowerlevelsofface-to-face,phone,and

emailinteractionsontheirdetoxingdays."句子意思是“事實上，他們報告稱，在戒斷社交媒體的日子里，面對面、

電話和郵件交流的水平較低。''因此，使用lower可以填入該空白，表示更低的。

39.sustain(C)：根據(jù)原文該空缺位置在句子"Evenshortsocial-mediabreakscanbehardto(39)..."句子意思

是“即使是短暫的社交媒體休息也很難堅持…”，因此，使用sustain可以填入該空白，表示維持。

40.efforts(G)：根據(jù)原文該空缺位置在句子"...theymaynotbeworththe(40)句子意思是“他們可能不值

得努力?！币虼?，使用efforts可以填入該空白，表示努力。

(二)

(2024年黃浦區(qū)一模)

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.airflowsB.blockC.challengesD.coolE.criticallyF.disproportionately

G.principlesH.reducesI.sensitiveJ.site-specificK.stretches

Skywell

Askywell,or“tianjin”,asitiscommonlycalled,isatypicalfeatureofatraditional

homeinsouthernandeasternChina.Skywellsweredesignedtoreduce

temperatureinbuildingswellbeforeair-conditioningexisted.Whenwindblows

aboveaskywellhouse,itcanentertheindoorspacethroughtheopening,Because

outdoorairisoftencoolerthanindoorair,theincomingwindtravelsdownthewallsto

thelowerstoriesandcreates_31—byreplacingwarmerindoorair,whichrisesandleavesthroughtheopening.

Themainpurposeofaskywellistoallowinlight,improve力（通風(fēng)）andharvestrainwater.InHuizhou,a

skywellissmallbuttall,andtheroomsaroundit_32—outsunlightonhotdays,enablingthebottomoftheskywellto

staycool.Meanwhile,hotairinsidethehousecanriseandescapethroughtheopeningabovetheskywell.

Architectsarenowlookingtowardsthe_33—behindskywellswhiledesigning

newbuildingstosaveenergy.OneexampleistheNationalHeavyVehicleEngineering

TechnologyResearchCentreintheeasternChinesecityofJinan.The18-storey

glass-walledtowerblockhasagiantinnerskywellinthemiddle,which_34—fromthe

fifthtothetopfloor.Theelevators,toiletsandmeetingroomsareallsituatedaroundthischannel,whichhelpsimprovethe

lightingandventilationand_35—theoverallenergyconsumption.

Ancient“greenwisdom^^suchasskywellscontinuetoinspiretoday'sclimateadaptivedesignandinnovationsin

methodsthatdependondesignandtechnologyto_36—abuildingwithouttheuseofpower.

However,therearesome_37—forbringingskywellsintomodemdesigns.Themechanismsofcourtyardsfacilitating

naturallighting,ventilationandraincollectionarewellknown,butapplyingthesemethodsneedstobe_38—.Because

traditionalskywellshaddifferentshapes,sizesandfeatures,whichwere_39—dependentontheirnaturalsurroundings,

addingskywellsintomodembuildingsrequiresdesignerstobe_40_totheirproject9scontextandsituation,makingit

difficulttoapplythemasauniversalsolution.

【答案】31.A32.B33.G34.K35.H36.D37.C38.J39..E40.1

【答案】31-35ABGKH36-40DCJEI

【解析】

【導(dǎo)讀】本文介紹了中國南方和東部地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)住宅的一個特點——天井。天井通過自然通風(fēng)降溫的方式，使室內(nèi)保

持涼爽，并且可以收集雨水。現(xiàn)代建筑師也在借鑒這種天井的設(shè)計理念，來節(jié)能減排。不過，由于傳統(tǒng)天井形狀、

大小和特征的差異，將其應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)代建筑需要考慮到項目的上下文和情況。

31.A.airflows（空氣流動）：根據(jù)句子中“outdoorairisoftencoolerthanindoorair,theincomingwindtravelsdownthe

wallstothelowerstoriesandcreates”可知，天井的主要作用之一是通過通風(fēng)讓室內(nèi)保持涼爽，并且室內(nèi)空氣的流

動是通過風(fēng)的流動實現(xiàn)的，因此空氣流動是正確的答案。

32.B.shade（遮陽）：根據(jù)句子中“theroomsarounditblocksunlightonhotdays,enablingthebottomoftheskywellto

staycool”可知，天井周圍的房間會擋住陽光，因此這些房間需要高高的建造，從而讓天井的底部保持涼爽，符

合“shade”的含義。

33.G.principles（設(shè)計理念）：根據(jù)句子中“Architectsarenowlookingtowardsthedesignconceptsbehindskywellswhile

designingnewbuildingstosaveenergy”可知，建筑師們在設(shè)計新建筑時，借鑒了傳統(tǒng)天井的設(shè)計理念，因此“design

concepts”是正確答案。

34.K.stretches（延伸）：根據(jù)句子中“The18-storeyglass-walledtowerblockhasagiantinnerskywellinthemiddle,

whichextendsfromthefifthtothetopfloor”可知，這個塔樓內(nèi)的天井從第五層一直延伸到頂層，因此"extends”是

正確答案。

35.H.reduces（減少）：根據(jù)句子中“Theelevators,toiletsandmeetingroomsareallsituatedaroundthischannel,which

helpsimprovethelightingandventilationanddecreasestheoverallenergyconsumption”可知,塔樓內(nèi)的天井可以提

高采光和通風(fēng)，并且降低能源消耗，因此“decreases”是正確答案。

36.D.cool（降溫）：根據(jù)句子中“Ancient"greenwisdom5suchasskywellscontinuetoinspiretoday?sclimateadaptive

designandinnovationsinmethodsthatdependondesignandtechnologytocoolabuildingwithouttheuseofpower^^

可知，天井等自然通風(fēng)降溫的方法可以節(jié)省能源，因此“cool”是正確答案。

37.C.challenges（挑戰(zhàn)）：根據(jù)句子中“However,therearesomeobstaclesforbringingskywellsintomodemdesigns”可

知，將傳統(tǒng)天井引入現(xiàn)代建筑也存在一些挑戰(zhàn)，因此"challenges”是正確答案。

38.J.site-specific（位置特定情況）：根據(jù)句子中“Becausetraditionalskywellshaddifferentshapes,sizesand

features...addingskywellsintomodernbuildingsrequiresdesignerstobecontext-specifictotheirproject5scontextand

situation”可知，將傳統(tǒng)天井引入現(xiàn)代建筑需要考慮到項目的特定情況，因此“site-specific”是正確答案。

39.E.critically（嚴(yán)格）：木艮據(jù)句子中“Becausetraditionalskywellshaddifferentshapes,sizesandfeatures,whichwere

location-dependentontheirnaturalsurroundings”可知，傳統(tǒng)天井的形狀、大小和特征取決于周圍的自然環(huán)境，因

此需要嚴(yán)格考慮，符合“critically”的含義。

40.I.sensitive（敏感）：根據(jù)句子中“addingskywellsintomodernbuildingsrequiresdesignerstobeattentivetotheir

project'scontextandsituation”可知，將傳統(tǒng)天井引入現(xiàn)代建筑需要設(shè)計師對項目的上下文和情況敏感，因此

“sensitive”是正確答案。

（三）

（2024年長寧區(qū)一模）

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