上海市閔行區(qū)七寶中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期10月月考英語(yǔ)試題

20202021學(xué)年上海市閔行區(qū)七寶中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期10月月考試卷I.Listeningprehension(略)II.GrammarandVocabulary(20分)SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharp____1____youage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andhadthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskills____2____(assess)throughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptoebacktothelabevery18months_____3_____(take)thesamesortsoftests.Thosewho_____4_____(hold)mentallystimulating,demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive(認(rèn)知)function_____5_____amuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’overallhealthstatus.“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,”saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.“Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyou’reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork—sure,youwillfeeltired,_____6_____itcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.”It’snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidwork___7___canhelpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter’sjob,forexample,_____8_____(require)multitasking,teamworkanddecisionmakingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhighlevelofficework.And“runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshighlevelplanningandcoordinating（協(xié)調(diào)）,”shesays.“You_____9_____organizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.”O(jiān)fcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons—includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallenge______10______mentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.【答案】1.as2.assessed3.totake4.hadheld5.at6.but7.that8.requiring9.haveto10.yourself【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了那些從事大量思考、智力刺激大的工作的人，大腦能保持相對(duì)敏銳，認(rèn)知功能喪失的速度慢得多。【1題詳解】考查連詞。句意：周三發(fā)表在《神經(jīng)學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，挑戰(zhàn)性的工作需要大量的分析思考、計(jì)劃和其他管理技能，這可能會(huì)幫助你的大腦隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而保持敏銳。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少引導(dǎo)詞。從屬連as意為“隨著……”根據(jù)從句的句意“隨著”年齡的增長(zhǎng)，可知，從句可用as引導(dǎo)。故填as?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：德國(guó)萊比錫大學(xué)的研究人員收集了1000多名75歲以上的退休工人，通過(guò)一系列測(cè)試評(píng)估志愿者的記憶力和思維能力。分析句意可知，志愿者的記憶里和思維能力“被評(píng)估”，再根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，該句運(yùn)用了動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)havesth.done，意為“主語(yǔ)請(qǐng)/派別人完成某事”，該句中主語(yǔ)是Researchers，因此，該空應(yīng)該用assess的過(guò)去分詞形式assessed作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)和完成的意義。故填assessed?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：然后，八年來(lái)，科學(xué)家們要求同一組人每18個(gè)月回到實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行同樣的測(cè)試。分析句意可知，“進(jìn)行同樣的測(cè)試”是“每18個(gè)月回到實(shí)驗(yàn)室”的目的，因此，用動(dòng)詞不定式totake作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填totake?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：那些在退休前從事過(guò)智力刺激、需求高的工作的人往往在測(cè)試中表現(xiàn)最好。根據(jù)上文，這些志愿者參加測(cè)試已經(jīng)是過(guò)去的事情，而他們從事（hadheld）智力刺激的工作，是在測(cè)試之前發(fā)生過(guò)的事情，因此用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填hadheld?！?題詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：而且他們的認(rèn)知功能喪失的速度比那些從事智力挑戰(zhàn)性最低的工作的人慢得多。根據(jù)該句中的“amuchslowerrate(以更慢的速度)”可知，短語(yǔ)atarate意為“以……的速度”，該空缺少介詞at，故填at?！?題詳解】考查連詞。句意：工作了一天之后——當(dāng)然，你會(huì)感到疲倦，但它可以幫助你的大腦保持健康。根據(jù)“helpyourbrainstayhealthy”可知，句意發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折，因此，該空用連詞but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填but。【7題詳解】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意：然后指出，不僅是團(tuán)體性工作，甚至是有償工作也可以幫助你保持大腦健康。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，去掉it's和空處，句子成分仍然完整，因此本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：itis+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其余部分。故填that?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：例如，服務(wù)員的工作需要多任務(wù)處理、團(tuán)隊(duì)合作和決策，這和任何高級(jí)辦公室工作一樣令人興奮。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句主語(yǔ)是“Awaiter’sjob”，謂語(yǔ)是“couldbe”，因此，require應(yīng)該用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，require與邏輯主語(yǔ)job是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故填requiring?！?題詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：你不得不組織好孩子們的活動(dòng)，打理賬單和雜貨。根據(jù)句意和該空后的動(dòng)詞原形“organize”可知，該空用havetodosth.意為“不得不做某事”，陳述的是客觀情況，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填haveto?！?0題詳解】考查代詞。句意：盡管如此，繼續(xù)在智力上挑戰(zhàn)自己，讓自己的大腦保持忙碌是唯一能對(duì)你有所幫助的。分析句意可知，該空意為挑戰(zhàn)“自己”，challengeoneself意為“挑戰(zhàn)自己”，根據(jù)該空后的“your”可知，對(duì)應(yīng)的反身代詞是yourself。故填yourself。SectionB(10分)Directions:pletethepassagewiththewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.從方框里選擇合適的詞語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空A.essenceB.amateurC.influentialD.balancedAB.recognitionAC.highlightsAD.maximizingBC.overwhelminglyBD.talentedCD.obsessionABC.prioritizeWhenmostofusrecallourschoolsportingdays,wetendtorememberthefriendshipsthatwereforged,theoccasionalpersonal____11____andthefarmorefrequentmomentswhenourskilllevelsdidn'tquitematchouridols'.However,notallofthepresentgenerationofschoolchildrenmaybeabletolookbackontheirsportingexperienceswithsuchfondness.Therearegrowingfears,withinindependentschoolsinparticular,thatmovestowardsprofessionalstandardsandafocusonwinningmaydisagreewiththe____12____ofschoolsports.Theproblemis,perhapsunsurprisingly,moreprevalentinboys'sport,andespeciallysoinrugby,whereindependentschoolsstillprovidethebulkoffutureEnglandinternationals.Atthesametime,therehasbeenasurgeinthenumberofschoolsofferingscholarshipsto____13____rugbyplayers,drivenbyadesiretowidenaccess,butalso,onoccasion,bya(n)____14____thatsuccessontheplayingfieldmaybeapotentialmarketingtool.OnedirectorofrugbyatatopperformingschoolintheSouthEastreportsthathisstarunder16playerwaspoached(挖走)byarivalschoolwhichofferedhimafullscholarship.‘Weweren’tpreparedtoenterintoabiddingwarovera15yearoldkid,’hesaysratherpitifully.ChrisMorgan,directorofsportatTonbridge,isacriticoftheseshiftstowardsbeingsuperstarsportsschools,'Anincreasingnumberofschoolsseemtobeusingsportsscholarshipsaspartoftheirbusinessmodel,’hesays.‘Theyplacerugbyaboveothersportsasitseemstobemore____15____inparents’decisionmakingoverwhichschooltheywanttosendtheirchildrento.’Asaresult,someofMorgan'scounterpartsatotherindependentschoolsfeelunderpressuretofocusonwinningratherthan____16____enjoyment.‘Ifeverythingyouputonyourwebsiteisaboutwhichteamswon,itiseasytoseehowcoaches,boysandparentscanthinkthatresultsarethemostimportantbarometerofsuccess.’Severalcoachesfeelthattheireffortsto____17____players’enjoymentoverresultsareatriskofbeingunderminedbythetemptationtoseesportasanextensionofacademicleaguetables.Onedirectorofrugbytoldmethatwhenevertheyloseagame,hisheadmastercallsameetingontheMondaymorninginwhichhedemandsanexplanationforthedefeat.‘Theheadcan'tunderstandthatsportisn'tjustaboutwinning,’hesays.So,withincreasinglyprofessionalsetupsandaseeming____18____withwinningatallcosts,hasschoolsportlostitsinnocence?Certainlynot,saysKevinKnibbs,HeadmasterofHamptonSchoolinSouthWestLondon,andChairoftheHeadmasters'andHeadmistresses'Conference(HMC)SportsSubmittee‘Independentschoolsunderstandthatsportishugelybeneficialtoyoungpeople.Whiletherehavebeensubstantialimprovementsinthestandardofsportsfacilities,coaching,andperformanceinindependentschoolsoverthepastdecade,thisis____19____with,anemphasisonsafety,wellbeingandgeneralfitness.Togetherthesethingshavehada(n)____20____positiveimpactonyoungpeople’sexperiencesofsportinHMCschools,'hesays.'Pupilsarefreetoenjoyplayingawiderangeofsportswiththeirfriendswithoutfacingunduepressuretowiporneedingtofollowanoverintensivetrainingregime,Knibbscontinue.【答案】11.AC12.A13.BD14.AB15.C16.AD17.ABC18.CD19.D20.BC【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。對(duì)學(xué)校體育是否違背了體育本質(zhì)進(jìn)行了討論?！驹斀狻?.考查名詞。句意：當(dāng)我們大多數(shù)人回想起學(xué)校的體育賽事時(shí)，我們往往會(huì)想起那些建立起來(lái)的友誼，我們往往會(huì)記得那些建立起來(lái)的友誼、偶爾的個(gè)人高光時(shí)刻，更常見(jiàn)的時(shí)刻是當(dāng)我們的技能水平與我們的偶像并不匹配。根據(jù)句意，這里是講體育賽事里的美好記憶，形容詞personal之后應(yīng)用名詞，highlights意為“最精彩的部分”。故選AC。2.考查名詞。句意：人們?cè)絹?lái)越擔(dān)心，尤其是在獨(dú)立學(xué)校中，朝著專(zhuān)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的方向發(fā)展和注重勝利的做法可能與學(xué)校體育的本質(zhì)不符。作disagreewith的斌與用名詞，根據(jù)句意可知，這是與運(yùn)動(dòng)的本質(zhì)不符的。名詞essence意為“本質(zhì)”。故選A。3.考查形容詞。句意：同時(shí)，學(xué)校增加了給有天賦的橄欖球運(yùn)動(dòng)員的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的數(shù)額。修飾名詞players（運(yùn)動(dòng)員）應(yīng)用形容詞，再結(jié)合scholarships，形容詞talented意為“有天賦的”故選BD。4.考查名詞。句意：同時(shí)，學(xué)校增加了給有天賦的橄欖球運(yùn)動(dòng)員的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的數(shù)額，這是被拓寬渠道的愿望所驅(qū)使，偶爾，也被在賽場(chǎng)上的成功有潛在的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值的認(rèn)知所驅(qū)使。根據(jù)that從句的內(nèi)容可知，這是對(duì)一種認(rèn)識(shí)的解釋說(shuō)明，名詞recognition意為“認(rèn)知”，故選AB。5.考查形容詞。句意：他們把橄欖球放在其他運(yùn)動(dòng)之上，因?yàn)樗坪蹰蠙烨蛟诟改笇?duì)送孩子進(jìn)哪所學(xué)校的決定上更有影響力。根據(jù)decisionmaking可知，此處是講橄欖球的影響，形容詞influential意為“有影響力的”，故選C。6.考查動(dòng)詞。句意：結(jié)果，摩根在其他獨(dú)立學(xué)校的一些同行感到壓力，要把精力放在贏球上，而不是把快樂(lè)最大化。根據(jù)ratherthan（而不是）可知，此處作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞應(yīng)與專(zhuān)注獲勝相反。動(dòng)詞maximizing意為“使......最大化”，此處指“把快樂(lè)最大化”，故選AD。7.考查動(dòng)詞。句意：有幾位教練認(rèn)為，他們把運(yùn)動(dòng)員的快樂(lè)置于成績(jī)之上的努力，可能會(huì)受到把體育視為學(xué)術(shù)排行榜延伸的誘惑的破壞。efforts后接不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，此處需要填動(dòng)詞原形，prioritize...over...意為“將……優(yōu)先于……”，為固定搭配，故選ABC。8.考查名詞。句意：所以，伴隨著越來(lái)越專(zhuān)業(yè)的機(jī)構(gòu)和全力以赴獲得勝利的執(zhí)念，學(xué)校體育已經(jīng)失去了它的初衷了嗎？作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)用名詞，根據(jù)winningatallcosts可知這是對(duì)勝利的執(zhí)念，名詞obsession意為“癡迷，執(zhí)念”，故選CD。9.考查形容詞。句意：盡管過(guò)去十年在體育機(jī)構(gòu)、教練、獨(dú)立學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上有了實(shí)質(zhì)性的改善，這也與對(duì)安全、福利和普遍健康的強(qiáng)調(diào)相平衡。bebalancedwith意為“與……相平衡”，為固定搭配，故選D。10.考查副詞。句意：這些事情對(duì)年輕人在HMC學(xué)校里的運(yùn)動(dòng)體驗(yàn)有壓倒性的積極影響。修飾形容詞positive應(yīng)用副詞，副詞overwhelmingly意為“壓倒性地”，故選BC。III.Readingprehension(45分）SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordofphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Biodiversityisaconceptthat'smonlyreferenced,yetregularlymisunderstood.Theplex___21___notonlyreferstotheunbelievablevarietyoflifeonEarth,buttohoweverythingfromgenestoentireecosystemsinteracttomaketheplanethabitable.Thebadnews:scienceshowsthatbiodiversityis___22___worldwideatafasterratethanatanytimeinhumanhistory.That’sobviouslydevastatingforeverythinginnatureincludingus.“Ifbiodiversitydisappears,sodopeople,”saysDr.StephenWoodley,fieldecologistandbiodiversityexpertwiththeInternationalUnionforConservationofNature.“Wearepartofthe___23___andwedonotexistwithoutit.”P(pán)reventingsuchacatastrophe,saysWoodley,beginswithunderstandingwhybiodiversityisdeclining,andthentakingactionto___24___course.“Thetwogreatest___25___ofbiodiversitylossarehabitatloss,primarilyonland,andoverexploitation,primarilyintheocean,”Woodleysays.Heexplainsthatwecansolvetheseproblemsbypermanently___26___morelandsandoceansandmanagingthemfortheirconservationvalues.That'sthemissionoftheglobalCampaignforNature,apartnershipoftheWyssFoundationandtheNationalGeographicSociety.Insteadofsimplyprotecting30percentoftheEarth,the___27___alsoencouragesnations,infullpartnershipwithlocalmunities,tofocusontheright30percent.Thoseareas,saysWoodley,___28___themostimportantbiodiversity,suchasendangeredspeciesandecosystemsandrarespeciesandecosystems.Thecampaignalsorecognizestheimportanceof___29___localrights.Localpeoplesmanageorholdtenure(保有權(quán))overlandsthatsupportabout80percentoftheworld'sbiodiversity,makingit____30____forthesemunitiestobefullpartnersindevelopingandimplementingstrategies.____31____,protectingthehealthofkeybiodiversityareasisvitalfortacklingclimatechange,saysNationalGeographicExplorerinResidenceDr.EnricSala.PairingtheinternationalParisAgreementtobatclimatechange,Sala'spaperasserts,“would____32____catastrophic(災(zāi)難性的)climatechange,conservespecies,andsecureessentialecosystemservices.”“Biodiversityisstability,”saysSala.“Trees,wetlands,grasslands,peatbogs(泥炭沼澤),saltmarshes(鹽沼),healthyoceanecosystems,mangroves(紅樹(shù)林),andplants____33____muchofthecarbonpollutionhumansputintotheatmosphere.Yet,rightnow,lessthanhalfoftheplanetisinitsnaturalstate,whichisn'tenough.”Bottomline:Natureneedsustoactnow.“MovingtoMarsisnota(n)____34____,”Salaadds.“TheonlyconditionsforourlifeandfortheprosperityofhumansocietyarehereonEarth...weare____35____protectingit.”21.A.argument B.term C.structure D.problem22.A.altering B.developing C.stabilizing D.worsening23.A.ecosystem B.threat C.cycle D.procedure24.A.affect B.change C.reverse D.continue25.A.aspects B.causes C.consequences D.occasions26.A.acquiring B.protecting C.exploiting D.possessing27.A.management B.announcement C.campaign D.petition28.A.consume B.destroy C.lose D.contain29.A.denying B.enjoying C.ignoring D.respecting30.A.essential B.simple C.temporary D.profitable31.A.Besides B.However C.Thus D.Otherwise32.A.witness B.detect C.confirm D.avoid33.A.measure B.absorb C.survive D.prevent34.A.mission B.decision C.option D.exploration35.A.worriedabout B.confidentin C.responsiblefor D.goodat【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.B27.C28.D29.D30.A31.A32.D33.B34.C35.C【解析】本文為說(shuō)明文。本文講述了保護(hù)生物多樣性的重要性，號(hào)召人們采取行動(dòng)保護(hù)我們賴(lài)以生存的地球?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)復(fù)雜的術(shù)語(yǔ)不僅指地球上令人難以置信的生命多樣性，還指從基因到整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)如何相互作用，從而使地球適于居住。A.argument論點(diǎn)；B.term術(shù)語(yǔ)；C.structure結(jié)構(gòu)；D.problem問(wèn)題。根據(jù)上一句可知，生物多樣性這個(gè)概念經(jīng)常被引用，但也經(jīng)常被誤解。這是個(gè)復(fù)雜的“術(shù)語(yǔ)”，故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：壞消息:科學(xué)表明，全球生物多樣性正在以比人類(lèi)歷史上任何時(shí)候都要快的速度惡化。A.altering改變；B.developing發(fā)展；C.stabilizing安定；D.worsening惡化。根據(jù)“Thebadnews”可知，這是一個(gè)壞消息，因此排除其他選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)D.worsening(惡化)符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的一部分，沒(méi)有它我們就不能生存。A.ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)；B.threat威脅；C.cycle循環(huán)；D.procedure程序，步驟。上文講到，如果生物多樣性消失，人類(lèi)也會(huì)消失，可知，我們是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)(ecosystem)的一部分。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Woodley說(shuō)，要防止這樣的災(zāi)難，首先要了解生物多樣性為什么在下降，然后采取行動(dòng)扭轉(zhuǎn)局面。A.affect影響；B.change改變；C.reverse反轉(zhuǎn)，扭轉(zhuǎn)；D.continue繼續(xù)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，我們要了解生物多樣性下降的原因，并且采取措施扭轉(zhuǎn)這一過(guò)程，故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：生物多樣性喪失的兩大原因是棲息地的喪失，主要是在陸地上，以及過(guò)度開(kāi)發(fā)，主要是在海洋中。A.aspects方面；B.causes原因；C.consequences結(jié)果；D.occasions場(chǎng)合，機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)句意可知，棲息地的喪失是生物多樣性衰退的原因（cause）之一，故選B。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他解釋說(shuō)，我們可以通過(guò)永久地保護(hù)更多的土地和海洋，并根據(jù)它們的保護(hù)價(jià)值管理它們來(lái)解決這些問(wèn)題。A.acquiring獲得；B.protecting保護(hù)；C.exploiting開(kāi)發(fā)；D.possessing占有。根據(jù)句意，我們要“保護(hù)（protect）”土地和海洋，故選B?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)并不是簡(jiǎn)單地保護(hù)地球的30%，而是鼓勵(lì)各國(guó)與當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)通力合作，關(guān)注正確的30%。A.management管理；B.announcement公告；C.campaign戰(zhàn)役，活動(dòng)；D.petition競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，比賽。這里指“theglobalCampaignforNature（全球保護(hù)自然運(yùn)動(dòng)）”，故選C。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Woodley說(shuō)，這些地區(qū)擁有最重要的生物多樣性，如瀕危物種和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)以及稀有物種和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。A.consume消耗；B.destroy毀壞；C.lose丟失；D.contain包含。全球自然運(yùn)動(dòng)的使命是保護(hù)這些地區(qū)，是因?yàn)檫@些地區(qū)擁有（contain）最重要的生物多樣性，故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：該運(yùn)動(dòng)也認(rèn)識(shí)到尊重地方權(quán)利的重要性。A.denying否認(rèn)；B.enjoying喜歡；C.ignoring忽略；D.respecting尊重。根據(jù)下文可知，當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣窆芾砘驌碛型恋氐氖褂脵?quán)，因此該運(yùn)動(dòng)認(rèn)識(shí)到尊重他們的重要性，故選D?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣窆芾砘驌碛型恋厥褂脵?quán)，這些土地支撐著世界上約80%的生物多樣性，使這些社區(qū)成為制定和執(zhí)行戰(zhàn)略的全面伙伴至關(guān)重要。A.essential必要的，必不可少的；B.simple簡(jiǎn)單的；C.temporary臨時(shí)的；D.profitable有益的。根據(jù)上文，當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裨诒Ｗo(hù)生物多樣性方面十分重要，全球自然運(yùn)動(dòng)有必要與當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)聯(lián)合行動(dòng)保護(hù)多樣性，選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，國(guó)家地理常駐探險(xiǎn)家EnricSala博士說(shuō)，保護(hù)關(guān)鍵生物多樣性地區(qū)的健康對(duì)于應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化至關(guān)重要。A.Besides此外；B.However然而；C.Thus因此；D.Otherwise否則。上文講述了保護(hù)生物多樣性的重要性，該句講“保護(hù)生物多樣性對(duì)于應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化至關(guān)重要”，這與上文是并列關(guān)系，故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Sala的論文認(rèn)為，與國(guó)際巴黎協(xié)定結(jié)合起來(lái)對(duì)抗氣候變化，將避免災(zāi)難性的氣候變化，保護(hù)物種，并確?；镜纳鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)。A.witness目擊；B.detect察覺(jué)；C.confirm確認(rèn)，證實(shí)；D.avoid避免。根據(jù)句意，對(duì)抗氣候變化會(huì)“避免（avoid）”災(zāi)難性的氣候變化，故選D。33題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：樹(shù)木、濕地、草原、泥炭沼澤、鹽沼、健康的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、紅樹(shù)林和植物吸收了人類(lèi)排放到大氣中的大部分碳污染。A.measure衡量；B.absorb吸收；C.survive存活；D.prevent阻止。根據(jù)常識(shí)，樹(shù)木“吸收（absorb）”大氣中的碳，故選B。【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“移居火星不是一個(gè)選擇?！盨ala補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，“我們的生活和人類(lèi)社會(huì)繁榮的唯一條件是在地球上?！盇.mission使命；B.decision決定；C.option選項(xiàng)，選擇；D.exploration探索。根據(jù)下文，Sala認(rèn)為人類(lèi)唯一得以生存和繁榮的地方就是地球，因此認(rèn)為移居火星不是一個(gè)（正確的）選擇。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：我們有責(zé)任保護(hù)它。A.(be)worriedabout擔(dān)心；B.(be)confidentin自信；C.(be)responsiblefor對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)；D.(be)goodat擅長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)上文可知，我們有責(zé)任保護(hù)我們賴(lài)以生存的地球，故選C。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)ThepersonwhosetthecourseofmylifewasaschoolteachernamedMarjorieHurd.When1steppedoffashipinNewYorkHarborin1949,Iwasanineyearoldwarrefugee,whohadlosthismotherandwasingtolivewiththefatherhedidnotknow.Mymother,EleniGatzoyiannis,hadbeenimprisonedandshotforsendingmysistersandmetofreedom.IwasthirteenyearsoldwhenIenteredChandlerJuniorHigh.ShortlyafterIarrived,Iwastoldtoselectahobbytopursueduring“clubhours.”Theideaofhobbiesandclubsmadenosensetomyimmigrantears,butIdecidedtofollowtheprettiestgirlinmyclass.SheledmeintothepresenceofMissHurd,theschoolnewspaperadviserandEnglishteacher.Atoughwomanwithsaltandpepperhairanddeterminedeyes,MissHurdhadnopatiencewithlazybones.Shedrilledusingrammar,assignedstoriesforustoreadanddiscuss,andeventuallytaughtushowtoputoutanewspaper.HerintroductiontotheliterarywealthofGreecegavemeanewperspectiveonmywartornhomeland,makingmeproudofmyorigins.HereffortsinspiredmetounderstandthelogicandstructureoftheEnglishlanguage.Owingtoherinspiration,duringmynexttwentyfiveyears,Ibecamea,journalistbyprofession.MissHurdretiredattheageof62.Bythen,shehadtaughtforatotalof41years.Evenafterherretirement,shecontinuallymadeaprojectofunwillingstudentsinwhomshespiedasparkofpotential.Thestudentsweremainlyfromthemosttroubledhomes,yetshealternatelybulliedandcharmedthemwithherownspecialbrandoftoughlove,untilthesparkcaughtfire.MissHurdwastheonewhodirectedmygriefandpainintowriting.ButforMissHurdIwouldn'thavebee&reporter.Shewastheonewhosentmeintojournalismandindirectlycausedallthegoodthingsthatcameafter.36.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Hobbiesandclubsdidnotinteresttheauthor.BTheauthorturnedadeafeartojoiningclubs.C.Hobbiesandclubswereinaccessibletoimmigrantsliketheauthor.D.Theauthorhadnoideawhathobbiesandclubswereallabout.37.Whichofthefollowingcausedtheauthortothinkofhishomelanddifferently?A.SteppingontheAmericansoilforthefirsttime.B.BeingexposedtoGreekliteraryworks.C.Hermother'smiserabledeath.D.Followingtheprettiestgirlinhisclass.38.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph4thatA.MissHurdemployedauniquewaytohandlethesestudents.B.MissHurd'scontributionwasrecognizedacrossthenation.C.StudentsfromtroubledhomespreferredMissHurd'steachingstyle.D.ThestudentsMissHurdtaughtwereallfinallyfired.39.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Howtheauthorbecameajournalist.B.Theimportanceofinspirationinone'slife.C.Theteacherwhoshapedtheauthor'slife.D.Factorscontributingtoasuccessfulcareer.【答案】36.D37.B38.A39.C【解析】本文作者主要介紹了自己的老師MarjorieHurd小姐，其中重點(diǎn)講述了Hurd老師對(duì)他的人生道路產(chǎn)生的重要影響。Hurd老師讓作者了解了希臘文學(xué)這一寶貴財(cái)富，使得作者對(duì)飽受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)蹂躪的祖國(guó)，有了新的認(rèn)識(shí)，并為它感到自豪；并讓作者學(xué)會(huì)了英語(yǔ)的邏輯與結(jié)構(gòu)。多虧了Hurd老師的鼓勵(lì)，在未來(lái)的二十五年里，作者成為了一名專(zhuān)業(yè)的記者。【36題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文的介紹ShortlyafterIarrived,Iwastoldtoselectahobbytopursueduring“clubhours.”(在我到達(dá)后不久，我被告知選擇一個(gè)愛(ài)好在“俱樂(lè)部時(shí)間”。)，在結(jié)合第二段中"…butIdecidedtofollowtheprettiestgirlinmyclass．"使用了轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but，意為：但是我決定跟著我班里最漂亮的女孩，可以推測(cè)出劃線(xiàn)的句子表示的意思應(yīng)與之相反，即雖然我對(duì)于愛(ài)好和俱樂(lè)部毫無(wú)概念。故選D【37題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中"HerintroductiontotheliterarywealthofGreecegavemeanewperspectiveonmywartornhomeland，makingmeproudofmyorigins．(她對(duì)希臘文學(xué)的介紹給了我一個(gè)關(guān)于我飽受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)蹂躪的祖國(guó)的新視角，使我為我的起源感到驕傲。)"可知，Hurd老師讓我了解了希臘文學(xué)這一寶貴財(cái)富，使得我對(duì)飽受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)蹂躪的祖國(guó)，有了新的不同的認(rèn)識(shí)，為它感到自豪。故選B?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的Evenafterherretirement,shecontinuallymadeaprojectofunwillingstudentsinwhomshespiedasparkofpotential.Thestudentsweremainlyfromthemosttroubledhomes,yetshealternatelybulliedandcharmedthemwithherownspecialbrandoftoughlove,untilthesparkcaughtfire.(即使在她退休后，她仍然繼續(xù)從事一個(gè)不情愿上學(xué)的學(xué)生項(xiàng)目，她在這些學(xué)生身上發(fā)現(xiàn)潛在的火花。學(xué)生們主要來(lái)自最麻煩的家庭，但她用她自己堅(jiān)韌的愛(ài)敦促他們，直到點(diǎn)燃這些火花。)可知，在Hurd老師退休之后，她繼續(xù)從事了一項(xiàng)工作：即用她獨(dú)特地嚴(yán)厲的愛(ài)應(yīng)對(duì)幫助不愿意學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)他們潛在的閃光點(diǎn)。故選A。【39題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文特別是文章第一句ThepersonwhosetthecourseofmylifewasaschoolteachernamedMarjorieHurd.可知，本文主要講述了我的老師MarjorieHurd對(duì)我的人生道路產(chǎn)生的重要影響。C項(xiàng)中的“shapedtheauthor'slife”與“setthecourseofmylife”意思相近。故選C。(B)HOWTOGETTHEREBAandRoyalJordanianairlinesflydirectbetweenLondonHeathrowandJordan’scapitalcityAmman(from￡435;rj.).Flighttimeisfivehours.HOWTOGETAROUNDJordanisajoyfullyeasycountrytotravelaround,inpartduetoitssmallsize.Youcoulddrivefromtoptobottominlittleoverfivehoursifyouwantedto.Thenationalbuspanyhasservicesbetweenthemaintowns,andlimitedoptionstoPetraandtheDeadSea.Forfullflexibility,you'rebetteroffhiringacar—roadsareingoodcondition,andotherdriverstendtobelessmanic(notstanduptofreeuseofthecarhorn)paredtoothercountriesintheMiddleEast.ThetrafficinAmmanmakesitfrustrating,andnervewracking,tonavigate,sopickupanddropoffyourcarattheairport,alittleoutsideofthecity.Theusualsuspectshaveofficesthere(week’shirefrom￡235;hertz.jo).HOWLONGTOSPENDGiventheshorttraveltimesbetweenmajorsites,youcouldfeasiblywhiparoundJordaninlittleunderaweek,spendinganightineachlocation.However,it’simportanttofactorintheweather:yourpacewillslowinhightemperatures,andyou’llfindmanyJordanianssensiblyspendingthehottestpartofthedayindoors,indulginginalonglunch.You’llalsowanttodevoteaproperamountoftimetoeachlocation:twoorthreenightsineachofPetraandWadiRumwillallowyoutogettoafewlessexploredcorners,whiletwonightsinAmmanandoneeachattheDeadSeaandhotspringsisaboutright.IfyouaddinasidetripforsomedivingintheRedSea,twoweeksisplenty.WHATTOBUDGETStayinginbudgetguesthouses,eatingonlyfrommarketsandstreetstalls,andusingpublictransport,youcouldsurviveinJordanonaround￡40perday.Factorinamidrangehotel,carhire,guidedtoursandmealsinlocalrestaurants,andthefigurecouldriseto￡100plusaday.Thenationalcurrencyisthedinar（第納爾）,andisavailablefromATMsatallthemainsites.WHENTOGOHighseasonisSeptembertoOctoberandMarchtoMaywhentheweatheriswarmbutbearable.Notethatpricehikesaremoninthisperiod,andhotelsgetbookedfarinadvance.Oneofthemostpleasanttimestovisitiswinter,fromNovembertoFebruary,thoughbeawarethedesertgetsverycoldatnightduringthisperiod.Ifyoucantaketheextremetemperaturesofsummer,itcanbeanexcellenttimetotravel,withfewertouristsaround.HOWTOPLANSeeLonelyPlanet’sJordanandtheJordantouristboard’sofficialsite,visitjordan,whichhasawealthofinformationongeneraltravelintheregionandspecificsites.40.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrueabouttravellinginJordanaccordingtothepassage?A.DriversinJordanusecarhornmorefreelythanthoseinothercountries.B.It'sbettertodriveyourowncarsincethetrafficinAmmanisfrustrating.C.Weathershouldbetakenintoconsiderationwhenyouarrangeholiday.D.DivinginRedSeaisamustifyouplantotravelinJordanforoneweek.41.WhichfactorisNOTrelatedwiththebudgetaccordingtothepassage?A.Tochoosewhatkindhotels.B.Toeatwhatkindoffood.C.Whethertousecashornot.D.WhentotravelinJordan.42.Theword“hikes”inparagraph5canbebestreplacedbytheword“”.A.declines B.rises C.varies D.collapses【答案】40.C41.C42.B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章告訴讀者如何計(jì)劃游玩約旦以及一些注意事項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“However,it’simportanttofactorintheweather:yourpacewillslowinhightemperatures,andyou’llfindmanyJordanianssensiblyspendingthehottestpartofthedayindoors,indulginginalonglunch.”（然而，重要的是要考慮到天氣因素：在高溫下，你的步伐會(huì)變慢，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)許多約旦人在室內(nèi)度過(guò)一天中最熱的部分，沉迷于一頓漫長(zhǎng)的午餐。），可知在約旦旅行時(shí)，你安排假期時(shí)要考慮天氣因素。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Factorinamidrangehotel,carhire,guidedtoursandmealsinlocalrestaurants,andthefigurecouldriseto￡100plusaday.”（考慮到中檔酒店、租車(chē)、導(dǎo)游和當(dāng)?shù)夭宛^的用餐，這個(gè)數(shù)字可能會(huì)上升到每天100多英鎊。）和第五段中的“HighseasonisSeptembertoOctoberandMarchtoMay,whentheweatheriswarmbutbearable.Notethatpricehikesaremoninthisperiod,andhotelsgetbookedfarinadvance.”（旺季是九月到十月和三月到五月，天氣暖和但可以忍受。請(qǐng)注意，在這段時(shí)間里，價(jià)格上漲是很常見(jiàn)的，而且酒店會(huì)提前預(yù)訂完。），可知酒店、用餐和什么時(shí)候去約旦旅行要考慮預(yù)算；由第四段中的“Thenationalcurrencyisthedinar（第納爾）,andisavailablefromATMsatallthemainsites.”（國(guó)家貨幣是第納爾，在所有主要地點(diǎn)的自動(dòng)取款機(jī)上都可以買(mǎi)到。），可知此項(xiàng)只談?wù)摿烁犊罘绞?，和預(yù)算沒(méi)有關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。由第五段中的“HighseasonisSeptembertoOctoberandMarchtoMay,whentheweatheriswarmbutbearable.”（旺季是九月到十月和三月到五月，天氣暖和但可以忍受。）和“andhotelsgetbookedfarinadvance”（而且酒店會(huì)提前預(yù)訂完。），可知旺季酒店會(huì)提前預(yù)訂完，說(shuō)明旺季游客很多，酒店生意火爆，價(jià)格自然會(huì)上漲，hikes在此處意為“rises（上升）”。故選B項(xiàng)。（C）Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesareremendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.Americansarewillingtotoleratetimeconsumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentionmakingpeopleangry.Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,binedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbee—butthelinesareobvious.PartoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravelsotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarryonbagstoavoidcheckedbaggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawinwinfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckarequalifiestouseexpedited(加速的)screeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:Passengersmustpays85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemosto