Unit4SpaceExploration單元語法學(xué)案高中英語人教版

Unit4SpaceExploration重點1動詞不定式作定語教材原句①...on12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtoenterspace.······1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成為世界上第一個進入太空的人。（不定式短語toenterspace作定語，修飾thefirstperson）［P40］②However,whilesuchdisastersbroughtmuchsadnessanddisappointment,thedesiretoexploretheuniversedidnotdie.然而，盡管這樣的災(zāi)難帶來了很多悲傷和沮喪，但對探索宇宙的渴望沒有消失。（不定式短語toexploretheuniverse作后置定語，修飾desire）［P41］不定式作定語一般情況下置于所修飾詞的后面，并且與被修飾的詞之間構(gòu)成一定的邏輯關(guān)系。①主謂關(guān)系被修飾詞是不定式動作的發(fā)出者。He'salwaysthefirstpersonoftheteamtoputforwardthesolutiontotheproblem.他總是團隊里第一個提出問題的解決方案的人。2動賓關(guān)系被修飾詞是不定式動作的承受者。Shelookedforsomeinterestingnovelstoread.她找了一些有趣的小說來讀。特別注意當(dāng)“不及物動詞的不定式＋介詞”作定語時，該短語與其所修飾的詞之間為動賓關(guān)系，此處的介詞不可省略。Hecanfindnoonetotalkwith.他找不到可以交談的人。③部分抽象名詞后常接不定式作后置定語。常見的該類名詞有：time、way（方法）、chance、opportunity、ability、ambition、attempt、courage、effort、decision、failure、plan、desire等。Thevoluntaryservicegivesyouachancetochangelives，includingyourown.志愿服務(wù)給你一個改變生活的機會，包括（改變）你自己的生活。Youshouldgrasptheabilitytosolvetheplexproblems.你應(yīng)該掌握解決復(fù)雜問題的能力。④當(dāng)被修飾詞是thefirst、thesecond、thelast、theonly、thebest或被這些詞修飾時，常接不定式作后置定語。He＇dalwaysbethefirsttooffertohelp.他總是第一個愿意幫忙的人。Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.四年后，她成為第一位獲得醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)位的非洲裔美國女性。5不定式常在therebe句式中作定語，修飾主語。Therearemanyinterestingthingstoseethere.那里有許多有趣的東西可以看。⑥動詞不定式作后置定語可以表示“動作將要發(fā)生”的含義。Theairporttobepletednextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.明年將要完工的機場將有助于促進這一地區(qū)的旅游業(yè)。重點2動詞不定式作狀語教材原句①Spaceexplorationhasealongway,andwenowhopetodiscoverotherplanetsthataresuitableenoughtosupportlife.太空探索已經(jīng)取得了長足的進步，我們現(xiàn)在希望能發(fā)現(xiàn)其他適合生命生存的行星。（動詞不定式短語tosupportlife作結(jié)果狀語）[P40]②Today,scientistsdesignvehiclestocarryastronautsintospacetomakeimportantdiscoveries.今天，科學(xué)家們設(shè)計將航天員送入太空的飛行器，以作出重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)。（動詞不定式短語tomakeimportantdiscoveries作目的狀語）[P40]①作目的狀語，相當(dāng)于inordertodo／soastodo（soastodo不能放在句首）Inorderto/Tofinishthetaskaheadofschedule,thebossmeanttoemployanotherthreeworkers.為了提前完成任務(wù)，這位老極打算再招三個工人。Youshouldlearnfrompastmistakessoasto/inorderto/toavoidfallingintothesameoldtrapagain.你應(yīng)該從過去的錯誤中吸取教訓(xùn)，以免重蹈覆轍。作結(jié)果狀語動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）so．．．a(chǎn)stodo／such＋n．．．．a(chǎn)stodo太······以至于Hewasdrivingsofastastogethimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehewaslikelytolosecontroloverhiscar.他開得太快了以至于使自己陷入危險境地，很可能讓汽車失控。Heissuchafoolastobelievethem.他太傻了以至于相信了他們。（2）表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，常與only、never等連用。Hearingtheboy'scry,thefarmersrusheduphilltohelp，onlytobetolditwasajoke.聽到男孩的哭聲，這群農(nóng)民沖上山去幫忙，卻被告知這是一個玩笑。Shewentabroadnevertoreturn.她出國了，再也沒回來。（3）too．．．todo太·······以至于不能Whenquestionedbythemedia,hewastoonervoustosayanything.面對媒體的提問，他緊張得說不出話來。（4）．．．enoughtodo足夠······做某事Thegirlwasluckyenoughtogetatrainticket.這個女孩足夠幸運，搶到了一張火車票。作原因狀語sb+be+adj.+tododo”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞不定式作原因狀語，形容詞通常是angry、delighted、excited、glad、pleased、sorry、surprised等表示情緒的詞。Hewassorrytohavedoneherharm.他很抱歉傷害了她。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Hecame___________(show)mehisnewsciencebook.

2.OurEnglishteacherhasmanyways______________(make)herclassinteresting.

3.Thedoctorsarebusydoingwhattheycan___________(save)thedyingman.

4.Theoldmanwastooangry________(say)aword.

5.Hegotupearly__________(catch)thebus.

6.HehurriedtothestationtoseeTomoff,only________(find)hehadalreadyleft.

7.Hehasalotofwork_______(do)everyweekend.

8.Theyarelookingforaroom________(live)in.

9.Ihavenochance_________(go)sightseeingwithsomuchworktodo.

10.Heputhisphotosonitforeveryone__________(look)at.

Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示完成句子1.Heistheteacher___________________.

他是下學(xué)期教我們英語的老師。2.Ihavenothing____________________.

我對這問題沒什么可說的。3.Thewholefamilywenttobeach_____________________.

全家人去海灘度周末。4.Weshallbeveryhappy_________________________________.

我們將很高興在這個項目上與你合作。5.Thenextplane__________isfromNewYork.

下一班到達的飛機來自紐約。6.Heisalways_______________andlasttoleavetheoffice.

他總是第一個到辦公室,最后一個離開。7.Thereareenoughchairsfortheguests____________.

有足夠的椅子給客人坐。8.Wearedelighted____________thatyou’regoingtovisitusnextmonth.

很高興得知你下個月要來看我們。9.Theteais________________.

這茶太熱了,不能喝。10.Heliftedarockonly______________________.

他搬起石頭結(jié)果砸到了自己的腳。Ⅲ.語法填空Ioncefoundthathelpingsomeonecouldgetyouintoalotoftrouble.Iwasinthe1.________(nine)gradeatthetime,andwewerehavingafinaltest.Duringthetest,thegirl2.________(sit)nexttomewhisperedsomething,butIdidn’tunderstand.FinallyIfoundthatshewastryingtoaskme3.________Ihadanextrapen.Sheshowedmethat4.________(her)wasoutofinkandwouldnotwrite.Ihappenedtohaveanextraone,soIputitonherdesk.

Later,afterthetestpapershadbeenturnedin,theteacher5.________(ask)metostayintheroomwhenalltheotherstudentsweredismissed.Assoonaswewerealoneshebegantotalktomeabouthowimportantitwas6.________(stand)onmyowntwo7.________(foot)andberesponsibleformyownacts.Foralongtime,shetalkedabouthonestyandemphasizedthefactthat8.________peopledosomethingdishonest,theyarereallycheatingthemselves.ShemademepromisethatIwouldthink9.________(serious)aboutallthethingsshehadsaid,andthenshetoldmeIcouldleave.Iwalkedoutoftheroomwonderingwhyshehadchosentotalktome10.________allthosethings.

Lateron,IfoundoutthatshethoughtIhadcheatedinthetest.李華正在和同學(xué)張青談?wù)撍挠詈絾T夢想,請根據(jù)語境和提示完成對話。Zhang:I1.___